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Gender roles in literature
Gender roles in literature
How gender influences identity
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Men are told many things as they mature their way through life. “Be a man,” “suck it up,” and “don’t cry” are only a few ego-damaging phrases children and men have to hear in their lives. The world writes this off as normal rather than damaging. Today’s society acts much like Nurse Ratched in Ken Kesey’s novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. The nurse uses emasculating terms and tactics throughout the book to rip away the men’s manliness and freedom to be who they truly are. When the nurse had found out Billy had done something she did not approve of, she manipulates him into thinking bad of what he was proud of just minutes before, "What worries me, Billy," she said—I could hear the change in her voice—"is how your poor mother is going to take this." She got the response she was after. Billy flinched and put his hand to his cheek like he'd been burned with acid,”(Kesey). Men and …show more content…
Boys are molded and told from a young age what it means to be a man. Hypermasculinity is expressed to boys in many ways, telling them it is not okay to like anything associated with girls. When readers of an article were asked to answer a few simple questions like “What are boys favorite colors?” and “What toys do boys play with?”. Similar questions about girls were asked and the readers picked the obvious answers for each question. Boys like the colors blue and red and only play with trucks and action figures, while girls play with cute dolls and play dress up with mommy’s makeup. The author of this article and Clinical Psychologist, Doctor Damon Ashworth says, “Most children do not fit into these categories naturally, but are instead socialized into these roles as they grow and are encouraged to do so based on
The author Ken Kesey was born in La Junta, Colorado and went to Stanford University. He volunteered to be used for an experiment in the hospital because he would get paid. In the book “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest”, Kesey brings up the past memories to show how Bromden is trying to be more confident by using those thoughts to make him be himself. He uses Bromden’s hallucinations, Nurse Ratched’s authority, and symbolism to reveal how he’s weak, but he builds up more courage after each memory.
From the moment that the apple touched Eve’s lips, women have been seen as an embodiment of all that is evil. This reflects misogynistic societal beliefs that women are below men. While many of the prejudices towards women are hidden in modern American society, some misogynistic stereotypes are still present. In Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, one can see many misogynistic and sexist undertones. Big Nurse Ratched is in a position of authority over a large group of men and is seen as a tyrannical and unjust ruler. Although most of her methods would have been seen as awful when used by any person, the saturation of bad women in the novel creates an unfavorable picture of women in general. The balance of power in the ward is never equal; it is either in the hands of women, or of men. Nurse Ratched is determined to take power from the men, while McMurphy is determined to win it back. Therefore, a push-pull situation is created, in which each group is attempting to take power from the other. Kesey’s misogynistic tones create the feeling that men and women cannot be equal; for one to rise, the other must fall.
In 1962, when One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (the Nest), was published, America was at the start of decade that would be characterized by turmoil. Involvement in Vietnam was increasing, civil rights marches were taking place in the south and a new era of sexual promiscuity and drug use was about to come into full swing. Young Americans formed a subgroup in American society that historians termed the “counterculture”. The Nest is a product of time when it was written. It is anti-authoritarian and tells the tale of a man's rebelling against the establishment. Kesey used metaphor to make a social commentary on the America of the sixties. In this paper I will deal with three issues that seem to strike out from the novel. First; is the choice that Kesey made in his decision to write the novel using first person narration. The second part of this paper will be an analysis of some of the metaphors and Kesey uses to describe America in the sixties. Finally I will speak about the some of the religious images that Kesey has put in the novel.
In Ken Kesey’s novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, the reader has the experience to understand what it was like to live in an insane asylum during the 1960’s. Kesey shows the reader the world within the asylum of Portland Oregon and all the relationships and social standings that happen within it. The three major characters’ groups, Nurse Ratched, the Black Boys, and McMurphy show how their level of power effects how they are treated in the asylum. Nurse Ratched is the head of the ward and controls everything that goes on in it, as she has the highest authority in the ward and sabotages the patients with her daily rules and rituals. These rituals include her servants, the Black Boys, doing anything she tells them to do with the patients.
