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Carl Jung psychoanalytic theory
Freud theory evaluated
Freud psychodynamic theories
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In The Speedy Messenger, we follow the protagonist Semyon as he matured from a young man that was unknowing to the dangers of deception and underestimation by others into a man that is humble and wise to the dangers that he was one vulnerable to. This development in his personality did not happen until he underwent the conflicts of certain archetypes and the personal conflicts that he had with himself when he was depressed and trapped in his unconscious. Semyon was able to overcome his struggles with each archetype and his struggle in his unconsciousness when he was with the Sea King.
Freudian Analysis
A psychologist that was famous for his theories regarding the unconscious and its mental processes was Sigmund Freud. One of the ideas regarding the unconscious that Freud stressed was that “feelings and thoughts may be portrayed in the form of dramatic images...may be represented as symbolic guise by images of other entities, although the resemblance between the symbol and the original object may be incomprehensible” (Petit-Pavlovskis, 2016). Symbolism was used heavily in The Speedy Messenger since Semyon was forced to process
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Jungian psychology is heavily inspired by Freudian psychology. The main idea of Jungian psychology revolves around archetypal images. Archetypes, alongside with instincts compose majority of what Jung bids the “collective unconscious”. Jung believed that myths and fairy tales are created by archetypal experiences. Some of the popular archetypes that Jungian psychology is revolved around includes four archetypes: “the persona, the anima, the animus, and the shadow” (Petit-Pavlovskis, 2016). In The Speedy Messenger, the archetypes that are emphasized are the persona archetype and the shadow archetype. These two archetypes were placed in the story to help the reader understand the importance of Semyon’s development and changes as a
The novel Fifth Business written by Robertson Davies is about Dunstan Ramsay’s life. The novel begins from Parker’s newsletter that offends Dunstan and triggers him to write about his life to the headmaster. Davies uses Carl Jung’s archetypes to develop his novel Fifth Business which are the archetypal figures, archetypal hero’s journey, and fifth business.
Jung describes archetype as “patterns of behavior”. After many incidents between Peter had with Matt, Peter created a virtual computer game which he eventually turned to reality. “Peter got out of bed and sat down at his desk, pulling his eighth-grade yearbook from the drawer where he’d banished it months ago. He’d create a computer game that was Revenge of the Nerds, but updated for the twenty first century. A fantasy where the balance of power was turned on its head, where the underdog finally got a chance to beat the bullies. He took a marker and started circling portraits. Drew Girard. Matt Royston. John Eberhard. Josie Cormier” (Picoult 222). When relating to Jung’s theory, “Jung believed that the human psyche was composed of three components: the ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. According to Jung, the ego represents the conscious mind while the personal unconscious contains memories including those that have been suppressed” (Cherry par. 2). Peter used the video game to bury his memories to his unconscious mind. “The appearance of an impressive shadow figure antagonistically confronting a personal consciousness[...] because the shadow is so disagreeable to his ego-consciousness that it has to repressed into the
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist who developed many theories concerning the unconscious mind. Jung’s theories state that the unconscious part of a human’s psyche has two different layers, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The personal unconscious is unique to every individual; however, the collective unconscious “is inborn.” (Carl Jung, Four Archetypes, 3) The collective unconscious is present in everyone’s psyche, and it contains archetypes which are “those psychic contents which have not yet been submitted to conscious elaboration” (Jung, Archetypes, 5); they are templates of thought that have been inherited through the collective unconscious. Jung has defined many different archetypes such as the archetype of the mother, the archetype of the hero, the archetype of the shadow, etc. These Jungian archetypes are often projected by the collective unconscious onto others. If the novel A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving is examined through a Jungian archetypal lens it is possible to discern different archetypes projected by the protagonist’s unconscious self to illustrate the effects of the collective unconscious on character and plot analysis.
Everyone has been responsible for wrongful actions in their lives. The reason for these actions as well as your envy, lies, and insecurities is your shadow. Carl Jung’s theory of the persona includes concepts of “the ego, living with the shadow and the persona and mask one wears”(Internet Wire). In “The Shadow Effect”, Jung also describes the shadow as representing “ ‘the other side’ or ‘the dark brother’, who is an inseparable part of our psyche” (Burkard Sievers). Jung explains how for a person to deal with social acceptance and the expectations of humanity, they must conceal the part of themselves that they know won’t conform with these expectations (the shadow). People conceal this part by
Psychoanalysis is a theory that explores personality traits on the conscious and unconscious level. According to TheFreeDictionary.com, “Psychoanalysis is the most intensive form of an approach to treatment called psychodynamic therapy. Psychodynamic refers to a view of human personality that results from interactions between conscious and unconscious factors. The purpose of all forms of psychodynamic treatment is to bring unconscious mental material and processes into full consciousness so that the patient can gain more control over his or her life” (Psychoanalytic Treatment). Sigmund Freud is the founder of the Psychoanalysis Theory. He had many followers. One of those followers was Jung. As time went on, Jung’s perspective on personality
Furthermore, Campbell explained such patterns by using Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, which he was strongly influenced with. Psychological organs that developed through the evolution, is the idea Jung gave of archetypes (Jung 81). To him they are recurring patterns, images and ideas which all humans inherited in their unconsciousness (Volgar 23). In addition, Campbell described his theory as a reoccurring cycle of pattern consisting of three phases: Departure, Initiation and Return, which he calls The Monomyth (Campbell 28), a deep inner journey of transformation that every hero must go through in order to grow (Voytilla vii).
