Infant Control Experiment

399 Words1 Page
bulb-icon

Recommended: Children learning through imitation

The research study this article was based on, Infant control thyself: Infants’ integration of multiple social cues to regulate their imitative behavior, was a cross-sectional experiment of 15 month olds. One hundred fifty 15 month olds were randomly assigned to 5 groups: anger-attentive, anger-distracted, anger-back, anger-absent, and control. In anger-attentive, the emoter looked at the child while the toy was in front of them. In anger-distracted, the emoter read a magazine while facing the child. In anger-back, the emoter was turned opposite from the child so they couldn’t see the child. In anger-absent, the emoter left the room. For each group there was an emoter (unfamiliar female adult) and experimenter (familiar female adult) who interacted …show more content…

The experimenter played with the target act (toy) twice. Then the emoter entered, and the experimenter played with the target act again. The emoter responded, the experimenter gave the child the target act to play with for 20 seconds, and looked away from child. Latency to touch (the time from placement of toy on table to infant first touch), duration of touch (total time infants spent touching toy), and imitation score (how many times the infant played with toy) were recorded (Repacholi, 2014). The amount of time the infant looked at the emoter, and the facial expressions of the infant were observed and converted to a quantitative scale using Hertenstein & Campos, 2004 methods during the 20-second time was also recorded. “Anger-attentive and anger-distracted children took significantly longer to touch the objects than anger-back and control, and anger-attentive took significantly longer to touch than anger-absent. Anger-attentive were less likely to imitate than anger-back, anger-absent, and control. Anger-distracted had lower imitation scores than anger-absent and

Show More
Related

  • My Virtual Child Case Study

    1446 Words  | 3 Pages

    The purpose of this assignment is to answer the three posed questions in regards to my Virtual Child, who I will refer to as Kieran throughout my assignment. I will be describing changes in his exploratory and problem solving behaviors as well as analyzing his temperament. I will also summarize his developmental assessment at nineteen months old that may differ from my perception of what was assessed through his developmental examiner. Kieran was at the age of eight months when I first used the object permanence test developed by Jean Piaget, in the aspect of sensorimotor development in both stage 3 and 4 of the Six Substages of Sensorimotor Development (Table 6-2, pg 154). At stage 3, infants begin to show greater interest in their world with objects becoming incorporated into what is called the secondary circular reaction where they start to learn about the actions associated with objects.

    Read More

  • Self-Recognition in Toddlers

    1906 Words  | 4 Pages

    Nielsen, M., & Dissanayake, C. (2004). Pretend play, mirror self-recognition and imitation: A longitudinal investigation through the second year. Infant Behavior & Development, 27(3), 342-365. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2003.12.006

    Read More

  • Examples Of A Child Observation

    1307 Words  | 3 Pages

    After the child ventured away from his grandmother, someone tried to interact with the child, but had no success; he shied away. However, minutes later the child slowly returned to the person that tried to interact with him and started to initiate interaction with the person. Once the child initiated interaction, he started to express his verbal skills (which are very well developed for a two-year old). The child wanted to play on the play-set (a swing and slide) in the yard so; he pointed to the play-set and said “let’s go there”. He quickly ran to the play-set in complete excitement with a huge smile on face. Once there, he hesitated before he started playing. The child seemed a little stressed in the beginning of his play; his posture and gestures were very stiff. After playing for about thirty minutes, the child returned to the same area that his

    Read More

  • Baby Anxiety Experiment

    663 Words  | 2 Pages

    Schaffer and Emerson (1964) challenged some of Bowlby’s claims which believed that babies have some biological need to attach to their mothers, or at least to a permanent carer. Schaffer and Emerson carried out an ethological study in Scotland which consisted of 60 babies from a working-class sector of Glasgow during the first eighteen months of their lives. They interviewed the mothers every 4 weeks and asked them several questions related to their child’s reaction when faced with a separation distress, e.g. who they smile at, who they respond to, who affects the child most when they leave and so on. Schaffer and Emerson used the results of their interviews to measure separation anxiety. They also observed how the children responded to the presence of the researchers noting how close they could get to the child before causing sings of distress (when they begin to look for their mothers, whimpering). They used these findings to measure stranger anxiety. The research showed as well that many of the children were actually attached to several people. According to Schaffer and Emerson this occurs when there is more than one person in the child’s life who took an interest in them and the infants became attached to them.

