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Contributions to maslow's hierarchy of needs
Contributions to maslow's hierarchy of needs
Contributions to maslow's hierarchy of needs
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There are many theories that attempt to describe how individuals learn. In 2015, Butts & Rich stated that the humanist learning theory (HLT) was paved by two American psychologists, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. HLT posits a natural desire for individuals to learn in attempt to understand how one gain knowledge, move to understanding meaning of knowledge, and acquire needed skills to demonstrate learning. The major conceptions of HLT focus on self-actualization of a specific goal and human motivation based on hierarchy of needs.
Humanism has been described as a philosophy, which provides a foundation for its understanding. Regardless of philosophical basis, the design of instruction for adults normally involves an analysis of learning
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I believe HLT is simple to apply with clarity and simplicity to nursing education. Educators must know and understand all types of learning theories and learning styles to facilitate learning. The role of educators should be a facilitator rather than one who tells learners what to do. Also, I believe priority is a function of simplicity, which dictates that people focus on elements that are goal specific to help fulfill their potential in life (e.g. becoming a nurse …show more content…
In nursing practice the theory involves a relationship between at least two people (nurse and patient). HLT is the basis of nursing education (online and traditional classroom settings), which focus on empowering the adult learner to be self-directed and have the ability to be autonomous in their decision-making. Humanist nurse administrators should be compassionate and treat all human beings (patients, staff, and families) with dignity and respect. According to Traynor (2008), humanists do not measure complex human emotions and attitudes in nursing research quantitative
Adults are self-motivated. They learn best by building on what they already know and when they are actively engaged (Lindeman, 2010). The approach of adult education revolves around non-vocational ideals and is based on experience rather than subjects (Lindeman, 2010). It helps adults gain knowledge about their powers, capacities, and limitations (Funnell et al, 2012).
Throughout this philosophy paper, I have explored what nursing is based on my personal values and beliefs as it relates to the body of work in nursing. I value the importance of holistic nursing and the care of patients being individualized for them and their family. Also, effectively collaborating among health care professionals to ensure quality care for patients. Additionally, the importance of health promotion as one of the main roles of nurses is being a teacher, since promoting health prevents illness and increases the level of health in clients. These principles will serve as a guide for my personal standards of nursing practice.
Wu, H., & Volker, D.L. (2012). Humanistic Nursing Theory: application to hospice and palliative care. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 68(2), 471-479.
Fawcett states in professional nursing “human beings represent the individual, family, group, or community receiving care, each with unique characteristics” (2005, as sited in Kearney, 2012, p. 4). Kearney (2012) describes learning as “affective, cognitive and psychomotor” (p.13). For a definition of human beings in my practice I think Kearney’s statement points to an even deeper truth. I am aware that all human beings have an affective, cognitive, and psychomotor nature to them. I believe that when I as a nurse connect on any one, two, or all three of these levels with any other individual, family, group or community both parties are in some way permanently influenced. My definition of human beings in my practice includes then all those individuals past, present, and future that I influence and who influence me. Concerning my value for human beings, I believe all life is God given, and any individual, family, group or community I connect with is entitled to my deepest respect. My assumption and worldview is that all human beings need loving respectful connections with each other in order to survive. Connection with other human beings is at the heart of my nursing practice. All opportunities for nursing care including: teaching, prev...
This interactive grand theory is grounded in humanist philosophy, which expresses the belief that humans are unitary beings and energy fields in constant interaction with the universal energy field. This model guides the nurse who is interested in “physiologic” and “psychological” adoptions (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 177). This model views the nurse as holistic adaptive system constantly interacting with different stimuli. And also explains how different sets of interrelated systems maintain a balance between various stimuli to promote individual and environmental transformation (Alkrisat & Dee, 2014). This model creates a framework to provide care for individuals in health and “in acute, chronic, or terminal illness” (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015, p. 1834). It focuses on improving basic life processes of individuals, families, groups of people; nurses see communities as holistic adaptive systems. It consists of three basic assumptions: philosophical, scientific, and cultural. And it also contains many defined concepts about the environment, health, person, goal of nursing, adaptation, focal, contextual, and residual stimuli, cognator and regulator subsystem, and stabilizer and innovator control processes (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p.
