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Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor that increases ones chances of developing osteoporosis
Chapter 22 musculoskeletal system
Musculoskeletal system
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Rebecca Prudhomme
Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system is comprised of bones, joints, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fascia and muscles. Together these body parts work to establish a framework that is the musculoskeletal system. This framework is what gives the body its shape, form, and figure. It stabilizes the body as well as supplies the structural support. The musculoskeletal body features not only provide a framework for your body but allows your ability to create movement. These movements are monitored by the musculoskeletal components which then determine your degree of flexibility. Overall the amount of energy your body uses comes almost entirely from these musculoskeletal functions. Which makes sense because it
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Although your teeth are also considered part of your skeletal system, they are not counted as bones. Your teeth consist of enamel and dentin. Enamel is the strongest substance in your body. The main priority of the skeletal system is to provide support for the body. Without bones our body would be in a pile of guts and mush on the floor. Your skeleton furthermore assists to protect your internal organs and fragile body tissues. The brain, eyes, heart, lungs and spinal cord are all sheltered by your …show more content…
Women are at a higher threat of developing osteoporosis when their ovaries discontinue producing estrogen. This is due to the fact that estrogen supports maintaining proper calcium levels in bones. “A collapse of bony vertebrae of the spinal column results in loss of height and stooped posture. Hip fractures are a common occurrence.”
Tendonitis- Repetitive strain on a tendon can aggravate the tendon causing pain, inflammation, and complications with movement involving the muscle. Unfortunately, tendons have an insufficient blood supply; consequently, it takes an extensive time to heal, usually six weeks or more.
Rotator cuff tear – The muscles adjoining the shoulder joint are required for rotating the shoulder, amid other movements. The tendons of these muscles furthermore influence the structural strength of the shoulder joint. Harsh, rapid actions, for example in tennis and baseball, can result in tearing of one of these tendons. This then causes pain as well as a decline in range of motion. Surgery possibly will be necessary to repair a torn
Many factors like patients age, symptoms, size of the tear, and nature of onset (traumatic or degenerative) are responsible for determining the prognosis of the physical therapy treatment 9. Since it’s a partial thickness tear of the rotator cuff, the non-operative treatment is reasonable unlike, a full thickness tear where surgery will be required to treat the patient 9. The patient shows symptoms of moderate irritability without significant functional deficit which makes him a good candidate for conservative treatment 10. The pain reported by the patient is 6/10 so the patient participates well in physical therapy exercise to increase shoulder strength, and flexibility. There was a study done from Finland which asserted that physical therapy alone can produce results which are equal to those produced by arthroscopic surgery and open surgical repair in cases of rotator cuff tears 11. In this case, with three weeks of physical therapy the patient has showed a decrease in pain and reported it as 4/10 on pain rating scale and showed improvements in abduction (140̊) and external rotation (65̊). The MMT for shoulder abduction was 4-/5 and external rotation is still same as
... It is not completely clear how it is that a tendon becomes a ligament, although Dr. Akizuki thinks that range of motion exercises help the tendon learn that it is being used as a ligament now and that it needs to adopt. Surgeons don't go back in to biopsy the repaired elbow to see how the tissue has changed, but follow-up MRIs show that the new tissue is acting as a ligament should.
I should not include estrogen increase osteoblast apoptosis and thereby decreases the onset of osteoporosis. Estrogen promote osteoblast by limiting apoptotic cell death which leads decrease bone fragility and fractures. Estrogen can promote osteoblast viability by increasing osteoblast resistance to apoptosis.
Patient returned the next day still complaining of pain. The PT applied heat, then initiated the exercise program, but the patient could not perform theem to same extent as previously, secondary to pain. Therefore, the PT told the patient to schedule an appointment with his physician. The patient was seen by the MD the next day and an arthrogram performed that revealed a reinjure to the repaired site. And a second surgery repaired the rotator cuff.
Rotator cuff tears are generally categorized as a chronic injury because it takes repetitive wear and tear on the muscles for it to finally inflict pain on the body. Chronic injuries are simply when the pain gradually continues over a long period of time. On the contrary, acute pain is when something happens suddenly and the pain is much more sharp than compared to the dull and long lasting pain of a chronic injury. (Source 3) In sports the biggest reason why an athlete would tear or injure his/her rotator cuff is not because something major happened instantly like a broken bone or a pulled muscle, but because they continued to put stress on these muscles over a certain period in time. The pain signals will stay active in the nervous system for several months. (Source3) Usually this will occur when the certain activity they are doing is perfomed incorrecty or in a harmful way. An example of this would be lifting too heavy of weights or not using proper technique.
During surgery, the new tendon is woven in a figure-eight shape after it is embedded in the elbow. If you are a pitcher it usually takes 12-15 months with lots of rehabbing in between and about 6 months if you’re a position player. Dr. James Andrews is the most common name you’ll find that operates on baseball players that need Tommy John surgery. Here is a scary thought. Every single pitcher that plays baseball, no matter his age, generates enough force to rupture the ulnar collateral ligament on every single pitch.