Man and His Symbols, edited by Carl G Jung and M.-L. von Franz, Joseph L. Henderson, Jolande Jacobi, Aniela Jaffe, published by Dell Books, non fiction.
In order to understand Jung's theory of archetypes, the reader must first have an understanding of the reasoning behind them. Carl G. Jung explains the conscious mind by dividing it into three different psyches: the ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. The ego is simply Jung's interpretation of the conscious mind. The personal unconscious is anything that is not presently conscious, but can be. The collective unconscious is a reservoir of human experiences that is passed from generation to generation. It includes the archetypes of self, which are archetypes for different kinds of people or characters in literature (Jung 67). They can be described as things such as déjà vu, or love at first sight. It is the feeling that what is being felt or experienced has been felt or experienced before.
Similar to Freud, Jung’s understanding on personality are arranged as three components: the ego, the personal conscious and the collective unconscious. The ego represents the mental processing, the personal conscious comprises of our memories, as well as the ones we subdue, while the collective unconscious encloses all of our understanding and incidents that we encounter. It looks as if they are in agreement of the unconscious so far, but then Jung developed his Arche...
What is the use of symbolism in writing? Is it merely to confuse the reader or is its true intent to make the reader think about the meaning of the story? A symbol is a person, object, or event that suggests more than its literal meaning (Meyer 220). In Ernest Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants," Hemingway uses a plethora of symbols to convey the idea that the young girl, Jig is ambivalent to having an abortion and that her older American boyfriend does not want to have the baby. Although the word abortion is never used in the story, the reader understands the concept through Hemingway's symbolism.
Jung’s subjective nature as well his speculative beliefs in his experiences attempts to discover the relation between objective truth (real), psychology, and spirituality (supernatural). He placed tremendous value on the meaning of personal and collective dreams. Jung considered them prophetic and visionary for the collective nature. Conclusively, Jung’s understood the self as the principle and archetype of orientation and meaning. Jung’s development of self is a concept quite similar to Fromm, Eliade, Frankl and other humanistic driven ideas discussed prior to reach completion, wholeness, absoluteness, in essence to be harmonious with nature (fate).
Carl Jung is the father of archetypal criticism and creator of the term collective unconscious. Jung (1875 – 1961) was born in Switzerland and learned from Sigmund Freud, a psychoanalytic critic, before breaking off and creating his own literary theory. Because of his shift to the Archetypal theory, also called mythic criticism, Jung was repelled by the psychoanalytic community, until he came up with the idea of a collective unconscious. “Jung’s ideas caused him to be banished from the psychanalytic community for the next five years. During this time, he formulated his own model of the human psyche, which would become his most important contribution to psychology and literary criticism (Bressler).” The collective unconscious is the common knowledge of themes and archetypes that every human has gained from ancestral memory. This is the bases for Archetypal criticism, the reason for humans being able to recognize archetypes and recurring patterns in literature. Archetypal literary works relate to the beliefs, knowledge, and desires of readers through recognizable themes and archetypes (Bressler 149). Archetypes are universally recognized patterns, characteristics, or objects that invoke similar emotional responses from every person. Archetypes give literary works deeper meaning because
The Jungian approach was brought about by Carl Jung. He believed in the concept of individuation. This is the process of discovering what makes a person different form everyone else. The Jungian approach looks at one’s self through three aspects. These three aspects are the shadow, the persona, and the anima. This is said to be seen through the idea of an archetype. Jung’s concept of archetype is viewed through a symbol, character, situation, or image that evokes a deep universal response (Guerin). Archetypal literary criticism construes a text by focusing on recurring myths, prototypes and symbolisms in the narrative.
In 1835, Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote a short story called “Young Goodman Brown.” This story takes place in the woods of Salem Village, Massachusetts. The main character, Goodman Brown, walks into the forest one night and meets a number of town members participating in what seems like a witch ceremony. It changes his outlook on the village people. The entire short story takes place in one night and the morning after. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s great grandfather served as a judge on the salem witch trials in 1692 and sentenced twenty five women to death. This is not how Hawthorne wanted to be remembered so he changed his last name from Hathorne to Hawthorne. Three of the characters in the story are based on three of the women that were accused of
In Steppenwolf, the author, Hermann Hesse, presents to us a central conflict inside the protagonist Harry Haller’s psyche, in which his humanity and his wolf-like solitude and belligerence split against each other in order to fortify its own existence, (thereby, referring to himself as the lone wolf of the Steppe). Largely influenced by prominent Carl Jung’s psychoanalysis, Hesse portrays the whole spiritual crisis as a struggle amidst distinct modes of behaviors and partial consciousness, or the so-called “archetypes” in Jungian Psychology. Archetypes, which may either interfere or harmonize with one another, are most explicitly forged into characters and scenes of the Magic Theater he enters, a fantasized stage that is set to reflect the mentality of the Steppenwolf himself. According to Jung, one should be able to assemble as many diversified archetypes as possible so to be a more complete person spiritually; Harry Haller, through his experience in the theater, explores new archetypes that lie beyond his past psychological limitations. Particularly in the scene of “Jolly Hunting: Great Hunt in Automobiles,” which happened in one separated room along the horseshoe-shaped corridor, the conflict between Haller’s various archetypes is most vividly animated through dramatization, evoking his subconscious anticipations of the disparate personalities to be encountered within himself. At the meantime, the experience of “Jolly Hunting” brings Harry Haller to his ultimate realization of his self-imposed limitations of a mere dual-faced psyche between “man and wolf” and allows him to expand and individuate other undiscovered subconscious complexes into his own personalities.