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Why do schools and communities need to relate effectively
Is there real partnership between school and community
Why do schools and communities need to relate effectively
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This literacy review aims to discuss why it is important for teachers to maintain responsive and reciprocal relationships with the parents and whānau of their students. The three articles that will be reviewed and synthesised are Collaborating with Parents/Caregivers and Whānau (Fraser, 2005), Successful Home-School Partnerships: Report to the Ministry of Education (Bull, Brooking & Campbell, 2008) and Strengthening Responsive and Reciprocal Relationships in a Whānau Tangata Centre: An action research project (Clarkin-Phillips & Carr, 2009). The review will focus specifically on the discussions about parent-teacher partnerships within said articles. The key findings within the literature will be examined and related to contemporary theorists. This review will also discuss why we need these partnerships, the child’s perspective on these relationships, the impact of the parent’s perspective on development and specific issues that may be encountered.
Rationale for Building Effective Relationships:
Fraser (2005) and Clarkin-Phillips & Carr (2009) discuss the many benefits of teacher-parent relationships for students, stating they include gains in health, well-being, educational achievement and increased long-term economic well-being and enthusiasm for learning.
Fraser (2005) explains that modern society allows families to potentially become isolated, due to the recent urbanization of Western society, leading to collaboration between parents, whānau and teachers being more important than ever before. This means that teachers need to relate to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, as it is a reliable resource for teachers to see perspective of how children operate within a system and understand the influences on both th...
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... us to synthesize information and key findings and create our own understanding and implementation of home-school partnerships.
Works Cited
Bull, A., Brooking, K., and Campbell, R. (2008). Successful home-school partnerships: Report to the Ministry of Education. New Zealand: New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
Clarkin-Phillips, J., & Carr, M. (2009). Strengthening responsive and reciprocal relationships in a whānau Tangata centre: An action research project. Wellington: Teaching & Learning Research Initiative.
Fraser, D. (2005) Collaborating with parents/caregivers and whānau. In D. Fraser, R. Moltzen and K. Ryba (Eds.), Learners with special needs in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Melbourne, VA: Cengage Learning.
Grant, K., & Ray, J. (2010) Home, school and community collaboration. Culturally responsive family involvement. California: Sage
Lareau studied these families by using qualitative methodology and observed twelve different families with the focus on children between the ages of nine and ten (third and fourth graders). The racial distribution of her study was six white children, five African Americans, and one multiracial family coming from two different school districts, Lower Richmond and Swan School. What bring the families together are the similarities and differences between their parenting styles. Lareau does an exceptionally good job at showing the advantages and disadvantages of concerted cultivation and accomplishment of natural growth and how these parenting can or will affect the children’s future.
The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) curriculum in England differs greatly in structure and content to the Te Whariki curriculum in New Zealand; this therefore makes for an interesting comparison. The EYFS was introduced in England, in 2008, by the DfE as a framework that ‘sets the standards for learning, development and care of children from birth to five’ (DfE, 2012). Alternatively, Te Whariki was founded in New Zealand, in 1996, based on the aspirations for children ‘to grow up as competent and confident learners and communicators, healthy in mind, body, and spirit, secure in their sense of belonging and in the knowledge that they make a valued contribution to society’ (Ministry of Education, 1996). Throughout this essay, the EYFS and Te Whariki curriculums will be compared and contrasted to give a greater understanding of the similarities and differences between England and New Zealand regarding their beliefs about young children’s needs.
Ecology in early childhood education means the study of the relationships and interactions between human groups and their surrounding conditions that impact on the child’s development and learning. Any changes to the surrounding conditions start from the most intimate home ecological system moving outward to the larger school system and the most expansive system which is society and culture. Each of these systems inevitably interacts with and influences each other and every aspect of the child’s life. According to famous psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, ‘he divided the person's environment into five different levels: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem’ (Study.com
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory “looks at children’s development within the context of the systems of relationships that form their environment.” (MORRISON, 2009) This theory describes multifaceted tiers within the environment, where each layer has a specific influence upon a child’s development.
The five distinctive groups of the Ecological Systems Theory examines how they relate to each other and the role they play in a child’s development.
Decades of research proves partnerships between schools and families not only enhance children’s learning and achievement, it is also mutually beneficial to the families and educators. As an early childhood educator, my philosophy is rooted in establishing and maintaining a strong and effective partnership with families and communities that can help children and their families thrive. My approach focuses on effective communication between family and school, respect for diversity, and promoting learning at home.
