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Penicillin introduction
Penicillin introduction
Contentious issues about the discovery of penicillin
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The Reality of Mistakes
At first glance, a world without any mistakes would be a utopia. However, this couldn’t be farther from the truth. Mistakes are essential to learning and deciphering right from wrong. Even some of the most useful inventions today were created by mistake. Mistakes are a crucial part of the learning process and can help build up character or strength over time. Humans frequently make errors, therefore, mistakes shouldn’t be perceived negatively.
Mistakes are essential for improvement, whether that’s in science or in social situations. Every error a person makes brings them closer to the right answer or a new discovery. For instance, the discovery of penicillin was based upon a mistake. However, the effect wasn’t a negative
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one, since penicillin is now used widespread. Alexander Fleming found a strange fungus on a culture that he left in his lab that killed off bacteria (Chemheritage.org). By Fleming making the mistake of leaving his culture out for too long, the newfound fungus ended up being a staple antibiotic for modern day medicine. There is an apparent fear of making errors in the medical field, specifically regarding surgery. Even a small scale mistake by a surgeon could be the difference between life and death for a patient. However, mistakes in the past have led doctors and surgeons to learn what not to do. By using a previous mistake as a negative example, surgeries can further improve. Another finding that was made by mistake was Christopher Columbus’ discovery of America. He was initially trying to find where India was, but mistook America to be India. Although this mistake is incredibly off from the correct location, it is still considered a great accomplishment. Columbus was the first European to discover American land (History.com). Mistakes commonly have a negative association with them, when in reality, most mistakes aren’t as detrimental as people perceive them to be. To see the correct answer, a person needs to view the incorrect ones to differentiate between the few. How would people know the difference between right from wrong, if there wasn’t a definition of wrong? Mistakes allow a person to realize that what they did initially didn’t work, therefore making them think differently or take an alternate approach. Famous figures such as Thomas Edison admitted to making dozens of mistakes before creating a successful final product. His famous quote was, “I have not failed. I have just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” From Edison’s point of view, mistakes don’t necessarily equate to failure. By constantly using the trail and error method, eventually, he developed the lightbulb which drastically changed society. It was a tedious process of finding out how to make the light bulb work, but without his numerous mistakes, he wouldn’t have success. Errors should just be considered part of a process rather than an outcome. Some of the greatest inventions were all because of a few mistakes, or in Edison’s case, thousands. Humans are bound to make frequent mistakes.
On the bright side, errors can build up one’s character. It’s more impressive for someone to fix their mistakes and return stronger than before, than get an answer right the first try. Bouncing back from an error is a difficult process, therefore, it’s often applauded when someone does fix their mistakes. Holden Caulfield, from Catcher in the Rye, makes a dozen mistakes over the course of the book. However, it’s not about the mistakes he makes, it’s the aftermath. Holden failed classes, left his school, and ran away from home. Without these mistakes, would the book have even a fraction of the intensity? Mistakes helped deepen the plot and become more relatable. Readers can relate to Holden since every person has messed up before. Holden shouldn’t be recognized for his series of mistakes, rather his bravery for coming home and going to therapy. His mistakes didn’t build him as a person, it was his actions following the errors. Holden coming back home and taking the initiative to go therapy showed that he cared about his sister and family. Without the mistakes, Holden would most likely continue distancing himself from his family. The series of mistakes brought his true character and values to the surface. Even though Holden suffered some consequences as a result of his mistake, the lesson he learned afterwards matters the most. If Holden never messed up, he wouldn’t realize that he actually cares about his parents. Even the character Scout Finch, from the classic book To Kill a Mockingbird, made the mistake of thinking her neighbor was an evil man. She created tales about him with friends and spread nasty rumors. When Scout found out that Boo Radley wasn’t all that evil, she realized she was in the wrong. Yet, without her interest in Radley, she may have never been saved by him during the attack, as well as not realizing the severity of being prejudice. By Scout and Jem frequently visiting Boo’s house, he began to take
interest in the kids. This is most likely what pushed Boo to save the kids from Ewell’s attack. The experience of figuring out that Boo Radley wasn’t a monster after all opened Scout’s eyes, and restored her faith in people. If she never perceived Boo to be creepy, she wouldn’t have had an epiphany later about her false judgements and unkind behavior. Not all errors should be frowned upon. Even the worst mistakes have a learning lesson attached with it. People wouldn’t be able differentiate between right and wrong without the emergence of errors. Progress isn’t a process revolved around perfection, since perfection isn’t realistic when it comes to humans. People need to make mistakes to learn and grow. A world without mistakes could easily be seen as beneficial, specifically regarding the medical field, but humans aren’t robots. Errors are a part of human nature, and there’s nothing wrong with that. The cliché, “What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger” definitely holds true.
The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger is a popular novel that was originally published in the 1950’s. In the book, Salinger explores various themes through the main character Holden and his interactions with others. Some of these themes include, alienation, loss and betrayal. Holden constantly feels betrayed throughout the novel by several people, including his roommate, teacher, and sister.
