Based off of the human continuum scale, Mali should be placed as an empire because of their accomplishments as an empire during the ruling of Mansa Musa. According to source 2, sheet 2 (B), Mansa Musa was the greatest Muslim king of the Sahel. Complexity in the empire was shown in Mali’s history when Mansa Musa moved the capital to Timbuktu, allowing Mali to be in complete control of all important trade routes. This resulted in the economy and trade prospering tremendously, especially in their salt and gold trade. All of the prosperity in the empire was due to the king, Mansa Musa, who led his empire to be the richest and wealthiest empire Africa had ever seen. Moving the capital to Timbuktu and ruling the trade routes wasn’t the only impact Mansa Musa had on Mali.
According to source 4, sheet 4 (B), there was no conflicts between the people of Mali, which resulted in them to be able to come together to advance their society in things like technology, education, and economy. When most people think of Mali they instantly think of their amazing trade routes and their growing economy, but never really the people of Mali. Along with valuing the Islamic religion (the religion their king, Mansa Musa, followed) the people really valued education. According to source 1, sheet 5 (B), they made Qur’anic schools where children went to learn basic reading skills and the meaning of the Qur’an, which demonstrates that they wanted their kids to be able to grow up and understand their values and beliefs of their religion, also they wanted their children to be able to read and write. Children went to schools where religion and education, two very important factors to a complex society, were connected to help them learn. Overall, Mali was an empire because of its magnificent ruler, Mansa Musa, their significant impact on increasing the value of education and religion, and their wonderful people who wanted to
Document three explains the rich and powerful and fierce people Ghana. It was an extremely complex empire with many characteristics of a powerful nation. It had a strong army that had been armed with advanced weapons for its time, and it controlled the land and military forces of the Arabs and the Wangara. In addition, document six explains the strength of the people in Mali. Its sultan shows no mercy whatsoever to anyone who is guilty of some of the smallest crimes. A sultan is a Muslim sovereign. This shows that even if someone does a small crime and is convicted guilty for it they will get no mercy and will still get a harsh punishment, its people showed no favoritism or humanity to anyone These two documents explain the strengths of the people in African empires, kingdoms, and cities along with their military
African society used bodies of water such as the Nile, the Red Sea, and many more to transport goods across the continent and generate profit. For example, the city of “Aksum reached its height between 325-360. Aksum’s location made it an important international trading center.” After analyzing the map of trade routes in Document 1, it is clear Aksum was strategically built to have ties to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. These two bodies of water give the city the freedom to import and export goods. Additionally, this work of trade did not come without reward. Cities who succeeded in the business became overly wealthy and had surpluses of gold and other riches. A king, Mansa Mansa, who expanded the Mali kingdom to be twice the size of Ghana, was not afraid to show his wealth as he showered other cities in riches out of generosity. In Cairo, Egypt, “there was no person, officer of the court, or holder of any office of the Sultanate who did not receive a sum of gold from him.” This is just one of the many examples of wealth in african cities and empires. What is impressive is the fact that before European trade became an influence, African people had already created a successful and very profitable system of
There was also a Kingdom called Mali that broke off from the Ghana Empire. At this time they had embraced the religion of Islam and had been under the great rule of Mansa Musa. This empire had the job of protecting the caravans or shipments carrying the goods, so that they can trade. They helped towards the function of trade so that both the importer and exporter gained something. In document 3 it explains how their wealth was great because of their trade. The document also talks about the fact that they had exhibited the characteristics of an advanced divination like sufficient food to feed its people, a strong army equipped with advanced weapons and income derived from taxes. Even though the Mali Empire had wealth there was very little corruption if there was with the ruler. He did not go mad with power but he was generous. In document four it states they there was no person who did not receive a sum of gold from him.
He decided to improve the status of his land on his arrival from a pilgrimage from Mecca in 1324. Furthermore, he transformed his trading city of Timbuktu to a center of learning and religion and built a mass, which set a new style of architecture in West Africa. “Caravans of Gold” underlines the importance of Timbuktu because it concentrated on African scholarship, politics, teaching theology, and Islamic law. Timbuktu was a significant place in Africa during this time because it became a market right after and made a profit for the region. Likewise, it was a religious, cultural, and profitable center whose people traveled north across the Sahara through Morocco and Algeria to other parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia. According to The History of Africa, “Because of his devotion to Islam, Mansa Musa strengthened Islam and promoted education, trade, and commerce in Mali” (Asante, 2014, pg. 135). It was a successful center for the trans-Saharan gold and salt trade and grew as the center of Islam. This statement launches the truth that Timbuktu supported Islamic values and knowledge because it was a city most well-known for the education of important scholars whose backgrounds were of Islam. Asante supports the fact that Mansa Musa was effective in reforming the city of Timbuktu and the trade in that area. Asante also states that “Musa did not forget the control of the gold and salt; it was fundamental for the
things up; reaching greater mass. Thus, if anything spreads in social media, it’s a big news. It’s a medium where everyone is a content creator, a publisher. Social media comes first to rescue, in certain cases, before the law can do anything - or when the law has failed to anything. As much as this is true for present issues and incidents, the social media is also revealing the information about Komagata Maru journey, a historic racism incident. Some sources are showing reality of racism against the Indians in which some are writing and making their own views, some sources shows opposition and some shows favour.
