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Culture effects on behavior
Culture effects on behavior
The importance of culture in education
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Human behavior has always being an interesting field of study to many psychologists. Human behavior is very dynamic and unique because people and culture differ to a large extent. Due to the diversity of human behavior and mental processes, different theories and explanations have been used to describe human behavior and to explain why people do the things they do. This paper examines three out of the seven modern perspectives that have been used to explain human behavior and mental processes namely cognitive, Sociocultural and Humanistic.
Cognitive Perspective:
This aspect of Psychology deals with the human ability to think, solve problems, store and retrieve information. Cognitive psychology became an interesting field of study due to dissatisfaction
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Take for example two cousins that were raised in two different social cultural environments. The one raised in the United States holds to a different social-cultural belief from the one raised in Western Africa. Although their parents have the same social-cultural values, their children have opposite values because they were raised in different cultures. From my observation of student in Midland college, I have seen that students that come from cultures that place a high value on education, are more concerned about their grades and they study harder than students whose cultural do not place a high value on …show more content…
Humanistic psychology would encourage the depressed person to seek out interesting and fun things to do that will make them feel happy and fulfilled. This could involve some form of therapy and focusing on the positive things in life. Another could be an individual who is bored with his job. The humanistic perspective would encourage such an individual to be creative and focus on the positive aspect of the type of employment and the resulting accomplishment. Rather than wait for others to effect a change, each individual is responsible for his or her personal happiness in life. According to humanistic psychology, each of us has free will and that freedom to choose makes us responsible for our own happiness.
...r that students’ thoughts and ideas about moral behavior may differ based on their cultural background.
The aim of this essay is to analyse four theoretical approaches to psychology, including psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive and behavioural. Analysing each approach in detail and identifying key features the approach uses to explain human behaviour. This essay will also analyse how successful each approach is in it methods, evidence gathering techniques and analyse how it can be applied to giving reasons for particular human behaviours. As well as analysing each approaches failings in it theories, methods and evidence gathering techniques.
Cognitive psychology is the study of the brains internal processes that guide behaviour; to study cognition, psychologists examine case studies of patients with damaged brains that can infer areas, and functions involved in particular processes. Patient studies have provided insights into the processes that take place within our minds, and have enabled psychologists to create models, which can be tested and fractionated. Cognitive neuropsychology has developed from cognitive psychology to become a discipline in its own right; it investigates the function and structures of the brain involved in cognitive processes and should not be confused with cognitive neuroscience, which is primarily concerned with neural structures and their functions.
Humanistic psychology relies on client centred therapy and the idea that each individual has the potential to achieve a position in their psyche named self actualisation. Humanistic psychology differs from psychodynamic theory in that it is optimistic about the human psyche and does not view conflict as inevitable. Humanistic psychology assumes people attach meaning to their unique perspectives on the world and that behaviour is strongly influenced by this. Carl Rogers defined the healthy personality as being one that had congruence between the perceived self and the experienced self and that the individual in question experienced unconditional positive regard from their parent or guardian. He defined an unhealthy personality as being one which lacked these components. Abraham Maslow alternatively suggested a hierarchy for which a person’s healthy personality could be measured by stages of psychological and physical needs (see diagram 2). He suggested that, for a person to achieve self actualisation and become a fully functioning person, they must first satisfy all the needs of each level in the pyramid before moving onto the next
Whilst evaluating the cognitive approach to psychology there are many strengths such as that the cognitive approach takes an understanding of the influence from mental processes on one’s behaviour, focusing on an individual’s thinking patterns and their perception. This approach also relates to many known functions and operations that the human body performs such as memory and problem solving.
The psychodynamic and humanist approaches are more concerned with the emotional aspects of people’s lives rather than their behaviour. The psychodynamic approach places importance on childhood experience. The humanist approach places more emphasis on the importance of our self image.
