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The role of peasants in medieval Europe
The role of peasants in medieval Europe
Critical analysis of Saint Joan
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Around January 6th, 1412, a girl named Joan was born in a small peasant village. Although her family lived a peasant life they lived comfortably until one day, at the age of 13, Joan started hearing voices in her head that was said to be from ‘saints’. The saints urged her to go to the dauphin (the oldest son of the king) and ask permission to lead the fight so she could save France from the English that had been fighting for around 60 years before her birth. The ‘saints’ also told her to help the king get crowned at the Reims which was in English’s hands. This war is known as the hundred year war. This war was started because Charles IV of France died and the dauphin, Charles, was meant to be crowned as king but the English didn’t agree. Joan attempted to …show more content…
persuade the dauphin multiple times to let her lead the fight in the ongoing war so he could be king.
Eventually he let her after testing if the saints actually helped her in times of need. She won battles in Troyes, Orleans and many more. She was victorious, but wasn’t needed after a while so was awarded and thanked her for her services. After that Charles the 7th was crowned king. Even though she didn’t have to, Joan was conceited and continued fighting for the dauphin but wasn’t as victorious and lucky which got her captured by the English during the war. She was so popular that they considered her as a valuable hostage. Since she had voices in her head, court didn’t trust her and thought she had performed witchcraft to win the war and thought the voices were coming from the devil. She was sentenced to be burned at the stake for these reasons. She was significant towards the medieval society because she won many fights while she was in charge and was tremendous help in the 100 years’ war, which made her well known. She was also popular because they were scared of her. They were scared of her as they thought she was going to use her powers on them. Although she helped the king get crowned King Charles did not help because he didn’t like to be told what to do by peasants. She died at the age of 19 in
1431. Now, we think of her as a strong, brave leader instead of a witch performing magic to win the war for France. She is a considered a courageous warrior that died because of ridiculous reasons such as witchcraft which is impossible therefore false although we still think of her as a leader that had the chance to take back France. The people of France finally believed she was innocent in 1456, 25 years later. She believed in something so much that she died for it.
One day, she heard the voices of three saints: Michael Margaret, and Catherine, who told her how to save France. Joan immediately went out and informed the people of France of her mission. However, many people ignored her and her claims. Though, after Joan correctly predicted the outcome of many battles, she was recruited for her “tactical ability,” because they didn’t know that her predictions came from the saints. In April 1429, Joan convinced the dauphin to give her military assistance to attempt to free Orleans from the English. She led the army into the battle wearing a suit of white armor while holding a banner that showed the Trinity and the stated "Jesus, Maria." She won the day and freed Orleans as well as capture surrounding English
After a small victory of reclaiming Melun, her voices forebodes that she’ll be captured before the Feast of St. John, which comes true as she is captured on May 23, 1430, after she was pulled off her horse. Joan is soon imprisoned in Beaulieu and then to Beaurevoir by Jean de Luxembourg, but she is treated kindly by his aunt, wife, and daughter, who weren't able to stop Jean from selling her to the English, and then in December, Joan is sent to the Rouen, Normandy to be on trial in January 1431 that would continue for three months by Bishop Cauchon and churchmen from the University of Paris, who fearing Joan’s independence from the Church and her power, with mainly “evidence” from English and Burgundian tales of Joan’s witchcraft, Joan’s voices, and male dress alongside her other sins of attacking on a holy day and attempting suicide, accuse her of being a witch, a heretic, and a tool of the Devil. To their surprise, Joan’s calmly responded to each answer and swore on the Gospel that she’ll tell the truth, but she’ll not reveal any information about her revelations, which alongside her refusal to answer some of their questions convinced them that Joan was indeed not telling the truth. Finally, when Joan describes
B. Joan of Arc women, but have you ever read about a female general who led her troops against the enem and won? There are not many of them, and in medieval Europe there was only one loan of Arc, who was she? And how did it happen that a young girl who never learned to read and write became a general? At that time there were many wars between England and France to decide who should rule France. In i428 the English had almost won and there seemed to be no hope for the French. Then something strange happened. A 17-year-old girl came to the French King Charles VII and told him that she had been sent by God to drive the English out of France and to see him crowned. The girl was loan of Arc Joan of Arc is one of the most romantic figures
Born March 23, 1430, Margaret of Anjou (Margaret d'Anjou in French)at Pont-à-Mousson, France to Rene of Anjou and Isabella, Duchess of Loreine. Margaret had been born into a great noble family, not only was she the daughter of a duke and niece of King Charles VII of France, she was also a descent of two queens of England: Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror and Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II. Yet while Margaret grew up in a cultured court setting, the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453), a conflict over the French throne between main belligerents of France and England was raging. The constant threat of danger would have a greater affect on a young Margaret more than anyone could have imagined.
Joan of Arc -Joan of Arc was a peasant girl living in Medieval France. She believed that God had chosen her to lead France to victory against England because she had visions, she was soon captured by Anglo Burgundian forces and tried for witchcraft and heresy and burned at the stake.