The system of the body that consists of bones, connective tissues, and cartilage is known as the skeletal system. Some major functions of this system are as follows:
Osteoporosis is a condition, in which bones are weak from deterioration, loss of bone mass, and quality-bone strength. Osteoporosis usually triggers postmenopausal women (women who have not had their period for a whole year), or older men and women. Some risks both older men and women endure when experiencing Osteoporosis are decrease of calcium and bone fractures. These symptoms or effects can all be caused by weight loss, smoking, age, ethnicity, genetics, medications, bone structure, and certain diseases that can later on contribute to Osteoporosis, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporosis may be prevented by going to drug therapy to stop alcoholism and smoking, a sufficient amount of calcium intake, and exercising; such as jogging, walking,
First of all, being a woman is one of the risk factors of osteoporosis especially after the age of menopause. “30% of American women between the ages of 60 and 70 have osteoporosis” (Marieb & Hoehn, 2016).To clarify, menopause is characterized by the loss of estrogen hormone production by the ovaries. Since estrogen is necessary for osteoblast to build new bone tissues, the lack of this hormone will improve the ability of osteoblast to absorb the bone tissues. Another risk factor of osteoporosis is being Caucasian. Caucasian women are more likely to get osteoporosis. 30% of Caucasian women experience a bone fracture in their lives that is related to osteoporosis” (Marieb & Hohen, 2016) . Furthermore, genetics are another risk factor of osteoporosis. Individuals with a family history of osteoporosis are at a primary risk for developing this condition. Moreover, a bad and unhealthy lifestyle including poor diet, lack of activities and exercise, smoking, and drinking too much are also risks factors of osteoporosis. In addition, low body weight is another risk factor of osteoporosis. Individuals with low body weight and small amount of fat and muscles are more likely to get this
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become so weak and brittle that even a cough can cause enough stress on the bone that it will cause the bone to facture. The most commonly broken bones are the hip, wrist, and the spine. Although it affects men and women of all races, post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women are more commonly affected than those of other ethnicities and sexes. In fact, thirty percent of all post-menopausal women in the US and Europe will be diagnosed with Osteoporosis and at least 40 percent of those will suffer from a fracture in their lifetime.
Supraspinatus tendonitis is inflammation of the supraspinatus/rotator cuff tendon and/or the contiguous peritendinous soft tissues, according to Medscape. It is usually identified with shoulder impingement syndrome and is a recognized phase in the second stage of the disease. There are both extrinsic and intrinsic factors that can lead up to this condition. Primary and secondary impingement are what make up the extrinsic factors. Primary impingement is the outcome from increased subacromial loading, trauma, or overhead activities. Secondary impingement is the outcome from rotator cuff overload and muscle imbalance. The condition can also be caused by the diminishing in the supraspinatus outlet space because of the unstable glenohumeral joint.
Osteoporosis comes from the latin word meaning “porous bone”. If you were to look closely at a bone you could see there are these small spaces on the bone which is good, now if you look at someone who suffers from osteoporosis you will see these spaces are much larger. As these spaces become larger it takes away from the strength and integrity of the bone making it grow weak and thin. Osteoporosis is most common in women over the age of 50 and gives them a higher risk of fractures and or breaks especially common in the hips. While we know osteoporosis comes from a number of things it can be broken down to age, the hormonal changes most commonly seen in menopause and a lower intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Age is the unpreventable factor that doctors or you cannot change. Hormonal changes can be fixed with supplements or hormone therapy along with ones intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Hormone therapy, estrogen alone or the combination of estrogen and progestin have been proven to prevent and aide in the treatment of osteoporosis in
The two hundred and six bones in the human body produces a lot of blood cells, store important minerals such as homeostasis (storage and release), and also release hormones, which are necessary to life. During body movement, the skeletal system assists by contracting and pulling on bone to produce movement. Although, in the world we all live in today, skeleton symbolizes all kinds of means/significant reasons. From people using it as a symbol for death (Halloween, rituals, etc.), movies, and many other scary things, the real fact is that skeletal system is one of the most body’s most life giving systems. Apart from other living organs such as the skin, eyes, and many more, the bones are the main primary function that carries them all. Bones are sturdy and firm, but each one in our bodies has their own blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. Being the fact that the skeletal system makes up our body movements, support, and protection, it also has its
There are three different types of muscles in the body, and the first to be talked about are skeletal muscles. The body consists of about 640 skeletal muscles and they just so happen to be the only voluntary or (controlled) muscles. Their main function is to contract and expand so that your bones are able to move. Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones or joints so that the muscle can either expand or contract to create motion. They consist of band like fibers attached and bundled together that run along the bone. These fibers are held together by connective tissue called epimysium, which also protects the muscle. Skeletal muscle is what makes the body able to walk and move, without these skeletal muscles the body could not function properly because it would have nothing to rely on for stabilization and strength. They contain what is called striated cells, which is cells that are shaped like bands and are individual, they stretch out the length of the muscle so that they are able to contract with it and these cells are also what give the muscle energy through respiration of proteins fats and glucose which is the energy supplement for all muscles. For example refer to figure 1-1 1-4 and1-5 for the cell
The Skeletal System, also known as the Skeleton make up a framework that support the body and protect the organs. The Skeleton consists of the bones and joints of the body. In the human body there is 300 bones at birth, these then fuse together to make 206 bones in a fully grown adult. The Skeleton is made up of two divisions: The axial and appendicular Skeleton.