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Social and economic impacts of the first world war
Impact of world wars on the united states
Social and economic impacts of the first world war
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The time between World Wars was a tense and significant point in the history of humanity, especially for the European continent. France had suffered immensely during the First World War, and the psyche of the nation was deeply shaken. The result was, for some, a desire for a return to the comparatively peaceful state felt prior to the War. The “Call to Order” as it became known embodied this effort. Many artistic movements were abandoned, temporarily or permanently. Such was the fate of the Futurist movement, which somewhat naively glorified all of the things that had made World War I so incredibly destructive to the continent, technology, and violence. A resurgence of classical styled art followed. Just as the populous sought clearly defined order and purity in their lives so too did the search for pure forms of artistic expression arise. Amedee Ozenfant and Charles-Eduoard Jeanneret led the Purist movement, eschewing the decorative qualities of Cubism and focusing on the precise and orderly expression of form they sought to return order to the arts. Jeanneret, who would later become Le Corbuiser took these methods and theories to work in architecture, seeking to literally rebuild the cities in a pure and orderly way. Corbusier’s architectural work during the interwar period would become the foundation for much of modern architectural thinking, his methods and beliefs set the stage for much of the works being built in our current day and age. Though his hopes of seeing a more orderly physical manifestation of society never did occur to the extent he desired, the impact he had on the discipline of architecture is tremendous.
Key to many of Corbusier’s design principles was the notion of purity. Purism as the artist...
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Between the Wars. New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1993.
Baltanás, José. Walking through Le Corbusier. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2006.
Benton, Tim. The Villas of Le Corbusier 1920-1930. New Haven, London: Yale
University Press, 1987.
Boesiger, Willy. Le Corbusier. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili, 1991.
Corbusier, Le. Towards A New Architecture. Translated by Frederick Etchells. New
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Le Corbusier was a Swiss-French artist mostly known for his work in architecture, but also practiced some in painting, design, and writing. He was closely associated with the new “modern” architecture movement and was a leader in the new field of urban planning in the mid 20th century. The works he produced can be found in Europe, the United State, and India. His work was both widely praised and criticized throughout his life and after his death. In addition to producing many great works of architecture, Le Corbusier led a full and very interesting personal life.
Home decorating styles changed dramatically during the middle part of the 1800's, even though design began to refer back to the styles the century had begun with as it came to an end. This difference in popular taste did not just evolve because of the passage of time, however; new technological advancements in furniture production and an increased interest in the arts of Asia influenced home décor. The changing British culture manifested itself in how the middle-class decorated their homes, and how they perceived themselves.
Art Deco as an art mover has had a lot of influence in the history of arts and was under the influence of the past art movements and different cultures, the present lifestyle and the societies of the life changing World War I and II. In design Art Deco was glamorous and in style it was luxurious. Major influences were the styles of art and the French crafts of high standards, different cultures and avant-grade art. It wasn’t just a normal style that reflected adventure, entertainment and leisure but a highly enjoyed taste by all classes of people with different minds after Second World War. It handed down its concepts of design and traditional and modern visual styles to younger generations while at the same time its styles influencing many present-day designers (Hillier & Escritt, 2004).
Though the Modern style continued to dominate high class business environments, designers were becoming more experimental, conforming less and less to the principles laid out by the pioneers of the Modernist movement. The free thinking masses of the new decade somewhat clashed with the rational and functional mind of dominant Modernist force Le Corbusier, who throughout his career detailed numerous guidelines, including his ‘Five Points Of Architecture’ which were to be followed in order to create a successful piece of design.
To start with the end, Courbet is an artist that triumphed defiance through definitions. Courbet’s work was bold in subject matter, just like the artist's lifestyle. To understand this as a success, we must consider an artist directly involved in the height of the artistic institution – Delacroix, the Romantic painter. Romantic painters were from what Baudelaire calls "… the most recent, the latest expression of the beautiful." Delacroix’s work shows an artist that believes in following the way of his predecessors, to grow from what he is dealt. Courbet’s work shows an artist who insists on forging his o...
Gustave Courbet’s The Painter’s Studio is one work of art that signaled the rise of a new form and subjects for art in France. Linda Nochlin, in “The Politics of Vision,” describes Courbet as a milit...
Art Nouveau (literally ‘new art’ in French) was a popular international style of art, developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and reaching its peak between 1890 and 1910. The primary aim of this movement was to break free from the previous constraints that had been placed upon artists traditionally and to completely revolutionise design – an aim that, without a doubt, came to be achieved. The evidence of this can be seen in the work of several prominent designers at the time – such as artist Alphonse Mucha and architect Antoni Gaudi – and even within other movements – the Arts and Crafts movement being a prime example. The way in which these figures and this movement have been influenced by Art Nouveau in particular will be explored in this essay.
