In short, we can recall that the hypothesis is sodium chloride increases the swimming behavior of the Paramecium tertaurelia. Our |t-calculated|, as shown in Table 2, is less than the t-critical value from the table, therefore our averages for both the experimental group and control group are not significantly different enough, statistically speaking. As a result, our hypothesis is not supported. In this case, we accept the null hypothesis, which states that the sodium chloride has no effect on the swimming speed of the Paramecia tetraurelia and it is thus, supported. According to the results for the t-test, our t-calculated is less than the t-critical; therefore, we are less than 95% confident that the swimming speed increases. These results …show more content…
indicate that Paramecium tertaurelia do not swim considerably faster if exposed to sodium chloride. Based on my results and conclusions, in the next step we can try fluctuating the amount of sodium chloride to determine how much sodium chloride is needed to increase the swimming speed of the Paramecia tetraurelia.
In other words, increasing the amount of sodium chloride used. This new experiment could allow us to better understand whether or not higher concentrations of sodium chloride would have an effect on the swimming speed of the Paramecium, or will attest to sodium chloride just plainly not causing an increase nor a decrease in the swimming speed at all. This relates to the findings of our initial experiment since while our averages were not significantly different enough to support the hypothesis, our average of each treatment group and the standard deviation of those averages, as shown on the graph, do show a small difference in swimming speed, therefore, by increasing the concentration of sodium chloride while performing more replications of this experiment per group, can create a wider range of data that determines whether or not sodium chloride does indeed increase the swimming speed or has no effect at all. All these next steps can aid in the research of the effect of sodium chloride on the swimming speed of Paramecium
tetraurelia.
The Artemia franciscana can survive in extreme conditions of salinity, water depth, and temperature (Biology 108 laboratory manual, 2010), but do A. franciscana prefer these conditions or do they simply cope with their surroundings? This experiment explored the extent of the A. franciscanas preference towards three major stimuli: light, temperature, and acidity. A. franciscana are able to endure extreme temperature ranges from 6 ̊ C to 40 ̊ C, however since their optimal temperature for breeding is about room temperature it can be inferred that the A. franciscana will prefer this over other temperatures (Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). This is much the same in regards to acidity as Artemia franciscana, in general thrive in saline lakes, can survive pH ranges between 7 and 10 with 8 being ideal for cysts(eggs) to hatch (Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). Based on this fact alone the tested A. franciscana should show preference to higher pH levels. In nature A. franciscana feed by scraping food, such as algae, of rocks and can be classified as a bottom feeder; with this said, A. franciscana are usually located in shallow waters. In respect to the preference of light intensity, A. franciscana can be hypothesized to respond to light erratically (Fox, 2001; Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). Using these predictions, and the results of the experimentation on the A. franciscana and stimuli, we will be able to determine their preference towards light, temperature, and pH.
From day 10 to day 14 the chthamalus barnacle did have a significant increase as I previously thought but only decreased for one of the trials.
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
For this experiment, it is important to be familiar with the diving reflex. The diving reflex is found in all mammals and is mainly focused with the preservation of oxygen. The diving reflex refers to an animal surviving underwater without oxygen. They survive longer underwater than on dry land. In order for animals to remain under water for a longer period of time, they use their stored oxygen, decrease oxygen consumption, use anaerobic metabolism, as well as aquatic respiration (Usenko 2017). As stated by Michael Panneton, the size of oxygen stores in animals will also limit aerobic dive capacity (Panneton 2013). The temperature of the water also plays a role. The colder the water is, the larger the diving reflex of oxygen.
