How the concentration of an acid affects the rate of reaction on marble chips
Background:
These different speeds of reaction are referred to as their rates. The rate of reaction depends on how often and how hard the reacting particles collide with each other. Particles have to collide in order to react, and the have to collide hard enough as well. This is called the collision theory.
When the temperature is increased the particles all move quicker. If they are moving quicker then they are going to have more collisions.
Reactions only happen if the particles collide with enough energy. At a higher temperature there will be more particles colliding with enough energy to make the reaction happen. This initial energy is known as the activation energy, and it is needed to break the initial bonds. If one of the reactants is a solid then breaking it up into smaller pieces will increase its surface area. This means the particles around it in the solution will have more area to work on so there will be more useful collisions. A catalyst works by giving the reacting particles something to stick to where they can bump into each other. This obviously increases the number of collisions too. If the solution is made more concentrated it means that there are more particles of reactant knocking about between the water molecules, which makes collisions between the important particles more likely.
Chemists overseeing large reactions in industrial situations must carefully consider the rates of reactions. For some reactions, such as the production of a final material, fast reactions will be desirable to increase production and therefore sales profit. For other reactions, such as the degradation of a material, reducing the rate may be beneficial to increase the lifetime of a product.
Times Education Series Chemistry GCSE
Plan:
I will investigate how the concentration affects the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate (marble chips). The rate of reaction can be measured by measuring the amount of gas produced after a certain amount of time.
The reaction will take place in the conical flask from where the gas produced will travel into the up-turned measuring cylinder. The gas will then displace the water in the tube. I will measure out exactly
50ml of 1molar hydrochloric acid into the conical flask. I will then weigh out exactly or as close as possible to 2 grams of small sized marble chips. I will put the chips into the flask with the acid and immediately place the bung over it so as to lose as little gas as possible. I will then take readings at intervals of fifteen seconds.
The increase in temperature will therefore increase the rate of reaction. As this is the variable I am measuring I will not keep the temperature constant and therefore I will be varying it. Volume of water- if the volume of the water is increased there is more likelihood that there will be more collisions.
It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in
Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Plan: In my experiment I will measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place so by measuring the rate I will measure the amount of time the reaction takes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is found in digestive juices in the stomach, it is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone the main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things such as buildings. When you put calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid together they react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips and Hydrochloric Acid. The aim of this experiment is to find out how different variables affect the rate at which the reaction between Marble chips (CaCO ) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used. There are many variables that affect the rate of this reaction such as the following. 1.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
If there is not enough energy no reaction takes place. In a solution of 0.5M hydrochloric acid, there are less hydrochloric acid particles compared to that of 2M hydrochloric acid, therefore, there are less particles to react with magnesium particles thus meaning less chance of collisions between the two reactants: [IMAGE] Therefore, as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increased, the chances of collisions increase thus giving a faster rate of reaction. Apparatus: Beaker Hydrochloric acid Distilled water Measuring cylinder Pipette Test tubes Test tube rack Diagram: [IMAGE] Method: Measure out 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid, as the concentration requires, for each concentration its composition is: Moles Volume HCl Volume Water 2M 10 cm³ 0 cm³ 1.5M 7.5 cm³ 2.5 cm³ 1M 5 cm³ 5 cm³ 0.5M 2.5 cm³ 7.5 cm³ 0M 0 cm³
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An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid