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Essay on African Art history in southern and east
Essay on African Art history in southern and east
African art s influence on western art
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Ade of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu Yoruba, is one of the three largest ethnic groups of Nigeria. It is concentrate in the southwestern part of Nigeria, but there are smaller, scattered groups of people living in parts of Benin and northern Togo. Currently, there are more than 20 million Yoruba people, but overall they speak a language of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. There are 900 languages of the Benue-Congo Branch that are further divided up into 11 unequal groups, but the first 10 of the 11 groups ar spoken almost entirely within Nigeria. Yoruba falls under the Defoid language cluster, with the largest amount of mother-tongue speakers. This may be surprising considering that Swahili has a greater total number …show more content…
Blue bears are one of the main colors within the decorative scheme of the crown. Blue beads are not only rare and expensive, but are associated with coolness and darkness, referencing both temperature and character. A cool disposition is highly valued among the Yoruba is associated with certain incarnations of divinity. The interlacing patterns that are created by the color beads symbolizes the chain of divine ancestors of the continuity of life. The round faces on the exterior of the crown are explained to be the faces of previous royal ancestors, including Odùduwà, the legendary founder of the Yoruba kingdom. These features are also what form a face to the king, whose personal features are concealed by the beaded veil of the crown. The veil is there to divert attention to the office of the Oba, rather than him as an individual, and to protect any onlookers from the supernatural powers that are radiating from the …show more content…
African Innovations is described by the museum as a “highly selective assortment of works from the Brooklyn Museum’s extensive collection of African art, includes objects of transcendent beauty and sophistication.” Although the phrase “African art” suggests a continent wide form of visual expression that is both unitary and timeless, the museum took effort to reflect the diversity of Africa’s expansive empires, localized kingdoms, city-states, and autonomous villages, by using a stylistic range. For the first time, the Museum arranged their African gallery chronologically to emphasize the continent’s “long record of creativity, adaptation, and artistic achievement.” This museum was also the first in America to display African objects as works of art and has since been one of the largest and most important collections in the country. However, with these wonderful achievements, there was still one fault with the artwork. This specific crown has some damages to it. In the top of the cone, crown area there is visible damage to the beads. The veil flap specifically is missing beads where it is supposed to join the crown. This is implying that the crown was sold from its original community, most likely away from it’s original purpose. The crown has such a strong spiritual tie that it is hard to believe that it was carelessly given to anyone. Since it holds such high divine power
A sense of royal dignity, composure, and stability are created by the facial expression, the fixed pose, and the rectangular throne and high base from which the proportioned and frontal figure emerges. Cracks in the face, neck, and torso indicate ancient damage sustained by the sculpture.
In the essay “Why Africa? Why Art?” by Kwame Anthony Appiah, he talks about basically how Africa is thought to be an uncivilized barren and that’s the stereotypical thing that comes to most people’s mind when thinking about this continent. African art has to look a certain way to be able to be called “African.” It has to be made by a tribe, not just one person which is why he says that most African pieces are signed with a tribe name, not just one name. Appiah gives an example of these Asante gold weights that his mother had a collection of. Their use value was to weigh gold dust, which used to be the method of currency. They were made as a utilitarian product, not for art, but many people started to recognize the aesthetic value. He says, “…in appreciating and collecting these weights as art, we are doing something new with them…” These days art is defined to be a certain way and look a certain way. It can’t just be anything, it has to have an aesthetic value to be considered art and to fall into the “guidelines”.
Each element of the plaque, from its location to its materials to its subject matter to its symbolism, is in the dominion of the Oba. Rather than bend to the Portuguese, he has appropriated them, just as their paper-art was appropriated for the creation of this new and old art form. Their arrival was used to reinforce the myth of Olokun while asserting the Oba's dual-kingship and his own link to a great arrival. And the trade that dominated inter-continental relations remained firmly in the Oba's hands. The plaque served as a testament to his power and as a reminder of it. Nothing about the Portuguese was so alien that it could not be represented and symbolically explained on the walls of the royal palace.
The display of Benin art in museum and galleries reflect the attitudes and perceptions of Europeans towards non-western artefacts, especially African. Thus as European attitudes change towards non-western art since the discovery of Benin art in 1897, Benin art has been revaluated and re-categorised.
