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Shift work effects on law enforcement officers
Shift work effects on law enforcement officers
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Studies have shown that those who experience longer shift lengths suffer from various ailments at a much higher rate, such as: pain, numbness, aching, and stiffness of the musculoskeletal. Longer shift lengths tend to lead to more fatigue in officers due to the high demand of police work and very little down time between shifts. On average, those working 12 our shift lengths got six and a half hours of sleep a night (Amendola, Weisburd, Hamilton, Jones, & Slipka, 2011). Six and a half hours is well below the daily-recommended hours of sleep and paired with a high demanding job, fatigue takes its tolls on the officers.
The shifts of a police officer are never steady, as opposed to firefighters who work a standard 24-hour shift (Basinka & Wiciak, 2012). Though 24 hours seems like a long shift, much of that time is spent sleeping, cooking, or working out. On the contrary, police officers are generally very busy from the start to the end of their shifts. Though firefighters have a very stressful job, they also have more downtime to recuperate than police officers. A
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Studies have shown that long; rotating shifts lead to fatigue and after long periods can lead to burnout (Amendola et al., 2011). Sleep deprivation from long shifts is a major contributor to burnout in police officers. When officers go to work already tired, not only do they not react as fast in critical situations, but also they lose desire for the job in general. Likewise, research found that those on 12-hour shifts had greater difficulty communicating between different rotations, resulting in added stress due to lack of knowledge about what was going on (Amendola et al., 2011). When passion is lost, officers cannot sufficiently serve the public (Basinka & Wiciak, 2012). Burnout is a dangerous condition that officers succumb to everyday, and without proper counseling can cost officers their
There has been many controversies in many patrol stations here at the Houston Police Department regarding a 10 hours shift called “power shift”. When I first start off my career as a patrolman, I had the opportunity to either choose an 8 hour or 10 hour shift. The difference between those two shifts are the days off. For instance, an officer who works an 8 hour shift will have a two days weekend, and officers who works a 10 hour shift will have a three day weekend. Some supervisors believe having power shifts is an advantage because it overlaps all three shifts (e.g. days, evenings, nights), in terms of relieving officers during shift change. Some officers hate getting dispatched to a late call especially when their shift ends in about 15 minutes. Power shift officers will pick up the slack and relief 8 hour shift officers so they can end their tour of duty. Power shifts will also save divisions money.
In 2011 The Joint Commission called attention to healthcare worker fatigue and the impact it was having on patient safety. They found a direct link between healthcare worker fatigue and adverse events. They recommended healthcare facilities assessed their policies to identify fatigue-related risks, such as off-shift hours and consecutive shift work, and review their staffing to address areas that may be contributing to nurse fatigue (Martin, 2015).
A considerable amount of literature has been published on the impact of working hours (8 vs. 12 hour shifts) on fatigue among the nurses. These studies revealed that twelve-hour shifts increase the risk of fatigue, reduce the level of alertness and performance, and therefore reduce the safety aspect compared to eight-hour shifts (Mitchell and Williamson, 1997; Dorrian et al., 2006; Dembe et al., 2009; Tasto et al., 1978). Mills et al. (1982) found that the risk of fatigues and performance errors are associated with the 12-hour shifts. Beside this, Jostone et al. (2002) revealed that nurses who are working for long hours are providing hasty performance with increased possibility of errors.
The impact of rotating shift work on police officers in terms of fatigue, increased stress, and other long term medical problems cannot be overstated. In 2011, an in-depth research project, “Sleep disorders, health, and safety in police officers” (JAMA, 2011), was conducted involving a group of North American police officers in regards to the sleep disorders and the health and safety of the officers participating. The study involved 4,957 officers that worked rotating shifts over a period of approximately two years. The findings were startling and revealed that 3,930 officers (79.3%) were overweight or obese. Another 40.7% tested positive for at least one (1) sleep disorder and the majority of those that tested positive for a disorder had not previously been diagnosed with any sleep condition. 28.5% of the officers reported excessive sleepiness during the study while another 45.9% of the officers reported falling asleep at the wheel at least one (1) to two (2) times a month. Participants were also found to exhibit other adverse work related issues such as displaying uncontrolled anger at suspects and increased rates of absenteeism. The study concluded that, “sleep disorders were common and were significantly associated with increased risk of self-reported adverse health, performance, and safety outcomes” (JAMA, 2011, p. 2). Participants involved in the study reported higher levels of citizen complaints against officers that tested positive for sleep disorders. According to some research, the increase in complaints may be attributed to the fact that officers suffering from excessive sleepiness may be unable to “govern appropriate behavioral responses to negative emotional stimuli” based on their levels of fatigue (JAMA, 2011, p....
