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Social theories for sexual offending
Adolescent sexual offender typologies
Applying theories to treatment of sexual offenders
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Recommended: Social theories for sexual offending
Discuss the characteristics, risk factors, protective factors, and typologies associated with juvenile sex offenders.
Juvenile sexual offending behavior is defined as “any forced or coercive sexual contact, substantial threats of such contact, any sexual contact with a much younger child, or any nonconsensual sexual behavior that violates conventional standards” (Wolf, 2008, p. 7). Sexual offenses include oral-genital contact, attempted or actual vaginal or anal penetration. Prevalence rates of juvenile sexual offending include juvenile offenders are responsible for 40% of sexual assaults against victims under the age of 6, 56% of molested boys are victims of an adolescent, and younger juvenile victims tended to have a greater proportion of
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Wijkman, Bijlevela, & Hendriks, (2014) estimated that less than 3% of all sex offending is committed by females. There are three subtypes of juvenile female sex offender they are baby-sitter abuse, victims of sexual abuse who project their own experiences onto brother/sisters or peers; and severely disordered offenders who have experienced high levels of trauma (Wijkman, Bijlevela, & Hendriks, 2014). Roe – Sepowitz and Krysik (2008) makes important points about female juvenile sex offenders they include those with a history of child maltreatment are more likely to have a current mental health diagnosis and it would find out that those female JSOs with this history had higher levels of coercion of their victims. In terms of ethnicity and adolescent female sexual offender (AFSOs) the study done by van der Put, van Vugt, Stams, Geert, and Hendriks (2014) there were more Caucasians (80%) when compared to African Americans (5%), Hispanic Americans (5%), and other (3%) in their …show more content…
Goals for the treatment of juvenile sex offenders include confronting denial, decreasing the deviant sexual arousal, promoting victim empathy, assisting with values clarification, teaching to recognize the internal and external antecedents of the sexual offending behavior (Saleh, Grudzinskas, & Bradford, 2009). Adolescent offender tend to be more amenable to treatment for the following reasons: the pattern of sexual offending behavior is less ingrained, they are still exploring other ways to sexual gratification, they are able to learn more effective interpersonal and social skills since their brains are stilling developing, and their fantasies are continuingly evolving and are not consolidated (Saleh, Grudzinskas, & Bradford,
Witt, P., Greenfield, D., & Hiscox, S. (2008). Cognitive/behavioural approaches to the treatment adult sex offenders. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 36(2), 245-269, retrieved from EBSCOhost
The following research will display an overview of the process in Texas on how sex offenders are registered along with the notifications that are followed after registration. Texas, as many other states, has a procedure which requires sex offenders to register with the local law enforcement agencies at the time of their discharge. In addition to registration, they must also comply with further probation regulations. Research has concluded that there are four basic phases of registration and notification. Beginning with offender notified, following the offender registration and community notified and ending with public notification
Yates, P. M. (2005). Pathways to treatment of sexual offenders: Rethinking intervention. Forum on Corrections Research, 17, 1-9.
Juvenile sex offenders are individuals that range in ages between six and seventeen years. There is a differentiation between what is considered a juvenile sex offender and a juvenile rapist. A juvenile rapist is generally older in the adolescent years and their victimology will be someone who is older than they are and they generally use a weapon. These crimes will also be usually male on female crimes and occur in public areas. Whereas the juvenile sex offender victimology will generally be younger than them, usually by around five years, but still at ti...
Many resources go into the prevention and management of sex offenders. However, very few effective programs exist that decrease the likelihood of reoffending. Through the use of meta-analyses, Seto and Lalumiere (2010) evaluated multiple studies that examined sex offenders. Emphasis was put on etiological explanations in the hopes of identifying factors associated with sex offending. Seto and Lalumiere’s (2010) findings help in creating effective programs to decrease recidivism rates.
According to RAINN, (2009) approximately 10 per cent of all victims of sexual assault and abuse are adult and juvenile males. In terms of the nature of assault, real figures include a compendium of reported incidents ranging from unwanted sexual touching to forced penetration. To qualify this statement, it must be understood that the percentage does not reflect a vast number of crimes that go unreported due to issues that will be discussed in the present paper.