...best case for the retention of the British Benin sculptures is to accord them the unique status they deserve as exceptional artworks and exhibit them appropriately in a prestigious national art gallery, for everyone to appreciate fully.
Crooked Beak of Heaven Mask is a big bird-figure mask from late nineteenth century made by Kwakwaka’wakw tribe. Black is a broad color over the entire mask. Red and white are used partially around its eyes, mouth, nose, and beak. Its beak and mouth are made to be opened, and this leads us to the important fact in both formal analysis and historical or cultural understanding: Transformation theme. Keeping that in mind, I would like to state formal analysis that I concluded from the artwork itself without connecting to cultural background. Then I would go further analysis relating artistic features to social, historical, and cultural background and figure out what this art meant to those people.
Western attitudes to African people and culture have always affected how their art was appreciated and this has also coloured the response to the art from Benin.
Angeles, Los. (2009). African arts. Volume 28. Published by African Studies Center, University of California.
In the late 1800s, the Yoruba’s formed a treaty with the Fulani and in 1901 they
The first art that interested me was the art of Indonesia which in this exhibit depicted the culture, history and art of Indonesian people. For instance, Bali a small island in the Indonesia valued most of its art based on the rich resources they occupied such as most art was composed of gold, diamond and sapphires which people of Bali believed that it will resemble their higher standards in the society. Art of Bali amazed me the most when it came to their “King’s crown” and “Queen’s crown” which was completely “fashioned in pure gold with diamonds, rubies, and sapphires” (Bali). The king’s crown was much simpler compare to queen’s crown which contained many varied of gold decorative that looked like gold flowers, and all of its designs such as rubies or sapphires were perfectly horizontally lined to each other that sort of depicted as a shiny necklace. The Bali’s art that I observed was very interesting know about the society they lived in those centuries with representation of their upscale society (Bali).
There is no art, music, and literature like here in sub-Saharan Africa. What is important to Westerners, such as the artist, label, and static-like wall hanging, means nothing to us. African art is living, spiritual, and meant to go back to the Earth once the soul of the item has run out. As the Bamana of Mali say, the art are “things that can be looked at without limit”. Our artwork has changed, emerged, and survived eras of turmoil and inversely, hope. I have found passing through the global gateway into Africa has made me appreciate this culture more, and appealed to me on a level that made me choose being a part of it.
The majority of the Yoruba people live on the west coast of Africa in Nigeria, but can also be found in many other places, as they are one of the largest cultural classifications in Africa. There are approximately 40 million Yoruba world-wide. As a matter of fact, most of the slaves brought to America were Yoruban, and descendants of their tribes can be found everywhere, including Europe, Brazil, Cuba, and the Caribbean. The Yoruba have been constructing and thriving in sophisticated urban kingdoms for more than 1,500 years, and have produced extraordinary art work since the 5th century BC.
Nigerian culture is as multi-ethnic as the people in Nigeria. The people of Nigeria still cherish their traditional languages, music, dance and literature. Nigeria comprises of three large ethnic groups, which are Yoruba, Hausa-Fulani and Igbo.
The Yoruba people live mostly in Southwestern Nigeria. Traditionally, the Yoruba organized themselves into networks of related villages, towns and kingdoms; with most of them headed by a king or mayor. (2013) Music and dance have always been an important part of Yoruba culture for those living in Nigeria as well as in the diaspora. Yoruba music and dance are used for many different occasions in life such as religious festivals, royal occasions, and entertainment. Yoruba traditional music focuses on Yoruba deities. Drums and singing are the main elements of Yoruba music. (2013)
Most art has some sort of reason or purpose behind it. It might be religious, symbolic, literal, traditional, customary, or just a preference by the artist. Most African art has a symbolic reason. Masks, pottery, figures, portraits, jewelry, baskets and clothing reflect the religious belief of the different tribes. Africans believed that everything in nature is alive. For example: rocks, grass, plants, trees, rivers and mountains. African art was not popular and was looked down upon until recently. In Nigeria, people were tattooed as a test of courage. The figure- “Portrait Head of a King (Oni)” reflects this. The King has this tattooing on his entire face. The King has big slanted eyes, a prominent nose, and big full lips. All these things represented something to the Nigerian people; the King...