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Research studies related to group dynamics
Group decision making case study
Organizational behavior abstract
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In our 6th seminar, we were arranged into groups to complete a “Wilderness Survival Exercise”, this activity consisted of 6 group members making logical group decisions that were impacted by motivation of others, and organizational behavior of members in the group. In summary, this exercise included a group of campers that were travelling along a river stream with their canoes, and all of their supplies, when suddenly they encounter some rapids, which lead to the group of 6 campers falling out and canoes being destroyed. Therefore, this led to most of their supplies and necessities being destroyed, or ruined. Prior to reading the case scenario, we had to form a group of 6 members discussing about what items are more of a necessity for survival than others. After gathering 5 other members, my group an I then went through 1st step in the 5 stages of group development, forming; in which we got to know each other. Throughout the forming process the group members and I went through the 3 main concepts of active listening. Sensing, by letting to the group members speak without interruption and maintaining interest, responding by showing interest to the speaker and, evaluating by organizing information and providing feedback. With that being stated, we were given a selected amount of items to choose from and which of these 14 items would be more valuable for survival. Individually we selected the items that we felt were more useful for survival, and listed them in ascending order from which we felt were most valuable to least valuable. Next we got together as a group to discuss what we felt were the most important items for survival and had to come up with a list as a group. Everyone contributing to the group decision is where we foun... ... middle of paper ... ...s to the answer. Kelly’s theory of casual attributes was used when making perception of other members in the group because similar individuals acted the same in the past, or behaved the same in the past by showing no interest in the work. Equity theory was also assured when individuals felt as if their input were never obligated to the decision or if they are being treated fairly. This took place when a certain individual in the group was always providing his opinion but it was never the answer he felt as if his beliefs were always neglected, in which he always compared him to others in the group. In my opinion, I felt that this exercise revealed to us that it isn’t easy making decision in groups, and it could be very difficult. Furthermore it provided us with social and behavioral perceptions to shows us how we use them without even acknowledging it.
Turman, P. (October 13, 2000b). Group Decision Making & Problem Solving: Group Communication [Lecture] Cedar Falls, IA. University of Northern Iowa, Communication Studies Department.
Lastly, with dealing with groups there are many task group techniques and concepts that are associated. For example, there are four active listening techniques that are effective for macro practice. The research states that the four techniques are charting, balloons, dolphins, and parking lot. As previously stated, my group used the balloon analogy when brainstorming for many tasks. We also used the Dolphin analogy. The Dolphin analogy is defined as acknowledging and validating every idea and then move on. It is referred to dolphin or whale watching where you will identify the mammal (acknowledge), take pictures (validate), and then move one. This analogy was conveyed in the third task where we had to create a song. While brainstorming a song,
In 1972, Irving Janis presented a set of hypothesis that he extracted from observing small groups performing problem solving tasks; he collectively referred to these hypotheses as groupthink¹. He defined groupthink as “a quick and easy way to refer to a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members’ striving for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action²” A successful group brings varied ideas, collective knowledge, and focus on the task at hand. The importance of groups is to accomplish tasks that individuals can not do on their own. The Bay of Pigs, Watergate, and the Challenger disaster are all forms of failure within a group. Specifically, you can see the effect of groupthink of Americans before September 11, 2001. The thought of harm to the United States was unfathomable, but only after the attacks did they realize they were not invincible. When a solid, highly cohesive group is only concerned with maintaining agreement, they fail to see their alternatives and any other available options. When a group experiences groupthink, they may feel uninterested about a task, don't feel like they will be successful, and the group members do not challenge ideas. Stress is also a factor in the failure of groupthink. An effective group needs to have clear goals, trust, accountability, support, and training. Some indicators that groupthink may be happening are; making unethical decisions, they think they are never wrong, close-minded about situations, and ignore important information. Many things can be done to prevent groupthink from happening. One way is to make each person in the group a “critical evaluator”. The leader must ...
There are eight symptoms of groupthink. The first symptom is when all or most of the group view themselves as invincible which causes them to make decisions that may be risky. The group has an enormous amount of confidence and authority in their decisions as well as in themselves. They see themselves collectively better in all ways than any other group and they believe the event will go well not because of what it is, but because they are involved. The second symptom is the belief of the group that they are moral and upstanding, which leads the group to ignore the ethical or moral consequences of the decisions. The group engages in a total overestimation of its morality. There is never any question that the group is not doing the right thing, they just act. The disregarding of information or warnings that may lead to changes in past policy is the third symptom. Even if there is considerable evidence against their standpoint, they see no problems with their plan. Stereotyping of enemy leaders or others as weak or stupid is the fourth symptom. This symptom leads to close-mindedness to other individuals and their opinions. The fifth symptom is the self-censorship of an individual causing him to overlook his doubts. A group member basically keeps his mouth shut so the group can continue in harmony. Symptom number six refers to the illusion of unanimity; going along with the majority, and the assumption that silence signifies consent. Sometimes a group member who questions the rightness of the goals is pressured by others into concurring or agreeing, this is symptom number seven. The last symptom is the members that set themselves up as a buffer to protect the group from adverse information that may destroy their shared contentment regarding the group’s ...