Wijkman, M., Bijleveld, C., & Hendriks, J. (2010). Women don't do such things! characteristics of female sex offenders and offender types. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 22(2), 135-156.
It is a common stereotype that all sex offenders have some form of psychopathy, and therefore they cannot be treated, however most sexual offenders do not have major mental illness or psychological maladjustment (Ward, Polaschek and Busch, 2006), therefore it is not impossible to treat them. Finkelhor’s (1984) precondition model was made with the assumption that the psychopathology of an individual will only take us so far in explaining sexually abusive behaviour, Finkelhor states that 4 stages of preconditions must exist before sexual abuse can take place, these are; Primary motivation to abuse a child sexually, overcoming of internal and external inhibitions and dealing with a child’s resistance to sexual abuse, for each subsequent precondition to occur the previous one must be achieved. Finkelhor argues th...
Sex offender legislation has been encouraged and written to protect the community and the people at large against recidivism and or to help with the reintegration of those released from prison. Nevertheless, a big question has occurred as to if the tough laws created help the community especially to prevent recidivism or make the situation even worse than it already is. Sex offenders are categorized into three levels for example in the case of the state of Massachusetts; in level one the person is not considered dangerous, and chances of him repeating a sexual offense are low thus his details are not made available to the public (Robbers, 2009). In level two chances of reoccurrence are average thus public have access to this level offenders through local police departments in level three risk of reoffense is high, and a substantial public safety interest is served to protect the public from such individuals.
Girls are three times as likely to have been sexually abused as boys (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996). Many female delinquents, an estimated 70 percent, report a history of sexual and physical abuse. Most often, abuse is perpetrated by family members or close family friends who are perceived as trusted adults (Davis, et al., 1997). This in turn leads to a young girl lacking one of the most basic needs which is trust.
In today’s society, juveniles that commit a sexual assault have become the subject of society. It’s become a problem in the United States due to the rise of sexual offenses committed by juveniles. The general public attitude towards sex offenders appears to be highly negative (Valliant, Furac, & Antonowicz, 1994). The public reactions in the past years have shaped policy on legal approaches to managing sexual offenses. The policies have included severe sentencing laws, sex offender registry, and civil commitment as a sexually violent predator (Quinn, Forsyth, & Mullen-Quinn, 2004). This is despite recidivism data suggesting that a relatively small group of juvenile offenders commit repeat sexual assaults after a response to their sexual offending (Righthand &Welch, 2004).
Cauffman, E., Grisso, T., & Sickmund, M. Future of Children. (2009) Understanding the Female Offender, 18, 5. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from www.futureofchildren.org
Correctional counselors should fully understand the importance initial denial as a critical treatment target in sexual offenders’ treatment, the detailed aspects of treatment for sex offenders, and how interrogation techniques such as the polygraph and the penile plethysmograph enhance treatment for sex
Sex offenders have been a serious problem for our legal system at all levels, not to mention those who have been their victims. There are 43,000 inmates in prison for sexual offenses while each year in this country over 510,000 children are sexually assaulted(Oakes 99). The latter statistic, in its context, does not convey the severity of the situation. Each year 510,000 children have their childhood's destroyed, possibly on more than one occasion, and are faced with dealing with the assault for the rest of their lives. Sadly, many of those assaults are perpetrated by people who have already been through the correctional system only to victimize again. Sex offenders, as a class of criminals, are nine times more likely to repeat their crimes(Oakes 99). This presents a
Youthful offenders have a reason for the crimes they have committed. Past life trauma is one of the most common causes for youthful offenders to stand in a criminal court. But the big guys seem to not understand the development of children/teenagers are going through. No matter how critical the crime has appeared, everyone should stop for one second and stand in their shoes. Up until today, youthful offenders, no matter how young they are, they are being treated as adults. Youthful offenders being tried in criminal courts as adults, criminal courts are putting them at risk from the dangers in adult prison facilities. As a result, the past trauma that youthful offenders experienced and were the factors that caused them to commit their crimes;