In the book One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Ken Kesey writes about a group of inmates in a mental hospital struggling to deal with their oppressive nurse, the mechanical Nurse Ratched. McMurphy the aggressive, gregarious, and overtly-sexual patient fights to be able to express himself individually as well as free the other inmates from the forced conformity of the ward. The author uses this struggle between McMurphy and Nurse Ratched as a device to convey his main argument, society is intolerant of, and suppresses, expressions of individuality.
Throughout the novel ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ written by Ken Kesey, and the poem ‘Advice to Young Ladies’ crafted by A.D. Hope, there is evidence to suggest that the discourses represented by the characters in the novel and poem unveil the ways discourses of conformity underpin the characters’ actions, perceptions and motives, as well as inviting and silencing beliefs, attitudes and values. The author and poet are able to strongly convey their beliefs to the reader from their personal experiences. The four dominant discourses that both the novel and poem share and represents: conformity, sexuality and religious. These will be analysed and compared.
Based in an asylum and told through the eyes of one of the insane patients, the reader builds a connection with the characters as they try to fight the cruelty and control of the hospital staff. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a book of high literary value, teacheing of man’s interminable struggle against society’s control over law and what it deems normal human behavior. It contains many literary devices that require readers to analyze the text in order to fully comprehend what is occurring in the story. Parents have made this book a very controversial subject, because of some of the inappropriate words and scenes in the book.The controversy over the banning of this book from school curriculum is a difficult situation because of what parents
Men frequently take on the role of dominance over women in social relationships. Looking at the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey, the roles seem to have switched. The novel, narrated by Chief Bromden, is set in a psychiatric hospital where the head Nurse, Nurse Ratched, runs the male ward. She is constantly picking on the patients' vulnerable places. Patrick Randle McMurphy, former prisoner of the Pendleton Work Farm, swaggers his way into the ward claiming to be psychotic often encounters many conflicts with Nurse Ratched, always refusing to abide by her rules and regulations, and gains respect from the other patients. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Ken Kesey uses the concepts of masculinity to define the women's role.
Everybody wants to be accepted, yet society is not so forgiving. It bends you and changes you until you are like everyone else. Society depends on conformity and it forces it upon people. In Emerson's Self Reliance, he says "Society is a joint stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater." People are willing to sacrifice their own hopes and freedoms just to get the bread to survive. Although the society that we are living in is different than the one the Emerson's essay, the idea of fitting in still exists today. Although society and our minds make us think a certain way, we should always trust our better judgment instead of just conforming to society.
Fred Wright, Lauren's instructor for EN 132 (Life, Language, Literature), comments, "English 132 is an introduction to English studies, in which students learn about various areas in the discipline from linguistics to the study of popular culture. For the literature and literary criticism section of the course, students read a canonical work of literature and what scholars have said about the work over the years. This year, students read One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, by Ken Kesey, a classic of American literature which dates from the 1960s counterculture. Popularized in a film version starring Jack Nicholson, which the class also watched in order to discuss film studies and adaptation, the novel became notable for its sympathetic portrayal of the mentally ill. For an essay about the novel, students were asked to choose a critical approach (such as feminist, formalist, psychological, and so forth) and interpret the novel using that approach, while also considering how their interpretation fit into the ongoing scholarly dialogue about the work. Lauren chose the challenge of applying a Marxist approach to One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest. Not only did she learn about critical approaches and how to apply one to a text, she wrote an excellent essay, which will help other readers understand the text better. In fact, if John Clark Pratt or another editor ever want to update the 1996 Viking Critical Library edition of the novel, then he or she might want to include Lauren's essay in the next edition!"