Humanistic Theory is based on the ability for individuals to be able to separately diverse with our own prospective on life. Maslow’s theory speaks to the potential and to positive outcome of human motivation and believes that every individual can and will strives to be more.
Edward Lindeman is thought by many to be the founder of contemporary adult education. His work in the area of adult education included the writing of articles, books, public presentations, assistance in the collegiate system as a lecturer of social work and as an associate pastor in the church (Brookfield 1986). Lindeman and Martha Anderson traveled to observe and analyze the German Folk High School system and the worker’s movement. Consequently, Lindeman and Anderson’s comparative research lead to the breakthrough of the German perception of andragogy. Their studies define andragogy as the “true method of adult learning” (1986). In 1968 at Boston University, the initial use of the term “andragogy” to attain prevalent notice of adult instructors occurred when Malcolm Knowles who at the time was an instructor of adult education, presented the term via journal article. In his 1970 book publication, he defined “andragogy” as the art and science of helping adults learn. The concept of self-directed learning, or SDL, maintained below reveals Knowles’ definition of SDL:
One theorist that is relevant to this study is Malcolm Knowles’s theory of adult learning. Though Malcom Knowles may not be the first one to introduce adult learning, he was the one that introduced andragogy in North America. (McEwen and Wills 2014). Andragogy means adult learning. The core concept of Knowles’s Adult learning theory is to create a learning environment or awareness for adults to understand why they learn .Knowles developed six main assumptions of adult learners. Those assumptions are the need to know, self- concept, experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning and motivation. (McEwen and Wills, 2014)
In summary, I guess I disagree with the theory that adults learn differently than children. I think we all learn the same. I think it is the strategy that is different. I believe that the role of any good educator is to guide the learner into connecting what they are learning in the classroom to their world.
Two proponents most noted for humanistic approaches to personality are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Both the Person-Centered Theory (Rogers) and the Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow) considered that humans ' true nature was good and that each has the potential for growth. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrates a compatibility between theory and practice. Furthermore, each approach focuses on individual choices and rejects the theory that biology will determine human potential.
The humanistic perspective on personality deals exclusively with human behavior. Humanistic psychologists believe that human nature includes a natural drive towards personal growth, that humans have the freedom to choose what they do regardless of environmental factors, and humans are mostly conscious beings and are not controlled by unconscious needs and conflicts. They also believe that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. Two of the humanistic theorists that have made an impact of humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
The human being includes physical, mental, spiritual, and intellectual factors that are considered in the nursing profession. My view of each individual person has affected my practice in that I believe it is essential to view each person in a holistic approach, analyze, and assist in meeting basic physical needs. Because of this belief, it affects the way I practice in that I am careful to assess both physical and psychological states during all nurse-patient interactions.
Self-actualization is an idea originating from the Humanistic psychological theory and particularly created by Abraham Maslow. The humanistic school of thought in psychology is the third force in psychology that attempts to regain the self, supporting that individuals do have free will and has the power to change for the better. Humanistic psychology was developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism focusing on individuality, personal growth and the concept of self-actualization. While early schools of thought were mostly concentrated on abnormal human behavior, humanistic psychology is different because of its emphasis on helping individuals achieve and fulfill their potential. The two main contributors to this school of thought
Within the andragogical model described by Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (2015), adults need learning experiences that are different than those found in the pedagogical model. Instead of waiting for experiences that are directed and controlled by a teacher, adults need to have a clear rationale and understanding for the learning, feel past experiences are valuable, and have a developed internal system for motivation in order to help a learning experience be successful. The connection and orientation to the learning task, the readiness to learn, and self-concept are other important ideas to adult learning.
In the centre of the humanistic approach stands the subjective experience of individuals, the emphasis is that humans rather choose how to behave based on their free will (Derobertis, 2013). The approach rejects that behaviour is bound by past or current circumstances or ruled by uncontrollable forces, but rather believes that humans make decisions regarding their actions based on their own choices and that people are generally good (Glassman & Hadad, 2009). The main dominator of personality development is the self-actualization (Rogers, 1959). The pioneers of the humanistic approach are Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow and George Kelly. Carl Rogers named the person seeking treatment a client and not a patient, he established the client-centred