Tracy, S.J. (2003). Correctional contradictions: A structural approach to addressing officer burnout. Corrections Today, 65(2), 90-95.
the psychological health of police, fire, and ambulance officers.” International Journal of Stress Management, Vol. 11, pp. 227-44.
The law enforcement officers suffer quite more job-associated stress than the people living in the community. Many have had to realize that the nature of the profession itself may be exposing officers to the increased levels of stressors. In essence, job-associated stress is among the major health concerns of the law enforcement community, and this is because it can have some impact on the physical, mental and emotional well-being of the officers. The difference in the stressors between the law enforcement personnel and other individuals is the fact that, the enforcement officials get to interact with the human population that are quite angry, upset or even uncooperative, in which case it takes some toll on
Police stress is viewed as a structural problem that is amongst the police culture (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). The argument made is that the working environment causes the stress. Even though a police officers job is not as dangerous officers still determine the danger as a source of stress. Police stress can be split up in to three sources: occupation, job-related and external stress (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Just the thought of the job gives officers stress. Job-related circumstances such as responding to calls can also create stress. Finally, external sources such as personal stress can all lead to an officer being highly
First, stress in the lives of police officers often result in poor performance from sleep deprivation and panic. Sleep deprivation is one effect that stress can have on officers. The fatigue that stress causes can very literally kill the affected officer. Many times, officers hold anxiety inside them. When they are in bed, they are oftentimes let alone to think, which leads to many “racing thoughts” and “what if’s” (Koeling). Thinking about such things can keep officers awake for hours, leaving them fatigued and sleep-deprived when they report for work the next day. More causes of sleep deprivation are due to stressful, long shifts and odd hours (Casey). As a third-shift security guard for four years, Carl Koeling has had his share of sleep deprivation. In a recent interview, he said that when he stood a sleep-deprived watch, he remembers feeling “lightheaded and woozy” (Koeling). As a psychologist for thirty-eight years, Koeling also knows that fatigue caused by stress can also affect officers’ judgement, balance, and physical health (Koeling). It is vital that these three things be working properly for those in law enforcement, as the work they do often depends on good decision-making, decent balance, and high levels of physical fitness and well-being (Miller “Law Enforcement”). Panic is another effect that stress can have on police officers.
Burnout is termed as the exhaustion of an individual’s overall well-being. To put it simply, it is experienced when there is too much stress, generally in the work environment. This leads to emotional, mental, and physical strain, making it difficult for one to perform his or her job proficiently (Ericksen, 2015). Adriaenssens (2015) indicates, that burnout impacts emotional aspect the most. In correlation with nursing, negative effects of this ordeal include poor patient outcomes, and compromised safety for both patient and nurse. Evidently, these are precipitating factors that contribute to the deterioration of the healthcare system stemming from the direct and indirect damage that
Notably, having higher proportions of nurses working shorter shifts—8–9 hours or 10–11 hours—resulted in decreases in patient dissatisfaction” (Stimpfel et al.). This is essentially saying that the longer the shift length, the more negative outcomes result. This study proves that eight to nine-hour shifts are more effective, and should, in turn, be worked more than longer shifts. This is a problem because hospitals are likely to continue to schedule nurses for twelve hours shifts out of
Burnout has been seen to be a rising problem not just amongst the mental health service sector but this issue has also raised some flags in the public services systems (Awa, Plaumann, & Walter, 2010). Since burnout was first covered in early 1970s, researches focusing on this complex phenomenon over the past four decades have revealed that burnout occurs cross-culturally and is prevalent across a range of professions such as teachers, managers and secretarial workers, and in a variety of fields like education, business, criminal justice, and computer technology (Leiter & Schaufeli, 1996; Stalker & Harvey, 2002).
Officer Carl works a twelve-hour shift which starts from 8:00 clock in the morning to 8:00 clock in the evening, but at times he rotates shifts during the weekend. Officer Carl made me aware that being a police officer was his passion and he does not see himself doing any job than being a police officer. He further explained that helping people, apprehending individuals for a crime and lesson violations on the community and on the road was what makes him happier. Also, he said that the only thing he hates about his job was the lack of sleep, and the long hours shift makes him feels he doesn’t have enough strength and
If you decide to become a Police officer you must be available for shift work at any time of day and any day of the week, including holidays. Some Shifts can be longer than the standard eight-hour office day. The routine of the job can also be dangerous, as well as physically and e...
It is very important to understand sleep to then understand the effects of shift work and to understand how to increase safety. There is very little knowledge about why we need a normal sleep cycle that include sleeping at night, but even less is known about the sleep cycles of those who try to sleep during the day and go to work during the long night. All the studies are not clear about what is the correct amount of sleep is actually required for a healthy lifestyle. As you look there the research there are result that show long natural sleepers and short sleepers have increase in mortality stats.