The Canons of Taxation is associated with the tax rate, method and its collection. A better way to define canons of taxation is the properties or features possessed by a good tax. These features are recognized as canons of taxation only if applied to a solitary tax. The mixture of different taxes with different canons included is deemed a good tax system. Hence, canons of taxation are used by the governments to collect and impose taxes. The process of taxation increases government income but there is also a downside to it. The government’s investment might be affected in a negative way. A balanced strategy should be developed by the government before the socioeconomic activities in the country are badly affected by the aftereffects of taxation. …show more content…
Firstly, the canons of equality declared that the burden of taxation should be distributed fairly among every taxpayers. The tax percentage should increase when income increases and vice versa. However, some sort of inequality is bound to happen as not all the taxpayers can afford to pay the exact amount of tax to the government. Therefore, it does not mean that every taxpayers have to pay the equal amount of tax. In fact, canon of equality declares that the rich shall pay more taxes than the poor for the reason that the amount of tax should be distributed according to the proportion of income. This is because the amount of tax should be based on the ability of taxpayers as it is one of the fundamental concepts to bring social equality in the country.The canons of equality states that there should be justice, when it comes to paying taxes. Not only does it bring social justice, it is the primary means for exercising equal distribution of wealth in an economy. Thus, the government should charge more on luxury brands of cigarettes and charge less on normal brands. This is because higher income earners will prefer the luxury brand hence they will pay more taxes than lower income earners. As a result, they are contributing to economy, as taxes are a form of capital revenue for the
Briefly explain the statement "Fairness of taxation is increased when more kinds of wealth are included".
Should the American tax system remain the same, where individuals’ income is taxed based on how much one makes with loopholes and deductions? Should we consider a system that would eliminate progressive income taxes, taxing everyone at an equal rate through the Flat Rate Tax, or should taxes be collected through national consumption of retail goods and the Fair Tax System? Our current system of taxation is a varied percentage rate based on different income brackets. Many say that it violates our constitutional rights through unequal taxation. Multiple deductions, loopholes, special rates, and a complex system of regulations all characterize our Federal Income Tax System, prompting many to question why it is still being used (Peters, 2013).
The outcomes of the French and Indian war, led up towards the separation of the colonies from the government of Great Britain. One of the major problem that led to the American Revolution; was that Britain spent too much money on the French and Indian War, and wanted the colonies to help pay their debt. Therefore, Britain started to add taxes on specific goods in the colonies. The colonists were really disturbed about the taxes and because they did had no representation in Parliament. Moreover, the decision over the American Revolution is a significant period of time that molded the United States. Although, the American Revolution took place many years ago; several debates still linger to this point.
...e, Maxime, and Giuseppe C. Ruggeri. "Flat Taxes And Distributional Justice." Review Of Social Economy 56.3 (1998): 277-294. Business Source Premier. Web. 19 Jan. 2014.
One of the main grievances of the Third Estate were the high taxes. It became very difficult for the commoners to be able to pay for taxes because taxation became excessive. For instance, recurring taxes imposed on peasants were taille, a land tax to the state; tithe, a tenth of income or produce given to the church; capitation, tax on the number of people in the family; vingtième, a property tax; and others. Responsibility to the poor tax system and the mounting debts is by numerous large wars, and more importantly, the king c...
Many ponder the idea of federal taxes and whether the wealthy deserve to pay a higher percentage rate of their overall income. That is, they argue that because our society needs more equality and a lower national budget deficit, taxes on the rich must be raised. This specific topic has been discussed for decades, and due to the severely different perspectives, it is unclear whether the two sides will ever come to an agreement. President Barack Obama and much of the Democratic Party strongly lean towards raising taxes on the rich, while the conservatives and the Republican Party heavily lean towards a more balanced flat tax. However, after extensive research and focus on what would be best for the equality of individuals, the nation and its economy, this paper will firmly prove that the top one percent should not be taxed any more than they are today.
the example of taxation which is the first of its kind on this particular product. The author is
There are several key constitutional principles, such as popular sovereignty, federalism, republicanism, individual rights, and so on. The United States is a democracy and residences are considered the source of the government powers. Since America is well known for freedom, it is obvious that the government does not have powers to control everything. Limited government is another type of the constitutional principles as well.
Taxation has always been a major controversy. Just like any major corporation, the government is constantly looking to raise revenue. The easiest and fairest way to do this is by taxing the people. However, how the people will be taxed is always an issue.