This experiment was originally tested by Muzafer Sherif is a famous social psychologist who worked on understanding groups and their members. This experiment is to test his Realistic Conflict Theory. The Realistic Conflict Theory studies, “group conflict, negative prejudices, and stereotypes as being the result of competition between groups for desired resources” (McLeod). This study of group conflict and cooperation shows how groups favor their own members, and how in group conflict can be resolved by groups working together on a common task that neither group can complete without the help of the other group. This is proven in this experiment when two groups have to work together to solve a given problem.
The boys first showed that when humans are put together with strangers to work towards a common goal they will form groups with roles in order to work together better and more efficiently. This was shown from the formation of the two groups The Eagles and The Rattlers. The boys then showed that when put into a competition with another group that tension and rivalry would be sewn between the competing groups. This was illustrated through the actions the groups made against each other like destroying each others flags. The groups then showed that when faced with a common issue they could come together and work towards fixing the problems at hand. The boys showed that this was possible when they worked towards the common goal of fixing the water supply. The significance of this experiment exhibits that the cooperation of a group functioning towards a shared goal can do so much into solving the conflict peacefully as to a dysfunctional
Engleberg, I., Wynn, D., & Schuttler, R., (2003). Working in Groups: Communication Principles and Strategies (3rd ed.) Boston: Houghton- Mifflin. pp. 146- 170.
In week 7 our seminar leader allocated us into smaller groups of six to work together, get together and to start preparing for the mock debate in week 9 and the debate in week 10. When we started to get alone with each other, it was seen that it is not going to be easy to achieve our goals, not just because in our group had a strong activist, reflector, theorist and pragmatist, but we also needed to face some solvable difficulties as our first meeting of the week was cancelled by problem like the lack of communication, miscommunication and the ability to listen to another.
Weakness of group decision making include that group decision are time-consuming because with a group a people there are many opinions, taking more time to reach a solution. In a group decision, people may feel pressure to conform their solution. Another possible disadvantage is that it can lead to a diffusion of responsibility. Boundless states “group decisions can make it easier for member to deny personal responsibility and blame others for bad decisions” (Boundless,
...am C compromised and agreed on the provisions rank of importance. Individuals were not upset or uncooperative if an item was not listed as they thought, but rather advised the group that if an item was not ranked 3, that they felt it should be ranked 4 or 5 and the reason and the group would compromise and rank the item accordingly. The Salt Tablets were an item that was unknown to the group. Therefore, the Salt Tablets were rank last due to the group’s decision of its “unknown” use. Consensus was it was better to not use the item at all then to use it and it have a negative effect in our survival. At the end or our ranking of the provisions, Team C concluded that the items were ranked so that all members were satisfied. All members’ consensus was that things were close in the ranking, but each individual member agreed they were satisfied with the group’s rankings.
In order to evaluate my role within the group, it is important to identify what makes a group. A group must firstly consist of more than three members, “Two members have personal relationships; with three or more there is a change in quality” of the personal relationship. (Bion 1961, p26) The group must have a common purpose or a goal in order to succeed. Having now completed my group work task, I can look back and reflect upon the process that my group went through to get to the presentation end point.
From the beginning, where we were unfamiliar with each other and became a team, my team and I had started to learn each other name and getting to know each other. Throughout each meeting, we slowly start to feel more comfortable and open minded with each other. Not only are we getting familiar with each other, each meeting that was held we progress of becoming an effective team member, we learn our strengths and weaknesses of everyone. During the meetings, we learn many concepts from the textbook, “Communicating in Small Groups: Principles and Practices” by Steven A. Beebe and John T. Masterson. We were able to learn different types of concept in the textbook and utilized it as a team to complete certain tasks. The three concepts that impacted my team and I are human
This not only relates to the overall idea of the individual’s actions based on group influence but also alludes to the sub idea of the group of the classroom and how the individual does not want to be seen as lesser by giving a wrong answer. In doing this the group influences the individual to go along with the main idea of the group. In this experiment when given three lines to decide which one is more closely related to the original line it was found that the individual, that was part of the experimental group, would often pick the wrong answer to go along with the group (Baron, 2012). The influence stems from the group all choosing the wrong answer then the individual begins to believe that there is something wrong with the answer they had originally chosen due to the fact that the group overall has made a majority answer. The group itself can present tangible influence when they look to the individual to answer. That moment when the group looks toward the individual is where the influence becomes more concrete and the individual’s own beliefs begin to waiver because they believe that perhaps they are wrong and the group is correct
Working in groups is challenging at times. Other times it is very rewarding. We are so focused on life that we do not take time to reflect on things as much as we should. Being in a Groups class has opened my eyes to a whole new world. I have begun to question, explore, and even understand how things work. I even get how they work sometimes. Not only is there a process involved in making individual decisions, process is involved in group decisions as well. This paper attempts give insight into my reflection of my group decision process.
It is actually like the example in the notes; I was in an elevator and two people came in and turn backward like not the normal way people stand in an elevator. I just stood there like, “what are you doing?” I was so confused. Then one more person came into the elevator and did the same and by that point I turned around too. One person got off and another on and they at first stood the normal way, but then looked around and also turned. It will always be something I will remember because the fact it is so simple of a change but it felt so wrong to do at the same time. Before taking this class I never thought that could have been an experiment to see what people would do. I kind of want to try it myself to get reactions from people. When they say that groups are powerful influences they aren’t kidding. I could probably think of many more things that I’ve been influenced on by