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Report on paper chromatography
Report on paper chromatography
Report on paper chromatography
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Conclusions
Experiment one was conducted to show the separation of plant pigments using a process called paper chromatography. The significance of this lab was to show different types of pigments and discover which pigments would have the highest band along the filter paper. Experiment one of the lab exhibited that chlorophyll a (figure 1) would display the highest band of pigments on the filter paper when using the paper chromatography process rather than chlorophyll b, xanthophyll and carotenoids showing higher bands of pigments.
The results in figure one present that the pigment xanthophyll in a magnolia leaf is a dark yellow pigment in magnolia that does not travel very far during the paper chromatography process. The yellow carotenoids
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Although my initial hypothesis was supported by my results, an experimental error occurred during the first 8 minutes of the experiment. The experimental error occurred because the spectrometer was continuously zeroed out by a fellow lab partner which made the results for the first 8 minutes in accurate (Table 1). The overall all results for experiment two relate to the bigger picture in biology because without natural or artificial light magnolia leaves and many other organisms that use the process of photosynthesis cannot thrive. Thylakoids in plants are important because without these sacs inside chloroplast, light reactions would not be able to take place in photosynthesis.
References
Berry, J. O., Yerramsetty, P., Zielinski, A. M., & Mure, C. M. (2013). Photosynthetic gene expression in higher plants. (). Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11120-013-9880-8
Dondelinger, R. M. (2012). THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ... liquid chromatography systems. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, 46(4), 299-304. Retrieved from
Photosynthetic pigments work by absorbing different wavelengths of light and reflecting others. These pigments are divided into two categories primary (chlorophyll) and accessory (carotenoids) pigments. Chlorophyll is then divided into three forms a, b, and c (Campbell, 1996). Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment used during photosynthesis (Campbell, 1996). This pigment is the only one that can directly participate in light reactions (Campbell, 1996). Chlorophyll a absorbs the wavelengths of 600 to 700nm (red and orange) along with 400 to 500nm (blue and violet) and reflects green wavelengths (Lewis, 2004). Chlorophyll b has only a slight difference in its structure that causes it to have a different absorption spectra (Campbell, 2004). The carotenoid involved with spinach leaf photosynthesis absorbs the wavelengths of 460 to 550nm (Lewis, 2004). The pigments are carotene and its oxidized derivative xanthophylls (Nishio, 2000). A wavelength is determined by measuring from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave. All the wavelengths possible are...
To test for this, DCIP (a chloroplast isolation buffer) was used to The hypothesis for this experiment was that the cell fraction in the cuvette marked P2 will have more chloroplast activity because it will exhibit greater color change and differences in the absorbance readings compared to the other cuvettes when exposed under the condition of light; moreover, this notion was believed to be so because the more a cell fraction is centrifuged, the more intact chloroplasts we’ll find (Leicht and McAllister, This meant that this cuvette (tested under light) should display a higher decrease in DCIP due to the reduction in absorbance (dependent variable) opposed to the other cell fractions tested depending on a sixteen minute period (independent variable). The overall goal was to provide proof, through data, that the cell fractions put under the light during the sixteen minute period would indicate a higher set of chloroplast activity versus the ones put in the
... in the chloroplasts in some of their cells. Chlorophyll allows the energy in sunlight to drive chemical reactions. Chloroplasts act as energy transducers, converting light energy into chemical energy. So as the plant has more light the chlorophyll inside the chloroplasts can react faster absorbing in more light for food and energy.¡¨ So this shows my prediction was correct for in my experiment and shown in my result table and graph the more light intensity there is on a plant the higher the rate of my photosynthesis will be. My prediction is very close to what I said the results will be so my prediction was correct and has been proven to be correct in my result table, graph and now explained again in my conclusion.
ABSTRACT: Chloroplasts carry out photosynthetic processes to meet the metabolic demands of plant cells (Alberts, 2008). They consist of an inner thylakoid membrane and a stroma. (Parent et. al, 2008).In this experiment we demonstrate the unique protein compositions of isolated thylakoid and stromal fractions from broken and whole spinach chloroplasts. Because these compartments carry out different metabolic processes, we confirm our hypothesis that performing SDS-PAGE on these fractions will result in distinct patterns on the gels. In isolating and analyzing nucleic acid from broken, whole, and crude chloroplast samples we demonstrate that genes for photosynthetic protein psbA are found in chloroplast DNA, while genes for photosynthetic enzyme
Experiment #3: The purpose of this experiment to test the chromatography of plant pigments the alcohol test strip test will be used.