The transition of art movements that were taking place most of the impressionist painters lives would move from impressionism of post-impressionism to futurism. All three movements are coincided with the developments of technology in the cities as well as the infatuation with shapes and color blocking that pervaded the wood-block prints of Japan. Throughout the past four-hundred years, there has been a stark change in how the world perceives and realizes art- from scrolls to canvas, to spray-painting the sides of buildings, there consistently is someone who can see a new way to deliver their expression. This message was true in the way that Paul Cézanne would portray his art. The piece Mont. Sainte-Victoire (1906), is labeled as a cubist piece, however it carries over the techniques and philosophies that were utilized by painters in America, Europe and Ja...
Bauhaus is a German term meaning the house of construction and commonly understood by many as the school of building and operates from the year 1919 to the end of 1933 . The institution was founded by Walter Gropius and was located in Weimar. This paper shall critically analyze whether Bauhaus succeeded in merging art with mass production and technology what challenges they went through and if at all their ideals were limited to design for an elite.
Impressionism is the name given to the art movement that changed art forever. Starting in France in the 1860's, Impressionism was considered a radical break from tradition.1 Through the work of artists including Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre Renoir, Camille Pissarro and Edgar Degas impressionism was born. Impressionists painted outside and focused greatly on light and its reflection. They painted quickly on primed white canvas with short visible brushstrokes and placed separate colours side by side letting the viewer’s eyes mix them. (Techniques uncommon to art at this time) Regarding their subject they again broke with tradition and painted anything they wanted including the modernity of Paris and the everyday life of its citizens. This new found freedom regarding subject along with unconventional techniques greatly displeased the L’École des Beaux-Arts where academic artists would have worked on subjects such as history, royalty and mythology.2 In contrast to the impressionists their work had a smooth varnished finish, showing little to no evidence of the artist’s presence. Having introduced Impressionism, I aim to in this essay analyse why the city of Paris is at the heart of the impressionist movement. Firstly by looking at how Paris helped create the impressionist movement and secondly how Paris fuelled it.
A predominant theme in Modernism is the futility of needless embellishment. Previous forms of art and literature were so overwhelmingly adorned with frivolous designs that new thinkers had the urge to strip down their crafts to the bare minimum. In architecture, for example, there is a great contrast between the Paris Opera House designed by Garnier in 1861 and the Brauhaus
Although the Bauhaus died in Germany, due to the dangerous years of World War II many of its key figures spread out into the free world predominantly the United States, and birthed the ideas of the Bauhaus (Kentgens-Craig, 1999). Here the Bauhaus idea had more potential than ever, as the American city became the architectural proving ground for the industrialized world (Kentgens-Craig, 1999), which inspired all facets of design and contemporary design. For example Alain Silberstein Bauhaus 2 Titan watch (image 5) displays the use of the primary colour and simple shapes, a clear influence from the Bauhaus preliminary theory course, and of Piet Mondrian’s De Stijl movement.
Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier are two very prominent names in the field of architecture. Both architects had different ideas concerning the relationship between humans and the environment. Their architectural styles were a reflection of how each could facilitate the person and the physical environment. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Robie House, is considered one of the most important buildings in the history of American architecture and Le Corbusier s Villa Savoye helped define the progression that modern architecture was to take in the 20th Century. Both men are very fascinating and have strongly influenced my personal taste for modern architecture. Although Wright and Corbusier each had different views on how to design a house, they also had similar beliefs. This paper is a comparison of Frank Lloyd Wright‘s and Le Corbusier ‘s viewpoints exhibited through their two prominent houses, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Robie House and Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye.
Charles-Edouard Jeanneret is an internationally known influential Swiss architect and city planner, whose designs combine the functionalism of the modern movement with a bold, sculptural expressionism. He belonged to the first generation of the so-called International school of architecture and was their most able propagandist in his numerous writings. In his architecture he joined the functionalist aspirations of his generation with a strong sense of expressionism. He was the first architect to make a studied use of rough-cast concrete, a technique that satisfied his taste for asceticism and for sculptural forms.
At age 13 Le Corbusier had finished and left grade school to move on to attend Arts Decoratifs in his home city of La Chaux-de-Fonds. Here a young Le would learn the art of facing watches, just like his father, through enameling and engraving. While attending Arts Decoratifs Le Corbusier was under the influence of his teacher L’ Eplattenier who he would later refer to as his “Master” and only teacher. Under L’ Eplattenier’s instruction a young Le Corbusier would learn the history of art, drawing and the naturalistic attributes of newly developed art. With his in depth teachings of art Le Corbusier soon abandoned his previous career of watch making and further continued his education in decoration and art intending to eventually...