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Immigrant women in the 20th century
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Young Japanese immigrant women migrated to California around the 20th century. Many migrated to California to join families that were already established in the state, while others came with their husbands to start a new life in California. Some Japanese women followed their husbands, fulfilling their family responsibilities by being good wives. These Japanese women encountered hardships as compared to other American women because of their ethnicity, new lifestyles such as, keeping their traditional Japanese culture, while assimilating into Californian culture and the fact that they were a minority group. Three particular Japanese immigrant women have shared part of their stories with an interview that discusses their experiences in the “Old Country” and their experiences within California. These first-hand experiences showed California’s diversity and the importance of the transitions that occurred for California and women within the state; such as being solemnly caregivers to having the ability to study, work, while caregiving for their family. This allows one to view the variety of roles women “could obtain” and the false illusions that came with causing the struggle within their lives. They discuss their lives in California including: duties as women, their social life, education, and the working opportunities they were able to obtain. Japanese immigrant women had to put their dreams aside and follow the traditional female archetype within California because of their old traditional customs in Japan and the obstacles they experienced in California, which allowed them to fulfill their traditional Japanese culture within another country, but not accomplish a Californian lifestyle because they were following their Japanese custom...
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...Social Forces 85, no. 4 (June 2007): 1713-1734.
Romero, Mary. “Nanny Diaries and Other Stories: Immigrant Women’s Labor in the Social Reproduction of American Families.” Revista De Estudios Sociales no. 45 (January 2013): 186-197.
Roos, Patricia A., and Joyce F. Hennessy. “Assimilation or Exclusion? Japanese and Mexican Americans in California.” Sociological Forum 2, no. 2 (Spring 1987): 278-304.
Sakai, Tamao (interview), 1980, Stockton Immigrant Women, MSS 239, 2, Holt-Atherton Department of Special Collections, University of the Pacific Library.
Sakamoto, Taylor. “The Triumph and Tragedies of Japanese Women in America: A View Across Four Generations.” History Teacher 41, no. 1 (November 2007): 97-122.
Weinberg, Sydney Stahl. “The Treatment of Women in Immigration History: A Call for Change.” Journal of American Ethnic History 11, no. 4 (Summer 1992): 25.
Shoemaker, Nancy. “ Native-American Women in History.” OAH Magazine of History , Vol. 9, No. 4, Native Americans (Summer, 1995), pp. 10-14. 17 Nov. 2013
Matsumoto studies three generations, Issei, Nisei, and Sansei living in a closely linked ethnic community. She focuses her studies in the Japanese immigration experiences during the time when many Americans were scared with the influx of immigrants from Asia. The book shows a vivid picture of how Cortex Japanese endured violence, discriminations during Anti-Asian legislation and prejudice in 1920s, the Great Depression of 1930s, and the internment of 1940s. It also shows an examination of the adjustment period after the end of World War II and their return to the home place.
Martinez, Demetria. 2002. “Solidarity”. Border Women: Writing from la Frontera.. Castillo, Debra A & María Socorro Tabuenca Córdoba. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 168- 188.
The story “Woman Hollering Creek" by Sandra Cisneros describes the lives of Mexicans in a Chicago neighborhood. She depicts the life that women endure as Latino wives through her portrayal of the protagonist, Cleofilas. For Cisneros being a Mexican-American has given her a chance to see life from two different cultures. In addition, Cisneros has written the story from a woman’s perspective, illustrating the types of conflicts many women face as Latino wives. This unique paradigm allows the reader to examine the events and characters using a feminist critical perspective.
As many women took on a domestic role during this era, by the turn of the century women were certainly not strangers to the work force. As the developing American nation altered the lives of its citizens, both men and women found themselves struggling economically and migrated into cities to find work in the emerging industrialized labor movement . Ho...
Sugiman, Pamela. "Passing Time, Moving Memories: Interpreting Wartime Narratives Of Japanese Canadian Women." Social History / Histoire Sociale 37.73 (2004): 51-79. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 8 Apr. 2014.
