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Religious influence on society in Latin America
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Liberation Theology
I see [liberation theology] as a 'theology of the people,' rather than of professional theologians; rising out of the cries of the oppressed; refined in the experience of those who may not even be able to read and write; clarified in thousands of base communities; embodied in lives that risk everything to be faithful to the good news that God hears their cry, sides with them in their distress, and works with them for liberation- a liberation in which they play a central role even while recognizing that the ultimate attainment of liberation will be God's gift. (McAfee).
Liberation Theology is a movement within the Catholic religion in Latin America that began around 1973 with the publication of A Theology of Liberation by Peruvian theologian Gustavo Gutierrez (Hadjor). It is a unique theology, because it is one of the people. The Catholic Church in Latin America began with Spanish colonization, and has since become an integral part of the culture. There were many monks and nuns in the Church that aided in grassroots social change. However, the greater institution of the Church- a major landowner in many countries- has sided with oppressive conservative regimes that respect its power. Rather than deny the religion as a result of the oppressive institution, the proponents of liberation theology have claimed the Catholic Church as their own. They claim that Jesus was a radical liberator fighting for the interests of the poor, and that the Church should reflect this.
The best way to present the ideas of liberation theology is to hear the voices of those directly involved:
In the Gospels we discover that God is always on the side of the poorest, the most marginalized, those who don't have any value in s...
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...tical awareness of reality and, in spelling out those thematics, take possession of that reality"(Friere 87). He believes that in the current world system people are oppressed, and denied the ability to create their own reality and live as humans. Also, that "as the oppressed, fighting to be human, take away the oppressor's power to dominate and suppress, they restore to the oppressors the humanity they had lost in the exercise of oppression" (Friere 38).
Works Cited
Brown, Robert McAfee. Gustavo Gutierrez: An Introduction to Liberation Theology. Maryknoll: New York, 1990.
Friere, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Continuum: New York, 1996
Hadjor, Kofi Buenor. The Penguin Dictionary of Third World Terms. Penguin Books: New York, 1993.
Puleo, Mev. The Struggle is One: Voices and Visions of Liberation. State University of New York Press: Albany, 1994.
Our readings from Luke’s Gospel portray those in poverty as the people who will inherit the earth and be by Christ’s side in the kingdom of heaven. In the Gospel of Luke, it states, “Blessed are you who are poor, for the kingdom of God is yours” (6:20). Our readings from scripture paint a picture that suggests that those who are suffering in the world during their lifetime, will be
"Humeral Fracture Following Biceps Tenodesis in a Baseball Pitcher - Mike Reinold." Mike Reinold. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
Independently, as one grows in age, their actions should make a daily reflection to God. In “A Theology of Liberation,” Gutierrez avers that, "The present life is considered to be a test: one’s actions are judged and assessed in relation to the transcendent end. The perspective here is moralistic, and the spirituality is one of flight from this world...
James H. Cone is the Charles A. Briggs Distinguished Professor of Systematic Theology at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. Dr. Cone probably is best known for his book, A Black Theology of Liberation, though he has authored several other books. Dr. Cone wrote that the lack of relevant and “risky” theology suggests that theologians are not able to free themselves from being oppressive structures of society and suggested an alternative. He believes it is evident that the main difficulty most whites have with Black Power and its compatible relationship to the Christian gospel stemmed from their own inability to translate non-traditional theology into the history of black people. The black man’s response to God’s act in Christ must be different from the whites because his life experiences are different, Dr. Cone believes. In the “black experience,” the author suggested that a powerful message of biblical theology is liberation from oppression.
Many debates have been provoked based on President Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The debate is not solely based on the bomb being dropped, but more on the actual necessity and intention of the bomb being dropped.
To choose whether or not it was morally sound to use the atomic bomb, we must first examine the background as to what circumstances it was dropped under. In 1945, American soldiers and civilians were weary from four years of war, yet the Japanese military was refusing to give up their fight. American forces occupied Okinawa and Iwo Jima and intensely fire bombed Japanese cities. But Japan had an army of 2 million strong stationed in the home islands guarding against Allied invasion. After the completion of the Manhattan Project, For Truman, the choice whether or not to use the atomic bomb was the most difficult decision of his life. First, an Allied demand for an immediate unconditional surrender was made to the leadership in Japan. Although the demand stated that refusal would result in total destruction, no mention of any new weapons of mass destruction was made. The Japanese military commander Hideki Tojo rejected the request for unconditional s...
