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In this essay, the question “To what extent is ‘integration’ a policy exchange in contexts of superdiversity?” will be discussed and explored in detail.
Steven Vertovec describes the term ‘super-diversity,’ as a “notion intended to underline a level and kind of complexity surpassing anything the country has previously experienced. Such a condition is distinguished by a dynamic interplay of variables among an increased number of new, small and scattered, multiple-origin, transnationally connected, socio-economically differentiated and legally stratified immigrants who have arrived over the last decade” (Vertovec, 2007).
Whilst integration can be defined as “the process by which immigrants become accepted into society, both as individuals and
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This has been reiterated by Kauffman and Harris (2014), as they state that “the speed of change in an area’s ethnic makeup is the most significant factor in the level of local opposition to immigration.” Finney and Simpson then argue that “prevalent myths shape and perpetuate contemporary common sense understandings of population diversity as a threat to “indigenous British” identity. Myths are powerful stories that have influence in politics, the media, and public discourse” (Wolfe, 2010:109) even though they are not true. They’ve also composed challenges to five myths about immigration and integration that underpin the UK’s political and public discourse: “Britain takes too many immigrants,” “So many minorities cannot be integrated,” “Minorities do not want to integrate,” “Britain is becoming a country of ghettos,” and “Minority White Cities” (Wolfe, 2010:109). Trevor Phillips, who was the head of the Commission for Racial Equality in 2005, argued that the UK was ‘sleepwalking’ its way towards segregation on a scale already seen in the USA. The evidence is there to be seen and “it’s just going unspoken” (Casciani, …show more content…
But while policymakers talk about the economic benefits of immigration, many voters remain unconvinced (Ratcliffe, 2014). “British people feel unsettled by the flux and change brought on by immigration. Public attitudes towards immigration are hardening and showing no signs of abating. Politicians and policymakers are faced with the formidable challenge of reconciling the effects of globalisation with an intangible sense of loss of identity across many communities in the UK” (Sachrajda and Griffith, 2014:5). As stated in The Guardian (2014), immigration creates challenges for public services, which are creaking under the weight of the additional demand. Furthermore many schools are unprepared to accommodate children with EASL (English as a second language) whilst hospitals are full of foreign patients who have failed to register with their local GP and social housing lists are growing ever longer. In some regards it is not just the increased numbers but also the changing nature of immigration that has created these impacts, as said by Sunder Katwala, director of British Future. Equally, there is a higher rate of “churn” – immigrants staying here on a temporary basis - that is also changing the dynamic of the way they relate to their communities (Slack,
In “Canadian Multiculturalism: Global Anxieties and Local Debates” Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka challenge the understanding that failed multiculturalism in Europe will follow suit in Canada. Although Canada is not immune from the challenges that can come with multiculturalism, the way in which they tackle problems are country specific and do not necessarily reflect the practice or outcomes of other nations. As UK critic of multiculturalism Trevor Phillips, observes Canada to be ‘sleepwalking towards segregation’ (44) when the dynamics are far more complicated. TRANSITION SENTENCE REQUIRED
Kottak, Conrad Phillip and Kayhryn Kozaitis 2012 On Being Different, Diversity and Multiculturalism in the North American Mainstream, 4th edition, McGraw Hill Press, New York: Chapter 1.
