In discussion about her goals, Maryam’s major goal was to avoid getting liver cancer. Her sub-goals to reach that goal were: decreasing her stress level, working on her fears about germs, and, working on her alcohol intake. Maryam’s obsessive compulsive disorder seems to start after the rape incident when she was only 14 years old. She has waxed and wane symptoms of compulsiveness, due to her repetitive destructive thoughts, any time she faces a stressful event in her life. CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) could be useful for this client. With CBT, the client would be able to reduce pressure due to her repetitive thoughts, also, CBT can teach her to increase her resistance to urges, and, compulsions. Since Maryam is obsessed with cleanliness,
Cynthia Adae was taken to Clinton Memorial Hospital on June 28, 2006. She was taken to the hospital with back and chest pain. A doctor concluded that she was at high risk for acute coronary syndrome. She was transferred to the Clinton Memorial hospital emergency room. She reported to have pain for two or three weeks and that the pain started in her back or her chest. The pain sometimes increased with heavy breathing and sometimes radiated down her left arm. Cynthia said she had a high fever of 103 to 104 degrees. When she was in the emergency room her temperature was 99.3, she had a heart rate of 140, but her blood
A summary of the case details (provide the circumstances surrounding the case, who, what, when, how)
Renee Heikamp, 19, and case worker from the Catholic Children’s Aid Society (CCAS), Angie Martin, were charged with criminal negligence resulting in the 1997 death of newborn baby, Jordan Heikamp. The charges were dropped shortly after Jordan’s death, due to a lack of evidence from the investigation of a 63-day inquest. (CBC, 2001). Renee Heikamp and her baby were residing at the Anduhyaun shelter that services Aboriginal women fleeing abuse during the time of his death. Jordan Heikamp had starved to death, weighing only 4 pounds, 4 ounces less than what he weighed at his pre-mature birth, in May 1997; a photograph shown to witnesses at the inquest revealed the corpse of the baby who was little more than a skeleton.
Nimi Feghabo is an Atlanta-based consultant in Capgemini’s Custom Software Development service line. She has worked and acquired knowledge in many different industries spanning from Accounting to the Legal Industry. She brings significant leadership experience along with a proven track record. Prior to Capgemini, she has had experience in various industries which include legal, manufacturing, and international professional services. Her contributions include software implementation, ERP development, and facilitating changes. Through these projects, she has gained valuable insight and is able to develop transformative solutions into an effective facilitation strategy.
...bsessive-compulsive disorder: An examination of outcome and mediators of change. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 81(3), 415-428. doi:10.1037/a0031865
Obsessive-compulsive disorder has been classified as a type of anxiety disorder under DSM-5, in which there is a presence of obsessions, compulsions or both. Obsessions are defined as “intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate,” while compulsion are the thought or actions that accompany these obsessions to try to suppress and provide relief. (TEXTBOOK) The obsessions are categorized into four major types, and each is linked with a certain pattern of compulsive behaviors.
For a person to be diagnosed with OCD, they need to have both an obsession and a compulsion. An obsession is best defined as recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are experienced during the disturbance as intrusive and unwanted. While compulsions are defined by: repetitive behaviours such as hand washing, ordering, checking in which the person feels they feel strongly compelled to perform in response to their obsession The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The most empirically sound method of treatment is called Exposure response prevention (Himle & Franklin, 2009). This will be the psychological method of treatment discussed.
The Boy who couldn’t stop Washing written by DR. Judith Rapoport, published by Penguin books in 1989, containing 292 pages, deals with obsessive compulsive disorder. Dr. Rapoport is a psychiatrist who specializes in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In this, book she reveals new drug treatments, new methods in diagnosis and behaviorist therapies. This is done through the study of her patients and their disorders. Rapoport has revealed this secret disease and hopes to bring and understanding about it to all that may suffer from it and to anyone who may want to be informed. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in learning about OCD. It may help those who face this disease everyday of their lives, and make them realize they are not alone. Also will aid in those who do not know much about this disease and give them and understanding and be aware that it surrounds us.
This case paper is about Lucinda, a 20-year old single female, who suffers from the Cleaning/Contamination Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) condition since she was very young. She is characterized by intrusive thoughts, images, and/or impulses that cause distress (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors that are performed to neutralize these intrusions (Coles, Schofield & Pietrefesa, 2006), i.e. her repetitive cleaning and washing behaviors. Her anxiety became so excessive that it interfered with her daily life. She perceived that some undesirable object(s), in this case the germs, were still on the things that she will come in contact with, even after she had repeatedly washing and/or cleaning them. Her anxiety further degraded both her social and occupational functioning, which resulted in considerable impacts to herself, her friends and family. In additions, her anxiety also caused her not be able to function to her fullest potential academically and to socialize with her friends and family as much as she wanted to.