Patriarchy is defined as a “social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the family.” Many have heard of Biblical patriarchy as seen throughout the Bible. Two verses in particular demonstrate this concept. Ephesians 5:23 states, “For the husband is the head of the wife even as Christ is the head of the church, his body, and is himself its Savior”(ESV). In addition, 1 Timothy 3:4 also states, “He must manage his own household well, with all dignity keeping his children submissive,”(ESV). God designed patriarchy to unify the family and direct them towards Him. Too often people perceive patriarchy as dictatorial, legalistic or even harsh; however, patriarchy in its biblical sense portrays a father leading the family with love and in humility before God. Without love, a patriarch would indeed come across as a mean dictator. In the novel, The Chosen, by Chaim Potok, two fathers, David Malter and Reb Saunders, play very important roles in their son's lives. As the patriarchs, both fathers provide vision for their families; in doing so they require respect as the leaders of the households, they
First, men, like teenage boys, are expected to be “aggressive, brave, confront danger, and protect their loved ones.” The expectation to hold true to these qualities deteriorates the physical well-being and mental state of men, leading to more injuries in the long run. The mentality taught to young boys to “suck it up” when injured fosters the idea that they should not seek medical attention for injuries, which can lead to major problems in later life. Gender socialization teaches men to conceal their feelings because it is seen as feminine. Hiding emotions leads to stress and the complications that come from stress. Women are gender socialized to be the “responsible ones, the nurturers, and the caretakers.” Caretakers are known to have high levels of stress associated with attending to the needs of young children and sick relatives. High levels of stress are known to cause weight changes, depression, and sleep disorders. Second, women who have day jobs are also expected to also be housekeepers and nurturers of their families, causing added stress to women. (Day) Gender expectations of adults, set onto them in their adolescence, cause great strain and stress throughout their lives. Socialization of the genders from adolescence may have lasting impacts on the well-being of adults, but there are simple changes parents and society can make that will ease this
This is the first sign of the reversal, the majority of the population is male, yet they do
Without knowing it, parents teach their kids about gender simply picking colors out for them. Even at birth society greets a newborn boy or girl with either blue or pink respectively, and as children grow up the gendered colors become gendered toys. As Jennifer Goodwin explains in her article “Even Nine-Month-olds Choose Gender-Specific Toys,” that when as young as a nine month old is given a bunch of toys they would choose the toy that was considered gender correct for them, such as a boy and a toy truck and a girl and a doll. The test brought up a concerning question, “So does this mean that boys and girls have an innate preference for certain types of objects?”(88). Meaning are we hardwired to know “gender?” The question suggests doubts on what mankind has believed in forever. Yet the theory has flaws as she states, “Babies…are amazing sponges and learn an awful lot in nine months” (88). Meaning that babies are blank slates, capturing everything their parents do. Without knowing it parents are teaching our youth about gender, such as a mother going to her baby when it’s crying, to even the notice of one parent leaving to go to work. Even when children get older, when they get hurt, they go to their mother, and when they need serious advice they go to their father. When I was younger, around the age of six my father left, making my mother a
Men are thought to ignore the pain and pressure as well as never ask for help. A young boy learns what it takes to be a man from the male figures in their life: Fathers, brothers, coaches, and teachers. “The response was consistent: Guys hear the voices of the men in their lives-- fathers, coaches, brothers, grandfathers, uncles, priests -- to inform their ideas of masculinity”(Kimmel). These young boys agree to conform to the guy code because humiliation and judgment of other men force them to act a certain way. These young boys then become men who are more likely to be depressed, have suicidal thoughts/actions, and suffer from physical, psychological, and emotional abuse because of society’s strict gender roles placed on them. Watson supports Kimmel’s argument on the male gender roles by showing how young children are having ideas of what a man should be forced down on them. The same thing is said for girls, companies sell specific types of toys to both boys and girls. “I got the message then and there. If you are a girl, your aspirations should be to play at elegance, nurture a baby doll, and practice cooking and cleaning. If you are a boy, you are to aspire to a persona of power. You are to build physically, train and excel”(Watson). Girls were told that essentially they should be housewives, just cook and clean and take care of however many children that she and husband decides to have while the boys are told that have to be strong not only physically, but mentally as well, that they have to be the breadwinner of the house and support his