Theodor’s experiment was created in part to learn which wavelengths (colors) of light were most effective in carrying out photosynthesis and to prove that it occurs in chloroplast. The experiment was inspired by Theodor’s observation of aerobic bacteria. Theodor observed that aerobic bacteria would move towards the chloroplasts of green algae. Theodor hypothesized that the reason why the bacteria moved toward the chloroplasts was because the organelle generated oxygen via photosynthesis. If photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, then the bacteria would aggregate on the chloroplasts producing the most oxygen. Theodor’s experiment was essential because it demonstrated that chloroplasts were the site of photosynthesis. Furthermore,
= > [CH2O} + O2 + H2O, This shows that when the light intensity is increased the rate of reaction will be more quicker he only anomalous result there was, is the one in the 100 watt result the reading after 5 minutes is anomalous because it does not follow the predicted pattern of increasing in the production of gas because it is lower I know from my own knowledge of photosynthesise that when the light intensity is increased the rate of reaction will be more quicker because many plants and trees photosynthesise quicker in stronger light and photosynthesise slower in dimly lit places. The chlorophyll absorbs light energy and enables it to be used by the plant for building up sugar. The overall effect is that energy is transferred from sunlight to sugar molecules.
In this laboratory experiment, the rate of photosynthesis was measured through the use of the “floating leaf disk technique.” The leaf disks were placed into a syringe and the O2 and CO2 in the mesophyll layers of the leaves were removed and then replaced with sodium bicarbonate or water, causing the leaves to sink to the bottom of the container. If one determines the number of leaf disks rising to the top as a result of an increase in oxygen gas in the mesophyll cells, then the rate of photosynthesis is able to be measured because O2 is a product of photosynthesis. The first step of this experiment was a feasibility study of the variance in the photosynthetic activity of the leaf disks in both water and bicarbonate solutions. After five minutes of light exposure, all of the leaf disks in the bicarbonate solution (10 disks) had ...
[IMAGE]Carbon dioxide + water Light Energy glucose + oxygen Chlorophyll [IMAGE]6CO2 + 6H20 Light Energy C6 H12 O6 + 6O 2 Chlorophyll Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of the plant in the palisade layer. Chlorophyll in the cells in the palisade layer absorb light for photosynthesis. The plant releases the oxygen created in photosynthesis back into the air but it uses or stores the glucose for energy, respiration, growth and repair. The leaves and plants are also specially adapted for photosynthesis in their structure and cell alignment. Preliminary Experiment Apparatus * Piece of Elodea Canadensis * Bulb * Voltmeter * Test tube * Beaker * Box *
... Carotenoids absorb mostly blue wavelengths which allow the longer to disperse and create the color yellow on the leaves. Much like carotenoids, anthocyanins, which give leaves a red pigment, absorb blue-green wavelengths. This allows the red wavelengths to disband and makes the red visible to the human eye. (http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu)
An Experiment to Investigate the Effect of Light Intensity on the Rate of Photosynthesis. Introduction Photosynthetics take place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. It can produce simple sugars using carbon dioxide and water causing the release of sugar and oxygen. The chemical equation of photosynthesis is: [ IMAGE ] 6CO 2 + 6H20 C 6 H12 O 6 + 6O2 It has been proven many times that plants need light to be able to photosynthesize, so you can say that without light the plant would neither photosynthesize nor survive.
Increases in temperature can decrease the efficiency of photosynthesis; however the extent of this impact may be determine on the species' dependency on light.
The structure of chlorophyll involves a hydrophobic tail embedded in the thylakoid membrane which repels water and a porphyrin ring which is a ring of four pyrrols (C4H5N) surrounding a metal ion which absorbs the incoming light energy, in the case of chlorophyll the metal ion is magnesium (Mg2+.) The electrons within the porphyrin ring are delocalised so the molecule has the potential to easily and quickly lose and gain electrons making the structure of chlorophyll ideal for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is the most abundant photosynthetic pigment, absorbing red and blue wavelengths and reflecting green wavelengths, meaning plants containing chlorophyll appear green. There are many types of chlorophyll, including chlorophyll a, b, c1, c2, d and f. Chlorophyll a is present in all photosynthetic organisms and is the most common pigment with the molecular formula C55H72MgN4O5. Chlorophyll b is found in plants with the molecular formula C55H70MgN4O6, it is less abundant than chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a and b are often found together as they increase the wavelengths of light absorbed. Chlorophyll c1 (C35H30O5N4Mg) and c2 (C35H28O5N4Mg) are found in algae, they are accessory pigments and have a brown colour. Chlorophyll c is able to absorb yellow and green light (500-600nm) that chlorophyll a
Plant photosynthesis happens in leaves and stems with green stem with a special organelle called a chloroplast. A plant leaf has tens of thousands of cells, and they contain 40-50 chloroplasts. The chloroplast, is an oval-shaped structure, and is divided by membranes into numerous disk-shaped compartments. The disk like compartments, which are called thylakoids, are placed vertically in the chloroplast and look like a stack of plates or pancakes. One stack of thylakoids is called a granum or more than one grana, the grana lie placed in a fluid known as the stroma. Inside of the thylakoids are hundreds of molecules of chlorophyll, which is a light capturing pigment used for photosynthesis. More light trapping pigments, like enzymes used to speed up chemical reactions, as well as other molecules used for photosynthesis and in the thylakoid membrane. These pigments
...ed out very well as the plant I tested was correctly done, and it had a band that was yellow/brown where there was no starch present, the same leaf had a black boarder where the paper/foil was not placed, this was black because photosynthesis had occurred and produced starch. Therefore showing that light along with the other core ingredients are important factors for photosynthesis to take place successfully.