Greatness is nothing more than a vague idea with the understanding that someone has achieved a level of success, admiration, or inspiration that has significances upon our ideas and values. The issue with greatness is it can be misleading and applied to people and situations that when looked back upon or seen from a different light are not elements we want to see mixed in with the development of these ideas or values. Ignatius of Loyola has these characterizes where when viewed as parts and sections it presents itself with concepts that would appear to be of greatness, but truly strengths of guise revealed to be mere illusions and nonsensical strengths and characteristics.
In the novel Shabanu, by Suzanne Fisher Staples, women are portrayed in two distinct ways: obedient and rebellious. The obedient women would include Phulan, Mama, and Auntie. Rebellious women would consist of Sharma, Fatima, and, of course, Shabanu.
What if World War II was won by the Nazi party? In the book The Man in the High Castle, by Philip K. Dick, he gives three different plots of what would happen in the perspective of several different people. One of the plots is a German spy named Baynes tries to give information to a Japanese spy, while he barely succeeds. Another plot is of two men named Frank Frink and Ed in their fight for business against Wyndam-Matson. The final plot is about a woman named Juliana Frink and a Nazi assassin named Joe go on a road trip to meet a book author but end up having Juliana kill Joe. Though the plots show a theme of society and class, each person has their own view on civilization.
I am the Messenger by Markus Zusak had me sitting on the edge of me seat and anticipating every scene. Many of Zusak’s books detail characters living beyond limitations set upon them by themselves or by others, and I am the Messenger is no different. In The Book Thief, a foster girl breaks the law of Nazi Germany so that she can continue her passion of reading, and in Underdog, two brothers are seen as dirty boys on the same level of dogs until they are given the chance to show their value and change this view. In I am the Messenger a major theme is that everyone can achieve more than they or other, think they are capable of. The book opens on an exciting note with a failing bank robbery, the unlikely hero, is the main character Ed Kennedy. Despite being a normal, boring taxi driver, Ed receives the Ace of Diamonds in the mail and is sent on a mission that changes the
By the late 14th century, and early into the 15th century, disputes over territories and succession began to weaken Mali. In 1460, Gao, one of the great trading cities within the Kingdom of Mali, became the capital of the West African Kingdom of Songhai. For 200 years, the Kingdom of Mali was the center of wealth in North Africa, its governing style allowing for growth, peace and prosperity. Sundiata and Mansa Musa were rulers who were made great strides in society and education, but like all Empires, they rise and fall.
The name Akasha derives from the Hindu culture, and is a noun because it is referring to an entity or a Spirit of being. The actual root form of the name Akasha is from Sanskrit, “kāś meaning: "to be visible"” (Wikipedia). Among the many spiritual cultures Akasha is connected with, it is no surprise that in nearly every sprititual culture she is in she is associated with division. So for Pagans to the four separate elements and culminate into one Spirit is a rather cathartic beauty in itself. What is even more poetic in the realism that is Akasha is that her Spirit of division can be considered an actual plane of existence, a “Heaven” for lack of a better word. As I was researching the name Akasha, many sites had the same information (basically what I have already shared, so far), but as I was reading the Wikipedia article on Akasha I came across some other terms I was not familiar with. Theosophy. This is a philosophy based on nature and the mysteries surrounding us within nature its self. Theosophy literally means “Divine Wisdom”, and many Theosophists believe
So why does all of these accomplishments matter? What makes Wangari Maathai such an important figure in the world of sustainability? Maathai represents a leader in environmental activism and sustainability in agriculture that can be used as a vehicle for community engagement. This is exactly what happened when she initiated the Greenbelt movement. Because agriculture and sustainability can be a tool to engage the local community and to participate in how their environment works can also aid in fostering a community in pride. An example of how community engagement worked can be seen through this quote from Maathai’s book Unbowed. “After the women had planted seedlings on their farms, I suggested that they go to surrounding areas and convince
Our lives are fast paced and filled with choices. We rarely reflect on our decisions and their consequences. Some feel satisfied with dismissing this reflection and choosing to hide whatever psychological wound and letting it build from afar. However, Haruki Murakami, in Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage, argues that deep understanding oneself and self-confidence requires one to confront truths about themselves and the world around them, or else self-doubt will consume them. Murakami accomplishes this by playing around with the genres of coming-of-age and literary realism, presenting contrasting ideas of Tsukuru’s self-worth, using Tsukuru’s journey to exemplify his argument and give insight to people’s capabilities through
Wadi Al-Salaam cemetery, located in Najaf, Iraq, is the world’s largest cemetery measuring 917 hectares. The cemetery, dated more than 1400 years ago is estimated to hold approximately five million bodies and continues to receive hundreds of bodies every year making it second to no other in the world.
Ayurveda is the science of knowledge, which has been practiced for more than 5000 years. Ayurveda further states that, every person is made up of five basic elements or the Pancha Mahabhuta- which includes; earth, air, water, fire and space (ether), which reside in every person in such a way that they determine his physical and mental traits and shape their overall personality.