    Read More

  • Reading 12 : See Aggression Do Agression !

    1582 Words  | 4 Pages

    Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582.

    Read More

  • Toddler Observation Paper

    998 Words  | 2 Pages

    Toddlers are the epitome of curiosity and energy. From ages 1 – 3, toddlers are always on the go and want to learn about everything in their world. As with infants, no two are alike; each toddler is unique in his or her developmental stages, and each accomplishes milestones at different times. “Although children develop at different rates, there are common stages of development that serve as guidelines for what most children can do by a certain age” (Groark, McCarthy & Kirk, 2014). As seen in the hatfieldmomof3 (2011) video, one observes toddlers at play and can determine the age of the toddlers by their actions and the milestones they have accomplished.

    Read More

  • Rough Draft

    1054 Words  | 3 Pages

    From birth, our everyday experiences and interactions with the people around us help to grow and shape the brain. The child-caregiver relationship is a key element in healthy cognitive development, and has a lasting impact on the child’s life. Through this positive relationship the child learns and cultivates their understanding of people and the world around them. These experiences will help determine the level of motor skills, visual skills, and learning abilities that a child will possess in their future. A responsive caregiver provides the serve-and-return interactions a child needs to develop healthy brain circuitry. A healthy example of serve-and-return is when an infant babbles and gestures to an object, the caregiver responds accordingly by smiling and naming the object. This interaction lays the foundation for creating a link between the object and the word. As children age they learn about cause and effect, spatial relationships, problem solving, number sense, and classification. They learn these skills through the use of symbolic play and imitation.

    Read More

  • Delayed Gratification Essay

    830 Words  | 2 Pages

    As a result of the myelination of the limbic system, growth of the prefrontal cortex and a longer attention span, emotional regulation and cognitive maturation develop together, enabling one another to advance (Berger,2014, p.213). This type of development and level of maturation is most noticeable in children ages four and five because uncontrollable outburst of emotion, such as tantrums and phobias begin to disappear; however, I believe it’s possible for children younger than four to achieve this level of maturation and cognitive development much sooner based on external influences such as parents, friends and their environment. For example, not long after my daughter turned she began to speak in small but full sentences to express her needs and emotions. I’ll never forget the first time I told her no when she made a request. Her facial expression immediately changed and she burst into tears. I was completely at a loss for words, being a first time mother, because I could not understand why she had such a dramatic reaction to being told no. Finally, I realized that even though it was very apparent to myself my reason for saying no, she was not able to comprehend the why at this stage in her life. From that day forward I have made it a conscious effort to explain and demonstrate my actions and the reasons for them;

    Read More

  • What´s Psychology?

    1373 Words  | 3 Pages

    My choice of research was in the play behaviors of children as well as aggression. Breaking the topic down more, behavior relates to the psychology and the psyche of each individual. The definition of psychology is “science of mind and behavior” (Clavijo, 2013). After reading the article by Clavijo, I have realized that psychology can be defined in three ways such as the study of the mind, the study of behavior, and the study of the mind and behavior. In the text “The Developing Person” by Berger, behavior is learned through social learning. Children learn different behaviors through the observation of others, others being children and adults. Different people have affects on a child’s life that can affect their behavior. A child’s behavior is heavily influenced by their parents. A son may speak aggressively and without respect towards his mother because this is the way that his father speaks to her therefore he feels that is how to communicate with his mother (Berger, 200, 2012). Moving into play behaviors, children learn from other children in how to play. Most believe cognitive growth relies on child’s play time. Vygotsky and Piaget both believe that when children play it is beneficial, but according to Vygotsky, playing enables a child to think outside the box and create their own meaning from objects, using their imagination. Piaget believes that child benefit from playing together because children and sharing their knowledge and making it more concrete ideas and thoughts. There are four stages of plays, with the fourth stage being the highest most complicated play which consists of rules and guidelines for the game. The lowest level or play would be functional play being infants shaking rattles, clapping their hands, or blow...