The Daphnia magna species in this experiment were kept and preserved in jars of suitable water that acted as small ponds. Each Daphnia Magna was transported individually using a wide-mouthed pipette to a depression slide. The stability of the Daphnia Magna on the slide was attained by using a drop of pond water that acted as a boundary of movement for the Daphnia on the depression slide, small pieces of cotton wool were also used to act as an extra boundary to stop the Daphnia Magna from swimming in circles in the pond drop it was placed in; the stability factor was important in counting the heart beat rate more accurately. The depression slide was then placed under the stereomicroscope, over a cooling chamber that was used to slow down the
A total of twelve Daphnia magna were used for this experiment; two Daphnia magna were exposed simultaneously to each of the five chemical
The procedures for this experiment are those that are referred to in Duncan and Townsend, 1996 p9-7. In our experiment however, each student group chose a temperature of either 5 C, 10 C, 15 C, or 20 C. Each group selected a crayfish, and placed it in an erlenmeyer flask filled with distilled water. The flask’s O2 levels had already been measured. the flask was then placed in a water bath of the selected temperature for thirty minutes, and then the O2 levels were measured again. Each group shared their findings with the class. The metabolic rates of the mouse were conducted by the instructor and distributed. We also did not use the Winkler method to measure the O2 levels. We used a measuring device instead.
More reliable data can be obtained if more techniques are used to measure metabolic rate. By measuring the heat flow from an organism to its surroundings using a calorimeter, a more accurate metabolic rate can be measured (De V. Weir, 1949). The ratio of the quantity of food an animal consumes and the amount it excretes can also indicate the metabolic rate of that animal (Paradis et al., n.d.). Determining the water flux in animals with tritium labelled water is another valid method of measuring metabolic rates (Paradis et al., n.d.).
The experiment measured the survival rate, the growth rate, and the size of the brine shrimp at the time harvested in various environments. To obtain these measurements, three environments were created: sea water, brackish water, and freshwater. For this experiment the scientists used 5 liter plastic buckets. Every two days, half of the water from each bucket was discarded and new water, of each respective salinity, was added into each bucket...
Evaluation: If this experiment was to be redone then more diverse oceanic life would have to be used playing different roles in the water. The experiment performed showed a small projection of the ocean’s course if pH levels rise but by adding more confounding variables then maybe the outcome may have been different. If another researcher is to replicate this experiment it is optimal if they did several different trials to see if the same result occurs like the one just performed.
The researcher conducting this experiment is trying to find out which salt- Epsom, table salt, and sea salt- will increase the boiling point of water the most. Sodium chloride is believed to increase the boiling point of water because when salt is suspended into the water, the sodium and chlorine ions leave the “salt crystals” and mix with the water molecules. (“Why does salt… raise boiling point of water?”, 2009).
...nd group of 12 rats he administers an equivalent amount of saline solution (saline is simple salt water solution that should have no effect on the rats). He then places both groups in an apparatus that monitors the amount of time that the rats spend feeding. After 24 hours of monitoring the rats, he notices that the rats administered meth amphetamine spent far less time engaged in feeding behavior than did the rats administered saline solution.
In Girl and The Women’s Swimming Pool, have similar historical period and also have different cultures. Both stories were written in a historical period when women were not allowed to make decisions for themselves. Women’s right was not a thing in this historical period in which these two stories were written. Society made every decision for them as individual as well as groups. Society gave women a definition of what they stood for. Women had no choice but to follow whatever society told them to because there was no other option for them. Change was very hard for these women due to unexpected demands required from them. They held back every time change came their way, they had to put up with their oppressors because they didn’t have a mind
The study of physics and fluid dynamics in swimming has been a field of increasing interest for study in the past few decades among swimming coaches and enthusiasts. Despite the long history of research, the understanding of how to move the human body effectively through the water is still in its infancy. Competitive swimmers and their coaches of all levels are constantly striving for ways to improve their stroke technique and overall performance. The research and performances of today's swimmers are continuously disproving the beliefs of the past. Like in all sports, a better understanding of physics is enabling the world class swimmers to accomplish times never before thought possible. This was displayed on the grandest of scales in the 2000 Olympics when Ian Thorpe, Inge De Bruijn, Pieter Van Den Hoogenband and a number of other swimmers broke a total of twelve world records and numerous Olympic and national records.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.