Harris, Colin. "Why Do We Fear Others Who Are Not Like Us?” Ethnics Daily, 20 June
It is true that the more people from different cultures that are in a given area, the more the cultures are diversified. However, with all realities, some claim that immigrants dilute the American culture. Indeed, they cause some changes to the culture. Nevertheless, these changes can bring a wealth of attraction and a source of beauty for the country that everyone should be proud of. It is obvious that every single immigrant in the US has his own culture and way of life. When all these are added together, they form a very rich culture. In addition, they bring various interesting aspects such as food, music, literature, etc. That makes the Americans rich in cultural knowledge. The importance of cultural diversity is that it teaches the people to understand each other’s views, interests, and ideas and helps people view the world in different ways. This would finally lead the society to work towards each other’s interest, mutual goals, and objectives. Tamar Jacoby in his article “Are Today’s Immigrants Assimilating in U.S Society, Yes,” he said that, “Those who are coming now are people who understand cultural fluidity, understand intermarriage and find that a natural, easy thing. This maintains unity and balances in the society” (411). Once this stage is reached, all the problems would be solved. Then it can be said that America has reached a true democracy, echoed by
This essay will discuss the intrinsic relationship between diversity conceptualization and social integration presenting a response against David Brooks’ essay entitled “People Like Us.” In order to do this I will discuss four crucial elements: the influences of different definitions of diversity in cultural unification, Brook’s ideas about social groups working together and social groups coexisting together, the importance of diversity, and the influence of diversity in social changes. I will examine why some people have the perception that our American society ignore or see as unworthy diversity. Thus, I will dispute Brook’s view stating that our society disregards diversity, and Americans just pretend that it is important to them.
One of the biggest, growing debates today is the issue of immigration into the U.S. I just don’t understand why there’s such a big debate. I compare this issue to the issue of racism in the way that, no matter what you do, "they" are always going to be here, and it is only ignorance that keeps the issue ablaze. The fact that migrants are not mostly white these days, also makes the issue one more of race. As Charles S. Clark puts it in The New Immigrants, "In the 1990’s, Americans who grew up in a historically white, Anglo-Saxon society are having to adjust to a Polish-born chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, John Shalikashvili; to Spanish-language editions of People magazine on Seven-11 shelves; and to Buddhist temples and Islamic mosques rising in their communities." In the case of immigration, though, the ignorance is apparent in both the immigrant and the non-immigrant.
In the United States, the cliché of a nation of immigrants is often invoked. Indeed, very few Americans can trace their ancestry to what is now the United States, and the origins of its immigrants have changed many times in American history. Despite the identity of an immigrant nation, changes in the origins of immigrants have often been met with resistance. What began with white, western European settlers fleeing religious persecution morphed into a multicultural nation as immigrants from countries across the globe came to the U.S. in increasing numbers. Like the colonial immigrants before them, these new immigrants sailed to the Americas to gain freedom, flee poverty and famine, and make a better life for themselves. Forgetting their origins as persecuted and excluded people, the older and more established immigrants became possessive about their country and tried to exclude and persecute the immigrant groups from non-western European backgrounds arriving in the U.S. This hostile, defensive, and xenophobic reaction to influxes of “new” immigrants known as Nativism was not far out of the mainstream. Nativism became a part of the American cultural and political landscape and helped to shape, through exclusion, the face of the United States for years to come.
The integration of immigrants in Canada (or any country for that matter) involves integration into three different domains: the social sphere, the economic sphere, and the institutional sphere. (12) Integration into the social sphere refers to immigrants’ ability to create relationships and have social interactions with other Canadians. Integration into the economic sphere refers to immigrants’ ability to enter the labour force and work in jobs that match their qualifications, while integration into the institutional domain refers to immigrants’ ability to become “fully functional citizens, without facing systemic barriers emanating from the structure and functioning of major institutions. A well-integrated immigrant group is one which faces no institutional obstacles, no market disadvantage, and no social isolation.” (12)
The United States has often been referred to as a global “melting pot” due to its assimilation of diverse cultures, nationalities, and ethnicities. In today’s society, this metaphor may be an understatement. Between 1990 and 2010, the number of foreign born United States residents nearly doubled from 20 million to 40 million, increasing the U.S. population from almost 250 million to 350 million people. With U.S. born children and grandchildren of immigrants, immigration contributed to half of this population growth. These immigrants, consisting of mostly Asian and Hispanic backgrounds, have drastically changed the composition of the U.S. population. In 2010, Asians and Hispanics made up 20 percent of the U.S. population, in contrast to a 6 percent share of Asians and Hispanics in 1970. It is predicted that by 2050, the share of immigrants in the United States will increase to one half of the entire population. With this rapid increase in diversity, many citizens have opposing views on its impact on the United States. In my opinion, an increase in immigration does contain both positive and negatives effects, but in general it provides an overriding positive influence on America’s society (“Population”).