Williams, Norma. (2009). The Mexican American family: tradition and change. New York: General Hall. (Primary)
Japanese immigration created the same apprehension and intolerance in the mind of the Americans as was in the case of Chinese migration to the U.S at the turn of the 19th century. They developed a fear of being overwhelmed by a people having distinct ethnicity, skin color and language that made them “inassimilable.” Hence they wanted the government to restrict Asian migration. Japan’s military victories over Russia and China reinforced this feeling that the Western world was facing what came to be known as “yellow peril”. This was reflected in the media, movies and in literature and journalism.4 Anti-Oriental public opinion gave way to several declarations and laws to restrict Japanese prosperity on American land. Despite the prejudice and ineligibility to obtain citizenship the ...
Some were as young as fourteen while some were mothers who were forced to leave their child behind in Japan, but for these women the sacrifice will be worth it once they get to San Francisco. Yet, the women desired a better life separate from their past, but brought things that represent their culture desiring to continue the Buddha traditions in America; such as, their kimonos, calligraphy brushes, rice paper, tiny brass Buddha, fox god, dolls from their childhood, paper fans, and etc. (Otsuka, 2011, p. 9) A part of them wanted a better life full of respect, not only toward males but also toward them, and away from the fields, but wanted to continue the old traditions from their home land. These hopes of a grand new life was shattered when the boat arrived to America for none of the husbands were recognizable to any of the women. The pictures were false personas of a life that didn’t really exist for these men, and the men were twenty years older than their picture. All their hopes were destroyed that some wanted to go home even before getting off the boat, while others kept their chins up holding onto their hope that maybe something good will come from this marriage and walked off the boat (Otsuka, 2011, p.
...wler-Salamini and Mary Kay Vaughan, eds Creating Spaces, Shaping Transitions: Women of the Mexican Countryside, 1850-1990 Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1994.
In Monica Sone’s memoir, “Nisei Daughter”, her experience in the camps ran by the United States during World War II alters her perception of the U.S, causing her to embrace her Japanese roots. In 1941 Japans attack on the U.S creates a discriminatory environment for Japanese’s Americans. In the time of horror, Sone finds herself relating more to her Japanese heritage. The structure of the memoir focus mainly on Sone’s life before World War II, as a Nisei Japanese living the American dream. In the beginning chapters, Sone lives a typical American life. However, the last portion of the memoir gives an insight to the drastic change caused by Pearl Harbor. This forces Sone to identity as a Japanese, and later leads her to embracement of her Japanese
Within the United States, the attitude towards Asian American immigrants have changed from being seen as a menace to society to becoming praised as the model minority. Under the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, the United States was looking to accept model immigrants by prioritizing those with higher education and desirable skills for the workforce. This immigration policy caused an influx of middle to upper class Asian immigrants to come to the United States, which is the root for the model minority stereotype that is attached to the Asian American community. Yet, the idea of being the model minority does not extend to all Asian immigrants especially those who came to the United States seeking refuge from various conflicts such as the Vietnam War. Thus, the model minority myth is damaging for the Asian American community because it ignores those who do not fits this stereotype which is reflected in Erika Lee’s book, The Making of Asia America, and the film Children of Invention.
The California experience of the East Bay African-Americans and the Los Angeles Native-American Indians were similar in terms of opportunity, but culturally unique. This paper will compare and contrast the experiences of Africa-Americans in the East Bay during WWII, based upon the readings of Gretchen Lemke Santangelo’s “Abiding Courage: African American Migrant Women and the East Bay Community”, and American Indians in Los Angeles, as described in the Nicholas G. Rosenthal’s work, “Reimaging Indian Country, Native American Migration and Identity in the Twentieth-Century Los Angeles.”
3. Anita Edgar Jones, "Mexican Colonies in Chicago," Social Service Review 2 ( December 1928): 39-54.
In addition, shortly thereafter, she and a small group of American business professionals left to Japan. The conflict between values became evident very early on when it was discovered that women in Japan were treated by locals as second-class citizens. The country values there were very different, and the women began almost immediately feeling alienated. The options ...