For ages, Philosophers have struggled with the dispute of whether human actions are performed “at liberty” or not. “It is “the most contentious question, of metaphysics, the most contentious science” (Hume 528). In Section VIII of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume turns his attention in regards to necessary connection towards the topics “Of Liberty and Necessity.” Although the two subjects may be one of the most arguable questions in philosophy, Hume suggests that the difficulties and controversies surrounding liberty (i.e. free will) and necessity (i.e. causal determinism) are simply a matter of the disputants not having properly defined their terms. He asserts that all people, “both learned and ignorant, have always been of the same opinion with regard to this subject and that a few intelligible definitions would immediately have put an end to the whole controversy” (Hume 522). Hume’s overall strategy in section VIII is to adhere by his own claim and carefully define “liberty” and ‘necessity” and challenge the contemporary associations of the terms by proving them to be compatible.
To understand the politics we have, we must look at two philosophers who have shaped the ideas and politics of this world. Niccolò Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes founded a new kind of political science that opposed the classical view of politics. Both of these men believed classical philosophy and Christianity focused on reaching imagined republics; these imagines republics were unreachable. Under these imagined republics men were held to high standards, men had to be virtuous; and men could not keep all the virtues because they lived in a world where men were not all good. Machiavelli’s book The Prince redefines virtue in order to allow rulers to keep their power; he lowered the standards of politics with this action. While Machiavelli’s writings meant to influence rulers, Hobbes’ book the Leviathan focused on appealing to the people. Hobbes placed political philosophy on a scientific basis; as a result human life was reduced to only self-preservation and commodious living. This essay will examine the innovations Machiavelli and Hobbes created especially with their views on virtue, necessity, and liberty.
Liberty and equality belong to the same category as moral conceptions. Despite both aiming at improving lives of the people, their relationship is in conflict so that we have to choose between them. Liberty and equality have been discussed over and over and those discussions have been generally inconclusive. Philosophers and scholars who embarked on this discussion have ended up with different notions. From egalitarian point of view, liberty and equality cannot coexist peacefully and they clash in the area of property rights. Property is infringed by government to compensate those who naturally do not own much property. On the contention of the two concepts, Ronald Dworkin argues that if there really were a conflict between equality and liberty, equality would have to win (Dworkin, 2000). This sentiment implies that the two terms are rivals. Let us take equality of wealth as a goal; achieving and maintaining equal wealth amongst citizens would require violation of liberty. Maintaining equality of wealth would require a redistribution of resources over a time such as taking wealth from other people and give it to others infringing upon the right to private property. Dworkin stresses that egalitarians are mainly concerned with socio-economic equality imposed by the state through progressive taxes and welfare provision (Dworkin, 2000). Basing on the original position that all men have equal access to goods, it will be justifiable for the state to introduce redistributive taxes on the rich who do not have any justified claim to their property. This paper will further examine the conflict between liberty and equality by looking at their definitions from the perspective of different philosophers and scholars.
Ethics is derived from the greek word ‘ethos’, which means character and the latin word ‘moras’, which means customs. Thus ethics is defined as the personal and professional behaviour with regards to the values, customs, behaviour, principles and morals of society (Senarante, 2011). Professional ethics can be defined as the personal and corporate standards of conduct that is carried out by members of a particular profession. For example, medicine, accounting and engineering. Professional ethics or business ethics cover larger areas than the law, and although an issue may not be illegal, it can be considered as an ethical issue (ATT Ethics, 2013). Business ethics can be defined as the policies and principles that act as operational guidelines
Taxation is a compulsory levy imposed on the income, value of goods and services of individuals, partners and companies by the government. It is can be said to be an approach of imposing tax on the citizen. This imposition of tax, is expected to yield income which should be utilized in the provision of both basic and substantial infrastructural amenities, both social and security, as well as creates conditions for the economic well-being of the society at large.
Taxation has evolved throughout history as a method of funding government functions. The US government began taxing its people by imposing tariffs on certain items such as liquor, tobacco, sugar, and legal documents. Currently, there are taxes on almost every function. The IRS regulates income tax laws, central appraisal districts control property tax values, and there is a state sales tax on most purchases across the country. Taxes are difficult, if not impossible, to avoid. Benjamin Franklin stated “'in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes” (Isaacson 463). Revenues from property taxes are used to fund public schools, hospitals, and local governments. I will discuss the history of property taxes and compare the Texas property tax rate to the rest of the country. Property taxes are more efficient than income tax and a better way for local governments to collect revenue from taxpayers.