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Introduction to the role of corporate Governance
Importance of internal and external audits
Importance of auditing standards
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Recommended: Introduction to the role of corporate Governance
Auditing as a profession as evolved drastically over decades and as time has passed auditing activities has expanded from performing specific assurance activities for management, to assisting and advising management with their specific business activities. The Institute of Internal Auditors define internal auditing as ‘”…an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organisation's operations. It helps an organisation accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes.’ (Institute of Internal Auditors, 2013) Through this definition it can be explained why auditors can be seen as the ‘eyes and ears’ of management. Concentrating specifically on the principles of Governance, the usage of Internal Auditing Standards, the Current Role of Internal Auditing in SA, reviewing current crisis, the importance of Internal Auditing to management is evident.
2. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES RELATED TO GOVERNANCE
2.1 Corporate Governance in South Africa
To understand the role internal auditors play in improving governance processes, one has to fully understand the meaning of the word governance and also the role governance plays in South Africa. Smerdon states that corporate governance is ‘the system by which companies are directed and controlled.’ (Smerdon, 1998, p.1) It is said that corporate governance was introduced due to the agency problem which was that managers of companies used their control or position to their own advantage and to the business’s disadvantage. Corporate governance was initiated to ensure that the agents of the owners of the companies acted at the best i...
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...r insights on these issues.
The development in corporate governance has been one on the most significant factors that has contributed to the growth of internal auditing over the past few years. Governance frameworks and models vary according to the type of organisation. Corporate governance is South Africa is developing at a rapid rate and due to this; the role of governance needs to be consistently updated.
The internal auditing profession is new in South Africa and through the compliance with these standards, structure and support is given to these developing internal auditors.
Therefore, it is evident that mangers and internal auditors have common objectives and this would be to achieve the proposed objectives. In this way auditors can be seen as the eyes and ears of management, providing independent assurance and consulting activities to reach common goals.
The oversight responsibilities of the board, the CAE lacking of expertise or broad understanding of financial controls and responsibilities, and the understaffed internal audit functions lacking of independence and direct access to the board of directors contributed to the absence of internal controls. To begin with, the board should be retrained to achieve financial literacy to review financial reporting. Other than attending formal meetings, the board of directors should be more involved with the management. For the Audit Committee, the two members who were recruited as acquaintances to Brennahan need be replaced with experts who are more sufficiently knowledgeable about accounting rules beyond merely “financially literate”. Furthermore, the internal audit functions need to expand with different expertise commensurate with the expanded activities of the organization, testing financial reporting rather than internal controls from an operational perspective. The CAE should be more independent and proactive to execute audit plans, instead of following orders from the CFO, and initiate a direct and efficient communication between internal audit and audit
Bibliography: Turnbull, S. (1997). Corporate governance: its scope, concerns and theories. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 5 (4), pp. 180--205.
According to the article authored by Mark Rupert, what are the seven best practices in the roles and responsibilities of an internal audit function?
This report gives the brief overview of the concept of corporate governance, its evolution and its significance in the corporate sector. The report highlights various key issues and concerns that are faced by the organizations while effectively implementing and promoting Corporate Governance.
Solomon, J (2013). Corporate Governance and Accountability. 4th ed. Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p.7, p9, p10, p15, p58, p60, p253.
Auditing is in the challenging position with the emerging technologies and real-time approach in doing business. The audit is a complex activity; this profession has been through many significant changes over the time. The changes that were important for auditing to be updated with the changing business environment. All the changes were done as per the requirements of the legislation that shaped the auditing profession. The main purpose of this paper is to examine what different legislations and how the legislation shaped the audit profession over the past century.
Corporate governance changed drastically after the case of Andersen Auditors, Enron’s auditing service showed that they contributed to the scandal. Andersen was originally founded in 1913, and by taking tough stands against clients, quickly gained a national reputation as a reliable keeper of the people’s trust (Beasley, 2003). Andersen provided auditing statements with a ‘clean’ approval stamp from 1997 to 2001, but was found guilty of obstructing justice by shredding evidence relating to the Enron scandal on the 15th June 2002. It agrees to cease auditing public companies by 31 August (BBC News, 2002).
The HoneyTree was hired by another company to conduct a security audit to examine the vulnerabilities of its information systems. To complete the security audit, it must be determined if there are vulnerabilities of its informational system. The set up and the overall security of the network area will be tested. The company is a five building campus. All five buildings, inside and outside will be tested. The perimeter of the campus will also be tested to make sure that no internet service is outside the campus. In order to complete the audit a list of all users, databases, and passwords will be needed. Access to the grounds to observe who has access to what will also be crucial. Going in and out of buildings into rooms will help identify which rooms have computers and who has access to them. Access to servers and the central hub will also be needed to test the security.
For instance, through introducing a disciplined approach IA can enhance and assess the efficiency of risk management, control and governance processes. The requirement for establishment of IA differs from the requirement for external auditors. However, The UK Corporate Governance code demand all listed companies to obtain an IA department. In order to found an efficient internal audit department, there are several factors that must be considered. Therefore in this text we are going to discuss in brief some of the factors that Dust& Rolls ' finance director must consider prior establishing such department (Millichamp and
Since the adoption of the 1996 Constitution, South African law has been reviewed comprehensively. One of the scrutinised areas is corporate governance. Because company management is a vital task to the company and the shareholders, directors play a very important role in the execution of this task. It should be noted that a company cannot act in its own. It acts through its representatives which consist of the board of directors as entrusted with the management of the company’s business. Cumulatively they are subjected to fiduciary duties. These duties bind directors, individually and collectively, with the obligation to act in the best interests of the company and to do so in good faith. Within these director’s duties to act in good faith lies the duty of director’s not to unlawfully
The board of directors installed the Institute of Directors of South Africa’s Governance Assessment Instrument (GAI). This was done so the continuation of improvements on governance practices are done. This tool helps asses the groups performance on governance practices according to the recommended practices of the King III.
The major characters of the tradition audit are all information what is needed by auditors are on the paper and the manual calculators and without high communication technology. Auditors usually were limited by the place in the paper time. When a several people are working on the same auditing project for a client with offices in cities across the country, even worldwide, it takes a lots all time those auditors get the information which they need from the client, even there is risk paper information disappear for many reasons. on the another hand, mail paper information increase the auditing cost. The mistake caused by the manual calculators inevitably, no matter how fixed auditors concentrate on recalculate is, after all auditors are human. The global business become major in the modern business world, some example, several auditors who are in different locations are working a same auditing project, or auditors are in different city even country with the client, when there is issue among these auditors or between auditors and client, they only can communicate with each other by phone or be together and have meeting. Phone call can not make sure information been watched in the same time when the voice is talking about the issue, but having a meeting takes time and money make all people together, it increases auditing cost.
Internal auditing is a process which provides assurance and consulting service like evaluate the controls, performance efficiency, detect the risk management and governance to a public and private entity in order to adding value to the organization.
Salehi (2009) states that external auditors have a role to monitor the performance of the company on behalf of the shareholders to ensure the truth and fairness of financial statements by giving an independent audit opinion. Thus, reducing the risk of management manipulation, concealment and boosts the credibility of the financial information provided for
Auditing has been the backbone of the complicated business world and has always changed with the times. As the business world grew strong, auditors’ roles grew more important. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed. It also became easier with the use of internal controls, which introduced the need for testing, not a complete audit. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. Computers played an important role of changing the way audits were performed and also brought along some difficulties.