Mistakes are made by everyone whether it be because of confusion, lack of correct information, or just an accident. Mistakes are what make us human because we can't be perfect
Firstly,mistakes can be bad but they can also be good and lead to major discoveries. For example,in the first story,Heinrich Schliemann thought he knew exactly where the ancient city of Troy was so he started digging up trenches of dirt. He did make a mistake and dug too close and although artifacts were broken,he and Frank Calvert still found many unbroken artifacts and discovered where Troy had been. In conclusion,mistakes can do bad things but people can get some good things out of it,like big discoveries.
People may say that mistakes just hold scientists back and provide obstacles. John Denker says, “scientists worked to avoid mistakes.” He says that scientists did not just make one mistake that led to a big discovery, but they invented their products little by little, trying to make it perfect. Mistakes may hold you back sometimes, but they also really help you learn what to do at work.
...he errors we have made and do our best to make right what is now wrong.
Making mistakes is a completely normal part of life. Learning from your mistakes is a necessity because it’s the only way to progress. Beatrice Wood, an artist and sculptor speaks one solution for dealing with mistakes. “Life is full of mistakes. They’re like pebbles that make you a good road.” These “pebbles” (mistakes), which come in all different shapes and sizes create structure for us to go anywhere in life. By contrast, Holden’s resistance towards his school work creates too many pebbles, and he is stuck spinning his tires in rocks. In The Catcher in Rye, J.D. Salinger displays through Holden that making mistakes and learning from them is a vital part of growing up, because running
Imagine, a character so unique, so different, that everyone seems to find familiarity with him. The fact that this character is so different is what drives the reader towards him, and ultimately calls to the outcast within us all. Holden Caulfield was originally imagined to be a completely new idea, from the mind of J.D. Salinger. He wanted to call back to the thoughts of his youth, in hopes that readers could take a trip into his mind. What he didn’t expect, however, is that the trip readers were taking were into their own minds, questioning themselves. Catcher in the Rye has topped favorite book charts, banned book lists, and is even involved in a number of famous murders. A storytelling revolution, instant hit, and literary icon, Catcher in the Rye begs for further analysis, both into the mind of Holden, and the reader.
The novel is narrated by a 17-year-old named Holden Caulfield. He is a very hypocritical and repetitive narrator. He makes it very clear that he is not going to tell him about his childhood or parents. Holden is a patient in an institution near Hollywood, where his older brother DB. He then starts to tell us about all the “madman stuff” that occurred the last Christmas. He starts off his tale by visiting Mr. Spencer and wished he hadn’t. Mr. Spencer is sick and dressed in a peculiar way. He lectures Holden on what he is doing with his life and he needs to try harder. He keeps embarrassing and criticizing Holden about the decisions he's made in his life. After that bad conversation, Holden goes back to his dorm room. His “friend” Ackley visits
An excellent example of this is J.D. Salinger’s, The Catcher in the Rye, a story about a boy named Holden Caulfield, the main character, who went through a series of depression while trying to find his self-worth in New York. While still bouncing from school to school, Holden has to make several choices along his journey. He does not have a stable childhood and his parents keep sending him to other schools, so he never was really taught right from wrong and how to make good choices. Therefore, he does not always make the smartest choices due to not having been taught better. He has the same childish views and is often times depressed and is quite irresponsible mainly because he does not know any better (Schuessler). Also, he is violently minded
Holden Caulfield is the first-person narrator in J.D. Salinger’s novel, Catcher in the Rye. Holden is often classified as being an unreliable narrator. An unreliable narrator is a character whose telling of the story is not completely accurate or credible due to problems with the character's mental state or maturity. In the novel, Caulfield’s immaturity and pessimistic attitude towards the world prevents him from giving accurate details.
...mistakes and they work hard to fix it they don’t really care at the end of the day because sooner or later they will be doing the same thing and are going to need the same help doing the same thing.
Throughout the novel, J.D, Salinger develops Holden’s character with numerous situations. Holden makes the reader question his rectitude through his perspective of those around him, his sexual desires, his general attitude, and his chronic lying. Because Salinger permits the audience to know how situations proceed from Holden’s perspective, the audience has an alternative side of Holden available to evaluate. Without the varying traits Holden presents, The Catcher in the Rye would not thoroughly depict Holden as a suffering individual. Thus, Holden’s character is morally ambiguous and crucial to the overall development of the novel.
In J. D Salinger's The Catcher In The Rye, the reader can understand and witness Holden's problems that need to be solved. Throughout the novel, Holden has confronted many problems that are difficult to face. One of the main problems is that he can’t bridge the gap between adolescence and adulthood. He also has had problems with his love life and his own life because of the decisions he is making. Ultimately, while Holden is in school it can be seen that he is failing all his subjects except English.
It’s best for people to experience failures to learn from them and never repeat them. The definition of failure would be “the lack of success.” Failures could range on how important they are. Some failures could be major and only affect a person in a small way. Some failures could affect a person on how the person views life or how the person lives it. An example of a small failure could be to check the milk expires to avoid drinking it. A person could of accidentally drank the rotten milk and then learned from that point on to check the expiration date instead of just drinking it. That failure wouldn’t be as important as other
Everyone, at some point in their lives, has made a mistake. Sometimes we get lucky and only falter a little, making it through the problem relatively intact. Other times, we mess up a lot and have to fix what was damaged over a long period of time. However, the same is true for most, if not all cases—those who make the mistake learn from it. Often times, our failures teach us valuable lessons that we only gain because of the experience we gain after messing up.