The first quote I choose was [R]espondents who said they had filed bankruptcy ... rated their overall financial knowledge more, not less, positively than other respondents did. The difference was slight, but it was beyond a statistical doubt: 23 percent of the recently bankrupted respondents gave themselves the highest possible self-rating; among the rest, only 13 percent did so. Why the self-confidence? Like Jimmy Kimmel’s victims, bankrupted respondents were particularly allergic to saying “I don’t know.” Once I read this I noticed that this sounded a lot like the Dunning Kruger Effect from Journal five. This stated that people think that they are smarter than they actually are giving them a type of false confidence. The 23 percent of them
“Limited Information is really how we err. But it is also how we think.” The act of actively combating our inductive bias in Kathryn Schulz’s Evidence
In fact, we are not so we use the “immune system” to comfort ourselves through self-deception. In order to keep in comfortable safety lines that boost our own confidence in learning, we try to gain control of the input and output of our thinking. However, by trying to maintain positivity, we may mask our inability to comprehend, thus deceiving ourselves by believing that everything is still in control. Consequently, we do not attempt to solve the problem. This method of self-consolation utilizes the “immune system” to explain the problem, “we may refer to the processes by which the psychological immune system does its job as ‘tactics’ or ‘strategies’, but these terms - with their inevitable connotation of planning and deliberation - should not cause us to think of people as manipulative schemers who are consciously trying to generate positive views of their own experience” (Gilbert 131). When things are out of control or the unexpected happens, we automatically explain or find excuses to interpret the situation. We look for excuses that lead to positive outcomes, no matter how unpleasant it really is. Because we subconsciously want to interpret that we are still in control, we find ways to manipulate the truth to qualify that truth. Once a “reasonable” explanation is conjured, we consciously believe it is the truth because we can decrease the negative impact of the event. Even though the truth has been made up, we
The skit known as, “The Great Flydini” from the late night talk show Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson, can provide many examples of the types of humor. The skit starts off with the magician, Flydini, walking onstage and immediately pulling his zipper down. After pulling his zipper down, objects start to pop out of his pants such as flowers, rags, a puppet and much more. At one point, he has a phone come out and ring for a woman who is standing next to him. Once he walks offstage, the way that his left hand had been fake the entire time, and his real left hand was taking care of all the antics, was revealed. Then, he comes back onstage to bow and end his show.
Higgins, Tory. “Self-Discrepancy Theory: What Patterns of Self-Beliefs Cause People to Suffer?”(1989). Advances in Experimental Social psychology, Vol.22 (1989):93-136. Academic Press Inc.
One of the last types of ways investigators are coached to detect deception is in the behavioral attitudes of a person being interviewed such as being unconcerned or over anxious (Kassin, 2005). The success rate of looking for these cues are very successful in telling if an individual is being deceitful and has surpassed any laboratory tests conducted on the subject. The laboratory test however did reveal some interesting facts. The research showed that people who had training and experience did not score better than the control group who received no training. In fact all individuals scored at the chance level with the people who had training scored just above chance or at the chance level. To check if special training in the detection of deception was more accurate a study ...
The ultimate aspect of self deception can be portrayed through wooden headedness; Wooden headedness is an individual does not accept facts to be the truth. Wooden headedness possesses the tendency to defeat the embraced idea of open mindedness. Historian Barbara Tuchman asserts the belief that wooden headedness is a widely occurring phenomenon in organizations and human behaviors. Throughout human affairs, the behavior of wooden headedness is quite common and surfaces more frequently than expected.