Zissou, Rebecca. "'Freedom Fighters.'" New York Times Upfront. 22 Apr. 2013: eLibrary. Web.1 Oct. 2013.
Black Liberation Theology can be defined as the relationship that blacks have with god in their struggle to end oppression. It sees god as a god of history and the liberator of the oppressed from bondage. Black Liberation theology views God and Christianity as a gospel relevant to blacks who struggle daily under the oppression of whites. Because of slavery, blacks concept of God was totally different from the masters who enslaved them. White Christians saw god as more of a spiritual savior, the reflection of God for blacks came in the struggle for freedom by blacks. Although the term black liberation theology is a fairly new, becoming popular in the early 1960’s with Black Theology and Black Power, a book written by James H. Cone, its ideas are pretty old, which can be clearly seen in spirituals sang by Africans during the time of slavery nearly 400 years ago.# It was through these hymns that black liberation spawned. Although Cone is given credit for “the discovery of black liberation theology,” it’s beliefs can quite clearly be seen in the efforts of men like preacher Nat Turner and his rebellion of slavery in mid 1800’s or Marcus Garvey, one of the first men to “see god through black spectacles” in the early 1900’s. More recently black theology emerged as a formal discipline. Beginning with the "black power" movement in 1966, black clergy in many major denominations began to reassess the relationship of the Christian church to the black community. Black caucuses developed in the Catholic, Presbyterian, and Episcopal churches. "The central thrust of these new groups was to redefine the meaning and role of the church and religion in the lives of black people. Out of this reexamination has come what some have called Bla...
Shoulder impingement is a common injury among athletes or those who have physically demanding jobs. The shoulder impingement occurs as a result of the rotator cuff tendons becoming compressed against the bone. As time progresses, the compression area will become inflamed and swollen. The irritation will create a sensation of pain and limit movement in the shoulder. An expert
Wilkerson, Isabel. "Great Migration: The African-American Exodus North." NPR. National Public Radio, 13 Sept. 2012. Web. 6 May 2014.
Rotator cuff tear – The muscles adjoining the shoulder joint are required for rotating the shoulder, amid other movements. The tendons of these muscles furthermore influence the structural strength of the shoulder joint. Harsh, rapid actions, for example in tennis and baseball, can result in tearing of one of these tendons. This then causes pain as well as a decline in range of motion. Surgery possibly will be necessary to repair a torn
Emmanuel McCall, "Black Liberation Theology: A Politics of Freedom," Review and Expositor 73 (Summer 1976):330; cf. C. Eric Lincoln and Lawrence H. Mamiya, The Black Church in the African American Experience (Durham: Duke University Press, 1990), 352.
seemed fictional to some, non existent to others,and seemed only a dream to those in the science world. That time is long gone.The day that changed all ideas and opinions about what war was and what is has evolved to be was August 6,1945. President Truman had decided to drop the Atomic bomb in order to end the war and save as many lives as possible. The United States had dropped the bomb on Hiroshima in order to end the war almost instantly and avoid bloody invasion, thereby saving both American and Japanese lives. Whether or not to drop the atomic bomb was president Truman’s decision, faced with this decision Truman researched and asked advisors to share their ideas about the bomb and then made the best decision for the American and Japanese people. “ In an invasion of Japan,the fighting would have been more savage, and the number of lives lost on both sides would of been tragic.”(O’Neal 35) The Atomic bomb was essential in helping to put and end to the war and saving lives.
Ethical considerations into the designer babies’ debate are placed on the basis of the effects that the procedure will have on the baby and the society. Families who are able to afford these procedures are few, and this will increase the disparity between the social classes (Ronald, 2007). Further, there will be an effect on the assortment of the gene pool as well as human genetics, which may lead to a...
The central assertion of Calvinism canons is that God is able to save from the tyranny of sin, from guilt and the fear of death, every one of those upon whom he is willing to have mercy. God is not frustrated by the unrighteousness or the inability of men because it is the unrighteous and the helpless that he intends to save. In Calvinism man, in his state of innocency, had freedom and power to will and to do that, which is good and well pleasing to God; but yet mutably, so that he might fall from it. This concept of free choice makes Calvinism to stand supreme among all the religious systems of the world. The great men of our country often were members of Calvinist Church. We had the number of Presbyterian presidents, legislators, jurists, authors, editors, teachers and businessmen. The revolutionary principles of republican liberty and self-government, taught and embodied in ...