It helps many people to find their strength and to help them use those strengths to better themselves. This group of people often refers to Maslow’s “Hierarchy of Needs”. They can see breaks in the pyramid, which can cause the hardships of anxiety. The pyramid works step by step up the pyramid starting at the lowest point, being physiological needs. It then continues up the pyramid through safety, love and belonging, ones self esteem, and ending at self-actualization. The humanistic view, in full can be described as a “crucial opportunity to lead us to our own healthy path”. In a humanistic therapy session the therapist uses a lot of empathy and hard listening. This allows the client to voice their concerns without the pressure of answering questions. But the therapists do help a lot too. With the help of humanistic therapist, the individual will learn to add or find positive experiences in their life. It can help those individuals find a sort of peace with who they are and with what
Social psychology essentially became the focus on the individual rather than the group as a whole. Many thoughtful ideas are collected in response to the studies of social psychology. Human cognition is understood to arise from interacting socially, highlighting the importance of socialization. We use social cognition to develop our explanations and our ideas on why a person’s behavior is/does what it is/does. As explained in class, we may have a student who never completes assignments and from that viewpoint, we determine that the student is a lazy person and more than likely does not care about the class.
The humanistic perspective on personality deals exclusively with human behavior. Humanistic psychologists believe that human nature includes a natural drive towards personal growth, that humans have the freedom to choose what they do regardless of environmental factors, and humans are mostly conscious beings and are not controlled by unconscious needs and conflicts. They also believe that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. Two of the humanistic theorists that have made an impact of humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanistic approach focuses on human existence, where people have unique qualities that include creativity, freewill or freedom, potential and personal growth. People like Carl Rogers who have brought about person-centred theory and Abraham Maslow who has developed a hierarchy of needs, where he emphasized on self-actualization. There is an evaluation on both Rogers and Maslow theories, on how they are based on their own assumptions and views, and I apply Maslow’s theory of self-actualization into my own personal life.
This psychology perspective emphasizes individuals ' inherent drive towards self-actualization, the process of realizing and expressing one 's own capabilities and creativity. It helps the client gain the belief that all people are inherently good. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence and pays special attention to such phenomena as creativity, free will, and positive human potential. It encourages viewing ourselves as a "whole person" greater than the sum of our parts and encourages self exploration rather than the study of behavior in other people. Humanistic psychology acknowledges spiritual aspiration as an integral part of the human psyche. It is linked to the emerging field of transpersonal psychology. As per usual, there are advantages and limitations to this particular theory. One of the greatest strengths of humanistic psychology is that it emphasizes individual choice and responsibility. Humanistic psychology satisfies most people 's idea of what being human means because it values personal ideals and self-fulfillment. Finally, humanistic psychology provides researchers with a flexible framework for observing human behavior because it considers a person in the context of his environment and in conjunction with his personal perceptions and feelings. As with any viewpoint, humanistic psychology has its critics. One major criticism of humanistic psychology is that its concepts are too vague. Critics
Throughout the ages, humans have had an inherent interest in studying the complex area of human behaviour, even before psychology was established as a science. Because the study of behaviour is so broad and multifaceted, its scientific study poses particular challenges. Therefore, it can be beneficial to approach the scientific study of human behaviour from the perspective of cognitive psychology. This is the study of cognition, the mental processes that underlie human behaviour (Ling & Cattling, 2012).
There is a possibility that a self-centered person may be regarded as appropriately social while bad-tempered and pensive persons will be recognized as ”unhealthy”; this is because social disengagement is considered unhealthy in the humanistic perspective. In the current culture, it is favorable for a person to have an optimistic disposition because it complements sensitivity of the society. It is a bias that avoids the thought that the society may be flawed and it insists that sociability as a standard of health is most appropriate. The humanists claim that there are external factors are the cause of restrictions on free will. Accordingly, in this context, one's insistence of will on the external reality is the definition of self-actualization
The second force that the humanistic approach over took was psychoanalysis which investigates the interaction of the conscious and unconscious mind. The humanistic approach is based of theories concerned
Human behavior is a very vast and complex topic as every individual is different from one another. Before one can work to understand individual behavior and personalities the basic principles of human cognition must be well understood. Cognition is the thought process in humans that describes how the information we constantly acquire is transformed, stored and used as knowledge in future decision making. Pretty much every mental process that a human can experience is cognition of some form and must be processed by the brain and then acted upon whether consciously or unconsciously. The brain will receive what is known as a stimuli or input from one of the five senses. This information is then processed by being passed through what is known