Nowadays, snap judgment can be more authentic than the considered one. In the book named Blink, Malcolm Gladwell provides several examples of what he calls “thin-slicing,” which is using the minimal information to make a quick conclusion or judgment about certain situations or people’s characteristics. In the introduction of the book, Gladwell gives an example of J. Paul Getty Museum’s purchase of a sculpture, which later turns out to be a forgery. The museum buys the Kouros after 14 months on investing; however, after displaying the statue, experts express the abnormal of it and later find out that the sculpture is fake. In addition, the author introduces the idea of “thin-slicing” by mentioning the experiments that psychologist John Gottman
When someone is thinking of a man, what do they think? Strong? Brave? That’s what most people think; in reality that is a very false image. In “Bros Before Hos: The Guy Code,” Michael Kimmel, talks about what it means to be a man and what it takes to be a man in today’s world. Men are pressured into what they “should” be. If they don’t follow certain unwritten rules, which include: not asking for directions, not giving up, not showing fear, or any signs of emotional weakness, such as tears; they are considered less than a man, a wimp. A real man must be aggressive and brave, he must defend his territory: status, family, possessions. Men blindly follow the Guy Code, they believe in order to fit in, they must comply and be part of the pack.
This essay touched on the topics of Negativity Bias, Confirmation Bias, and Gamblers Fallacy, and Illusion of control. Each is just a few samples of a massive plethora of biases and theories based upon humanity. Most people have certain biases that govern their subconscious and will trigger if certain scenarios are met. It is hard to change some effects, like confirmation bias, after it has occurred because it easier to go along with preconceived notion rather than put the effort in reshaping thought
Sutliff, Usha. “‘Liars’ Brains Wired Differently.” USC News. USC University of Southern California. 19 Sept. 2005. Web. 11 December 2013.
and the presence of distorted perceptions (Kolb & Whishaw, 2011). As a result of the
Psychological theorists such as Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Gordon Allport and Carl Rogers most importantly contributed significantly to the phenomenon under study and its importance in human development. Rogers stated that the synonym self- concept (self) “is entirely conscious, and represents part of the tip of the constantly flowing fountain of subjective experience (Ewen., 2010). Such an assessment of your self-concept is alluded to as self-esteem. Similarly, as with generally angles of identity, self-regard is a consistent variable; a man 's score may fall any place from low through normal to high. This goes to show that accurate self-knowledge acts as an important criterion of mental health and intra psychic conflicts. Other theorist however cointed definition that they each believed were relieve and captures what these terms meant as they contributed to the development of personality and behavior: Self-Esteem: How you evaluate yourself; your sense of personal worth. Positive Self-Regard (Rogers): Accepting and respecting yourself, even in the absence of receiving positive regard from other people. Perceived Self-Efficacy (Bandura): The extent to which you believe that you can cope with the demands of a given situation. An Inferiority Complex (Adler): The belief that you cannot overcome your problems through appropriate effort. Self-Contempt (Horney):
...serve that their peers hold their own views with equal strength, which often contradict one another. An umbrella defense mechanism for one's own pride is to put a disclaimer on all of one's beliefs that there is a possibility that they are mistaken. This is merely a nominal statement, and all the parties involved are aware that the person is not actually pointing out his own faults. This approach, however, creates the same paradox, because one would not need to create a defense mechanism against being wrong if he truly believed that he was right!
Poeschl, G. (2001). Social comparison and differentiation strategies in social representations of intelligence. Swiss Journal of Psychology/Schweizerische Zeitschrift Für Psychologie/Revue Suisse De Psychologie, 60(1), 15-26.
In sports, education, and careers, there have always been moments where a woman who takes part in these is discriminated solely for their gender. What makes a male physician discriminate a female peer in the first place? If they were able to work to the same level as a male physician then that should be enough. Nevertheless, that is not the case in a career that dominated by men; to men, they judge women based on their appearances and their personalities rather than focusing on the knowledge and proficiencies that they can contribute to the workplace. Regarding appearance, many people will judge others based on their physical appearance. This, in turn, influences the way other peers or subordinates will respond or act when around the individuals being judged. For instance, when a female physician begins her residency or career, the men who work there will not concentrate on the skills that got her to this stage of medical education but only on what is seen on the outside. According to Michael Kimmel’s article Fired for Being Beautiful, “discrimination based on beauty is rooted in the same sexist principle as discrimination against the ugly.