Imagine how much trash and waste people discard in their lifetimes. Now imagine a person living in that waste they have accumulated in their lifetime stored in their own homes because of their inability to discard the useless items. This is what day-to-day life is like for a compulsive hoarder. Compulsive hoarding is a chronic behavioral syndrome that is defined by a person's extreme retention of useless items and crippling inability to discard such items. Compulsive hoarding has been traditionally recognized amongst psychiatrists and researchers in human behavior as a sub-type of obsessive-compulsive disorder due to similar symptoms hoarders have with those that suffer from OCD. However, there is substantial evidence that proves contrary. Hoarders often have several other behavioral or physical symptoms that are not typical of a person with OCD, hoarders also have genetic and physical anomalies different from OCD, and finally, most compulsive hoarders do not respond to treatments intended for OCD patients. Because of these differences, compulsive hoarding should be seen as a separate syndrome apart from OCD, so that the disorder may be categorized and studied accurately in order to pursue more effective treatments.
undiagnosed. Patients obsessively wash, check something or hoard things to relieve themselves of an overwhelming anxiety, and are fully aware their behavior is abnormal. This research studies a 23-year-old married woman who sought treatment for a severe washing and cleaning problem and how the patient was treated. I will discuss how the patient was diagnosed, and treated with a form of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy or CBT (exposure and response treatment) and what medications can be used for treatment.
Many American citizens may be familiar with the medical term Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), but do they truly know what it means and also distinguish some frequent signs and symptoms, OCD can be defined as “a type of anxiety disorder involving the repeated occurrence of obsessions and/or compulsions” (Navid, 2003, p.572). Navid (2003) goes as far as to characterize obsession as nagging, intrusive thoughts the person feels they have no control over. With reference to compulsion, a repetitive set of behaviors or routine an individual feels obligated to fulfill over and over. An example would be the feeling of germs violating the exterior of one’s body which causes them to react by constantly re- showering or vigorously washing their hands (Navid, 2003). There are endless possibilities of “rituals” that one performs under this mental disorder. To proceed further into the realm of this affliction component such as age and gender also play a role in how Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder affects the life of an individual.
Children and adults who received abuse cope with the trauma in different ways, but sometimes this coping displays in the form of severe side effects. One specific side effect of trauma is a disorder called Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. OCD, while common in many adults, can vary in its extremity. The disorder presents mildly, or in severely affected adults, features melt downs over a minuscule disarray. In a scholarly study written by Audrey Tyrka, Margaret Wyche, and Linda Carpenter, titled Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Personality Disorder Symptoms, the authors state that out of 105 studied individuals who suffered trauma early in life, 11.25% of the patients suffered from severe OCD and control issues (Tyrka, Wyche and Carpenter).The article
However, biological studies have shown that “changes in the brain caused by an infection may predispose a person to develop OCD” Another possible caused for OCD is an unbalanced, or low levels of serotonin. (Causes of Obsessive – Compulsive Disorder, p. 365). There are multiple ways to treat OCD, one psychological way is by Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). (As stated by Gellatly and Molloy (2014) the goal of CBT is to change or reduce a person’s maladaptive behaviour. The behavioural method may include “testing irrational thoughts and graded exposure to feared situations.” (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy p.6) For example, an OCD individual may try to avoid their obsession, so the psychologist may expose them to their obsession. The Cognitive method is used to alter their maladaptive behaviours to change their way of thinking. The methods could be keeping a diary and writing their inappropriate thoughts, and behaviours when they occur and how often). According to Gellatly and Molloy (2014) an effective CBT for OCD individuals is exposure and response prevention (ERP). The basis of this therapy is to expose them to their fear which is the thoughts and images that produces their anxiety, in other words their obsession, the therapy exposed to them to their obsession gradually, first starting with a situation
The person develops rituals or obsessions that they need to complete before they move on with their day. In most cases, the person does not enjoy their obsessions but relieves the anxiety that would come with not doing it. For example, a person may become obsessed with turning on and off a light switch five times before they leave the house. The person knows it is a waste of time, but they cannot stop themselves from doing it without feeling immense anxiety. By switching the lights five times, the person will be sure that they did it and it relieves the fear of leaving the light on. While symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder will vary from person to person depending on their obsession, common signs are constant, unwanted thoughts and same doing the same rituals repeatedly to calm themselves down. Research believes that OCD can run in families, and is mostly detected in childhood or teenage years. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder can be treated the same way as most mental illnesses: therapy or medication. A common therapy technique is called Exposure and Response Prevention. In this technique, a person is exposed to their fear or obsession, and then is not allowed to complete the action they normally would with it. This successfully shows the person that nothing bad will happen if they do not give into their obsessions. People with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder may also be prescribed anti-anxiety medications or antidepressants to relieve the stress and anxiety that comes with living with