    Read More

  • Violence And Video Games Case Study

    917 Words  | 2 Pages

    The desire of the participants to please adults or behave for them based on rewards is another concern with Bandura et al. (1961) findings. According to Ferguson (2010) children’s innate desire to please their elders may have been a major influence in determining the participant’s aggression towards the Bobo Doll. Given the children were aware of the adult’s expectation to punch or push the Bobo Doll back, the motivation for the children to comply with this expectation was a strong influence in deciding the outcome of their behaviour and hence their aggressive conduct. Ferguson also argues that aggression is distinctly different to violence. He explains the intention of the Bobo Doll to bounce back gave the test subjects the impression that

    Read More

  • Eye Gaze Essay

    963 Words  | 2 Pages

    Eye gaze is essential for evaluating the following objects: liking and attraction, attentiveness, competence, social skills and mental health, credibility, and dominance (Kleinke, 1986), these evaluations provide information about the target of another person’s attention and expression. Therefore, eye gaze helps to obtain information about communicative intentions and future behaviour (Baron-Cohen, 1995). Moreover, according to Patterson’s distinguish between communicative behaviours and indicative behaviours in 1982, only communicative behaviours are driven by a goal or purpose. Thus when infants are using eye gaze for communication, they are subjective to process the information transition. This statement also be demonstrated by many studies. For instance, D 'Entremont and his colleagues tested 24 infants form 3- to 6-month-olds in 1997 and they found that 73% participants followed the adults’ head-turn behaviour to change the direction of their eye

    Read More

  • Personal Space and Eye Contact

    664 Words  | 2 Pages

    Hughes, J., & Goldman, M. (1978). Eye contact, facial expression, sex and the violation of personal space. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46, 579-584.

    Read More

  • Early Childhood Observation Paper

    1203 Words  | 3 Pages

    I gave birth to a healthy, beautiful baby girl named Luna. Jeffrey has taken quite a liking to being a big brother. He likes to hold and rocker her and helps with feeding her. Jeffrey is still a slow-to warm child. He can communicate fairly well and is now using mostly complete sentences and seems to understand most of what I say. He occasionally makes errors of overregularization. He has taken an interest in music and singsongs even though he usually repeats a certain part a lot. I encourage this by taking him to local performances of children’s musicals. Jeffrey has learned the routines pretty well and is reasonably cooperative for his age. He is rarely aggressive to adults or other children. Jeffrey’s fantasy play has become more elaborate and sometimes includes superheroes or cartoon

    Read More

  • Importance Of Empathy In Children

    1946 Words  | 4 Pages

    Empathy is a really important aspect in a child’s life, as it helps them understand their emotions, increases prosocial behavior, as well as helps preschoolers understand others emotions while interacting with their peers. Facial expressions are another part of child’s understanding of what’s going on with another person’s emotions. An encouragement for the child during preschool years is crucial in order for the child to learn and regulate certain behaviors. However, during the preschool years children are able to communicate a limited amount of emotions they are feeling through the help of the teachers, and by interacting with their peers (Prosocial Behavior, 2002) As the child is growing they will interact more with peers, which will lead them to understand their interests and abilities. They are able to communicate their likes and dislikes during the preschool stage. During the early years many theorists had suggested that young children are too egocentric, and cannot understand or perform empathy (Bierhoff, 2002). However, recent studies have clearly stated that young children are capable of displaying many different types of behaviors, which show empathy towards others, and motivates them to have a prosocial behavior. However, it is a challenge for preschoolers to communicate while showing empathy, as they have limited amount of language they can use. A very common way of knowing whether a preschooler is showing empathy is by observing their reaction to another child’s stress (Prosocial Behavior, 2002).

    Read More

  • Exploring Childhood Personalities: A Study on Emily and Harriet

    529 Words  | 2 Pages

    The two children that I have interacted with this week at the Early Childhood Education Center from the Willows group is Emily and Harriet. I got a chance to interact with these two girls this week. They are both so much fun to play with and be around. With Harriet, we played in the dirt box and played with the musical instruments. We also played with her stuffed little gray and white cat and a toy tiger. With Emily, we played doctor and played in the kitchen area. Together Emily and I played nurse and doctor to make her little baby feel better and got to play dress up with it. We also played some in the kitchen to make food for the baby as well. From what I have learned from Harriet and Emily is that they have two different personalities.

    Read More

More about Infant Control Experiment

Open Document