MIDI for beginners
Background
The acronym MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A
Musical Instrument is a machine that makes sounds which humans have
decided to call music. Digital means information that is encoded in
numerical form, i.e. numbers, while Interface means a machine which
facilitates communication between two or more systems.
In practical terms, MIDI is a standard way for all sorts of modern
musical equipment to talk to each other. This equipment commonly
consists of things like keyboards, computer sequencers, synthesisers,
and samplers, but it also includes mixers, tape recorders, effects
generators, guitars, drum kits, wind instruments etc.
The MIDI Standard was designed in the early 80's by a partnership
between Roland and Sequential Circuits, two of the largest synthesiser
manufactures of the time. This came about because of pressure from
keyboard players, who wanted a universal interface standard for all
their synthesisers to comply to. They were fed up with different
synthesiser corporations using their own communications standard which
were incompatible with those of other corporations.
After the publication of the MIDI standard in 1984, other musical
equipment manufactures quickly began to implement it in the designs of
their products and MIDI became a world wide standard.
A major advantage of MIDI over old analogue interface standards, such
as CV (Control Voltage), is that it is possible to transfer up to
sixteen channels of data down one cable, as opposed to CV's one
channel per cable.
Another major advantage of MIDI is that it enables computers equipped
with MIDI to be used to write music and control musical equipment.
This is done with programs called sequencers. They can give a very
high degree of control over music, impossible through conventional
means.
Another advantage of MIDI is that it is now a world wide standard,
insuring that practically all professional electronic music equipment
will be compatible with it.
Having sixteen channels to transfer MIDI data can also be a limitation
when you want to use more than sixteen channels. However, this problem
can be got around by using two or more midi interfaces each giving
sixteen channels.
Another limitation of MIDI is that you can not use it to transfer real
time digital audio.
MIDI information is transferred by sending a digital signal down a
wire from one system to another. This digital data takes the form of
binary numbers, physically transferred by sending zero volts for zero
or off and plus five volts for one or on.
Certain binary numbers convey certain types of information, for
example a certain binary number will tell the device that a note on a
keyboard has been pressed. This is called a note on event and the
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