It is not easy to fit in a society where a bias government and propaganda creates false stereotypes on immigrants, and most of the American population is not aware of the obstacles that immigrants face. Americans are always “fooled” with false facts, but the “Don’t Shut the Golden Door” article by MacDonald and Sampson is a great piece where the issues of migration in the United States are addressed and presented to the audience in a simple but elaborated way, with clear examples from the influence of migration on the economy and
America is a country that has an unspoken immigration policy, and that is based entirely upon race. This policy has been in effect since we began racial classifications. In J.L. Hochschild’s paper titled “Racial Reorganization and the United States Census 1850-1930 Mulattoes, Half Breeds, Mixed Parentage, Hindoos, and the Mexican Race. Studies in American Political Development.” The reorganization of races was rooted in who is and who isn’t white. What we honestly know is that being white carries a cache and that has never changed. It’s like having a backstage pass to the greatest rock concert ever performed. Everybody you tell wishes they were there too. Within that frame work a determination of whom would be included and who would be excluded would have to be made. Did Native Americans have the ability to assimilate, would Mexicans be included in the Jim Crow laws, and whether all Asians should be excluded from entering the country were questions white people would determine. (J. L. Hochschild 1) And, these questions would form the basis of each groups place on America’s racial totem pole. The focus of Professor Hochschild’s paper is that the Census Bureau is deeply implicated in the social construct of race, and precious little has changed in all that time.
Britain is regarded as one of the most ethically and culturally diverse countries in Europe. According to the 1999 census around 3 million people in the United Kingdom, which equates to 6% of the population, belong to minority ethnic groups (Le Var 1998). The 2001 census suggests that this figure is now around 7.9%, which equates to 4.6 million (Office for National Statistics 2003).
We live in a world of differences. Our world differs view with the people we encounter, the things we learn and the ways we perceive things . We are world of individuals where no person is exactly alike or no group of people is exactly alike. Society is made up of different cultures and religions. Most of us belong to some type of group, these groups give us comfort, we are always more comfortable with those who are similar to us. But when does this become detrimental? Our grouping and separation becomes detrimental when we are presented with someone with differences. The lack of integration within different cultures in today’s society is what keeps us grounded in our own ignorance. It is detrimental to the individual because it keeps us from
More than half of people living in low-income households in London are from ethnic minorities. This is as a result of the high proportion of people from ethnic minorities in London who are in low income combined with the high proportion of the total population in London who are from ethnic minorities. Statistics show that black or minority ethnics (BME) only 20% of the white population live in poverty while people with ethnic origin show much greater numbers. 30% for Indians and Black Caribbean's, 50% for Black Africans, 60% for Pakistanis, 70% for Bangladeshis. The proportion of BME’s in low-income households declined during the late 1990s up to the early 2000s but has been rising since then (Browne, K. et al 2009). It should be noted that the proportion of ethnic people in poverty between 2008 and 2009 was lower than that of a decade previously, however the drop was not large enough to make a significant difference.The effect of this is mostly felt by single mothers, pensioners, children and refugees who Murray (1994) refers to as a new “sub-underclass”. Statistics gathered by JRF show that over half of Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black African children in the UK are growing up in poverty with a staggering 70% of Bangladeshi children growing up poor (Davies, Hugh; Joshi, Heather 1998). Majority of these immigrants have come to Britain in order to find work however statistics...
Immigration poses an ongoing debate in which people are becoming increasingly unsure as to whether immigrants are benefiting their society. This paper will examine three of the main benefits of immigration: the increase in diversity it provides, the rise in skills and labor and the benefits to the economy. Immigration leads to cross-cultural integration, therefore increasing ethnic variety. This increase in diversity is beneficial as it leads to improvements in society, as well as educational development. Increased immigration also means there are more skills and experts available to the hosting countries, as well as extra workers to take up jobs that need filling. Immigration also leads to improvements in the economy as taxes are paid and employment and wages increase.