Parental involvement in education is a vital essential for creating a cooperative environment for the student to thrive and succeed in. When a student knows that he or she is receiving support both inside and outside the school, the chances of that child becoming responsible for and active in their education are more likely. I know that there can be difficulties including parents for many reasons. Such parents may be too busy, uninterested or just feel helpless. However, as an educator, I will still have an obligation to reach out to these parents and assist them.
Olsen, Glenn W., and Mary Lou Fuller. Home and school relations: teachers and parents working together. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2012. Print.
At this center, the teachers have the tools to assess each child and the parents are interested in knowing the strengths and supports their child needs. The article Understanding Families, states that there should be “opportunities for families to discuss their beliefs about their children, what they want for their children, and how they support their children’s development” (Christian, 7). As conferences occur every 6 months, parents also communicate with the school and teachers via email and during drop off and pick up times. Another great example of parent communication is in the article Building Bridges from School to Home.
Parents and families are children’s first educator as they play an important role into young children’s education and development. The term “partnership with parents” has been outlined as a “working relationship that is characterised by shared interest of purpose, mutual respect and the willingness to negotiate” (Pugh & De’ath, 1989, p. 34). This includes parents and educators coming together; sharing the process of decision making; outlining individual information and skills; sharing of feelings and recognition of individuality of families (O’Hogan & Curtis, 2003). However, OECD (2001) emphasized that partnership is not about being involved but instead it’s more about the educator sharing the responsibility for young children with their parents and taking the opportunity of learning from all the unique knowledge that different countries bring on board. According to Pugh & Duffy (2010) partnership can be identified by having parents involved in the planning of next steps for their child’s learning or being involved in the recruitment of staffs. As Lindon (1997) stated that partnership with parents is the fundamental part of enriching good practice in the early years. In relation to Aistear (NCCA, 2009) the responsibilities from parents and educators value each other’s opinions in order to benefit children. Síolta (CEDE, 2006) highlight partnership with parents takes a child’s best interest into account by being opened, honest and respectful.
Kei Tua o te Pae/Assessment for learning: Early Childhood Exemplars take on a sociocultural approach to assessment. The early childhood exmplars are based on the philosophies of Te Whāriki, New Zealand's bicultural early childhood curriculum. The four principals of Te Whāriki, Empowerment/Whakamana, Holistic development/Kotahitanga, Family and community/Whānau tangata, and Relationships/Ngā hononga, are the principles for assessment. Interwoven within the philosophy and the four principals are the five strands of Te Whāriki which are: Wellbeing/Mana Atua, Belonging/Mana Whenua, Contribution/Mana Tangata, Communication/Mana Reo, and Exploration/Mana Aotūroa (Ministry of Education. (2010).
To conclude, my research shows a clear link between parental involvement and children performing better in school. Children who's parents are involved in their education are showing better performance and are achieving higher grades. They also show better behaviour, more enthusiasm, ambition and higher levels of engagement. compared with children who's parent are not involved in their education. My research also shows that parental involvement has great benefits for both children and parents in many ways, so much so that the most effective schools are those who encouraged parents to be involved.
Parental involvement promotes the social growth of a child. Children whose parents are involved in their education have many advantages. They have better grades, test scores, long-term academic achievement, attitudes and behavior than those with disinterested mothers and fathers (Gestwicki, 2001). Parents becoming involved in their child's schooling creates extra sources of social constraint to influence the child's behavior (McNeal, 2001). For example, parents talking to their children and becoming involved in the school conveys a message to the child of education being important. Parents should be talking with your children's teacher and letting her know about your family. The more she knows about your child, the better she will be able to connect with your child.
There are many benefits to teachings having a good relationship with the student’s family, guardian, or parents. Teachers should begin the school year with building positive relationships with the student’s families. In the book it mentions that there is ongoing research that indicates the benefits of family involvement in children’s education. Some of these benefits mentioned were children earning higher grades, tend to have better attendance, have higher rates of homework completion, and are more motivated and have positive attitudes towards school. Through the reading it also emphasizes on the increase in family involvement in children’s education will result in a decrease in students participating in substance abuse and violence. Students
The Te Tiriti o Waitangi was a contract that Maori people believe to be an acknowledgement of their existence and their prior occupation to the land, give respect to their language, culture and belief and “it established the regime not for uni-culturalism, but for bi-culturalism” (Sorrenson, 2004 p. 162). This essay discusses the historical events, attitudes and beliefs regarding Te reo Maori, its relationship to the Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the significance of bicultural practice in early childhood education.