In 1455 Joan’s family asked for another trial to reconsider Joan’s charges and a year later she was announced innocent (Schmalz). In 1920, Joan was canonized as a saint (“Joan of Arc”). Joan’s many contributions have made a huge impact on our history. It is impossible to know what the western world would be like today without Joan’s immense influence during the Hundred Years’ War. Even though she was a woman and acted in a different position than tradition dictated, Joan of Arc impacted the Hundred Years’ War immensely, influencing significant strategic wins more than any other warrior, and turning the tide of the war from an English victory to a French triumph.
The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) consisted of numerous small raids between local armies in which the French suffered many losses. Two of these losses included the battles at Crecy and Poitiers. However, over time, the French rebounded after the victory at the battle in Orleans in 1429, which was led by 17-year old French peasant, Joan of Arc. Before going into battle, Joan sent a letter to the English demanding that they leave France. Joan’s letter to the king of England in 1429 and her role in the battle at Orleans played a symbolic role and affected the French’s success in the Hundred Years’ War by increasing French spirits and showing the weakness of the English.
Joan of Arc helped France take back their land from the English, the at the age of 19 she was executed for her crimes against England, but what she did was right. After the execution french people were calling her saint and then some English people began realizing that she was actually was a saint. including the Secretary to the King of England, Jean Tressard, said "We are all ruined, for a good and holy person was burned" (Tressard). This was a case of injustice because Joan was just doing what was right but was wrongfully blamed. To continue at Joan’s trial Jean Brehal the Inquisitor stated that the court was being run with “...manifest malice against the Roman Catholic Church, and indeed heresy” (Brehal). This finally got Joan justice but after she was executed. Joan had faced injustice in her life but still is a hero for it because she did what was
The fifteenth century was a gruesome era in world history. Church and state were not separated which caused many problems because the Church officials were often corrupt. The story of Joan of Arc, portrayed by George Bernard Shaw, impeccably reflects the Church of the 1400’s. Joan, a French native, fought for her country and won many battles against England. But Joan’s imminent demise came knocking at her door when she was captured by the English. She was charged with heresy because the armor she wore was deemed for men only but she justified her actions by stating that God told her to do it. Today, Joan of Arc would be diagnosed schizophrenic because of the voices in her head but she would still be respected for serving in the military. But in the fifteenth century, she was labeled as nothing more than a deviant. She was tried and the Inquisitor characterized her as a beast that will harm society. Through his sophistic reasoning, loaded diction, and appeals to pathos and ethos, the Inquisitor coaxed the court into believing Joan was a threat to society and she had to pay the ultimate price.
issue of war and while on the surface it puts England and Henry in a
On August 24, 1572 St. Bartholomew Day Massacre happened. It was the murder of French Protestants or Huguenots which began in Paris. It was on a morning that French Catholic troops started to kill defenseless Protestants who met for a royal marriage. The tragedy killed about two thousand persons in Paris and another three thousand in other local cities. The massacre was prompted by Catherine de' Medici and it was allowed by Charles IX. It was a serious shock to French Protestantism. Its definitive outcome was to strengthen the struggle of enduring Huguenots to the pressures of the Catholics. Also, open religious conflict was soon improved. The events of the St. Bartholomew Day Massacre organize the most notorious event in the French Wars of Religion. Also, it caused a turning point in these wars. In the following paragraphs I will explain how it started, it significant, and it effects.
Stella Cross is an interesting character in the Novel Alive. She displays several qualities which make her interesting. Stella is eager we witness this when she is about to go back to school after her long wait for her heart transplant. She is also insecure we witness this trait when she refers to her little sister as her replacement and when she talks about how she isn’t the most attractive. Lastly, Stella is curious we witness this when she decides to go after a boy who “literally” makes her heart jump out at him, but later comes to find out that he is the boy who died to give her, her heart and later he tries to kill her.
In May of 1337, the nations were looking for national identity and were attempting to become stronger. This provided the fuel needed for the Hundred Years War that was sparked by Edward III's claim to the French throne. Charles IV succeeded his father Phillip IV the Fair to the French throne, and died leaving no male heir. The 15 year old English king at the time, Edward III, grandson of Phillip the Fair claimed the throne as his own, but the French barons instead placed Charles IV's cousin, Phillip VI of Valois on the throne. This situation provided the start of the war, but was not the only reason behind it. There was a lot of background as to why the war started. The Hundred Years War was not one large war, but many small, continuous wars in a long period of time, lasting roughly 116 years.
Joan was born in a place you would not expect a hero to be born. She was born in the small village of Domremy to a shepherd named Jacque D’ Arc. She grew up with no education and her job was a shepherdess. This one detail proves even more that Joan was the best heroine ever. Not only was she a girl, but she was a poor girl in a poor place. This made it difficult for Joan to win respect with many of the nobleman of France and commanders in the army later in her life. (Williams, Pg.12 and 13) “Joan had to increase her efforts because she appeared on the stage of history at a time when men wrote the script and played the leading roles.” (Struchen, Pg.17)
The 14th century is ranked as one of the most distressing epochs in the history of Western culture. With the transformation of the Holy Roman Empire into a greatly destabilized elective monarchy, the transfer in political power from Germany to France and the escalation of England's power comes the end of the High Middle Ages in which Europe sank into a time of despair. Many events were responsible for this decline and loss of hope. Among them, three deserve special attention: the Great Schism, the Hundred Years War, and the Black Plague.