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The invasion of the Aztecs by the Spanish
Reasons for the successful conquest of mexico
The invasion of the Aztecs by the Spanish
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Hernan Cortes First to start out, we should get some facts straight. A conquistador is basically a Spanish conqueror. Their main goals were to search for gold and other riches from the Caribbean and draw them back to the mainland. The absolute most important conquistador in all of history is Hernan Cortes. From the foothills of Barcelona in Spain, a man came to be. Full of strength, honor, wisdom, and courage, this man was named Hernan Cortes. He, as the Spaniards would say, was a god among men. Legend says he had cat-like reflexes, and also had the mind filled with strategies. He may not have been the tallest person in the crowd, but he had the most will to achieve greatness. He is one of Spain's most influential, if not the most, conquistadors. His main accomplishment was the Spanish Conquest of Mexico. With about 600 men and 16 horses, Hernan Cortes landed on the Mexican coast in search of gold. From local inhabitants, he heard of a great and he had heard of a great and wealthy civilization farther inland. This civilization is what we call now the Aztec empire. He and his troops marched onward towards Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital. In a modern sense, his main goal was to kick out the Aztec Indians there and show them who the boss is. The Native Americans were full of malice, as according to Spanish History, yet they respected Hernan Cortes. Some of them thought that Hernan Cortes was their god, Quezacoatl, reincarnated to lead them the way. At first, the Moctezuma, the Aztec's leader, sent rich gifts to Cortes. The sight of such wealth only made Cortes and his men march faster to the capital. It's just like following a trail of pieces of candy. You don't just want the little pieces found, but the entire bag. Moctezuma welcomed Cortes and gave him a place to use inside the city. However, Cortes being extremely greedy took Moctezuma captive and demanded for even more gold. Thus, they started the battle for Mexico. At first, it seemed like the Spanish had total control of the city, but trouble soon broke out. In May 1520, Cortes briefly left the city. Ignorantly, his men, for some odd reason, attacked the Aztec. "Those Idiots!" I bet Cortes would have exclaimed as he came back to find his men being besieged in Moctezuma's palace. Cortes, being quite the intelligent thinker, thought that calming them would be the best way out of the situation.
“The Conquest of New Spain” is the first hand account of Bernal Diaz (translated by J.M. Cohen) who writes about his personal accounts of the conquest of Mexico by himself and other conquistadors beginning in 1517. Unlike other authors who wrote about their first hand accounts, Diaz offers a more positive outlook of the conquest and the conquistadors motives as they moved through mainland Mexico. The beginning chapters go into detail about the expeditions of some Spanish conquistadors such as Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba, Juan de Grijalva and Hernando Cotes. This book, though, focuses mainly on Diaz’s travels with Hernando Cortes. Bernal Diaz’s uses the idea of the “Just War Theory” as his argument for why the conquests were justifiable
Cortez is a hero and should be respected as a hero for the reasons that he stood up the way many were scared to do so in his time. We live in a city filled with many Hispanics that could relate and argue the same that Cortez is a here to the Mexican American culture. For now Cortez’s story is only told as a folk tale but I believe one day Cortez is going to be recognized as a hero. Just give it time. Viva Gregorio Cortez!
Slide 2 transition into slide 3- Once Cortes and his small army defeated Montezuma’s powerful Mexican Aztec warriors, which outnumbered the Spaniards 10-1. The riches in form of Gold started to flood into Spain.
Cortes was able to conquer the Aztecs for several very different reasons. In combination these reasons allowed him to have the upper hand in the conquest of Mexico. Arguably these reasons can be sorted into six different categories. The various causes for Cortes' success will be assessed in a climax pattern. To begin with the Aztecs had a harsh tribute system that was not popular among the people of Mexico. This cruel tribute system allowed Cortes to act as a liberator. Furthermore, with the Spanish brought several diseases into Mexico in witch they were immune to but the Aztecs were not. The spread of diseases such as small pox reduced the Aztec population and furthered Cortes' success unintentionally Also Marina was a tribal girl given as a gift to Cortes, she proved invaluable in translating local dialects in combination with Geronimo de Aguilar. Also an important aspect of his success was due to Montezuma's belief that Cortes was Quetzakoatl. A predominant reason for the Spanish success was due to their weaponry especially their armour and firepower. Perhaps the most important reason of all was that of Cortes' Indian allies such as the Tlaxcalans who made up the majority of his combined army. All these reasons worked together to allow Cortes, originally with 508 men to conquer the Aztec Empire of millions of people.
In 1539 Hernando de Soto and five hundred adventurers began on a journey of exploration that would take 4 years and would travel through 10 states in the southeast United States. His goal was to discover a source of wealth, preferably gold, and around his mines establish a settlement. During his travels through La Florida he encountered numerous groups of native peoples, making friends of some and enemies of others. His expedition was not the first in La Florida; however, it was the most extensive. In its aftermath, thousands of Indians would die by disease that the Spaniards brought from the Old World. De Soto would initially be remembered as a great explorer but, would be later viewed as a destroyer of native culture. However, in truth de Soto was neither a hero or a villain but rather an adventurer.
Cortés went to Tenochtitlan in mid-August 1519, along with 600 soldiers, 15 horsemen, 15 cannons, and hundreds of indigenous carriers and warriors. On the way to Tenochtitlan, Cortés made alliances with indigenous peoples such as the Totonacs of Cempoala and the Nahuas of Tlaxcala. The Otomis initially, and then the Tlaxcalans fought the Spanish a series of three battles from 2 Sept. to 5 Sept. 1519, After Cortés continued to release prisoners with messages of peace, Xicotencatl the Elder, and Maxixcatzin, persuaded the Tlaxcalan warleader, Xicotencatl the Younger, that it would be better to ally with the newcomers than to kill them. On November 8, 1519, they were peacefully received by Moctezuma
She did not only translate for him but she also served as a spy for the Spaniards. She also saved Cortes and his men from many embarrassing moments, as well as bloodsheds, and her knowledge of Aztec culture gave Cortes many advantages. One of these advantages was that the natives believed that Cortes was Quetzalcoatl reincarnated, and that he was coming back to reclaim his people. Even though, this belief did not last for long time, it gave Cortes the opportunity to attract Moctezuma’s attention. Without her, many negotiations between Moctezuma and Cortes would have been
Hernán arrived in Hispaniola in late 1504, where he became a citizen. He worked as a notary in a small town until 1506, when he lead an expedition to conquer all of Hispaniola. The expedition left Hernán with a large area of land and many native slaves. In 1511, Hern...
Cabeza de Vaca was sent to fulfill the quest of claiming territory from Florida to Mexico for Spain. His choice to become a conquistador sent him through an unforgettable journey that he never saw coming. Landing in Florida with his large army, he eventually got split up from his army. Cabeza de Vaca and his men were the few survivors out of everyone who went. Landing in Galveston they found the Karankawa Indians and began living like there slaves. He discovered that his experiences were different from other Spanish conquistadors. He no longer wanted to take away from these people.
Hernan Cortes along with the Spanish army of five hundred, and thousands of Indian warriors declared war with the Aztecs. Moctezuma believed that the person coming towards his land was Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl who was forced into exile, but promised to return. Topiltzin was born in the year ce acatl, departed during ce acatl. Coincedently Cortes came in the year of ce acatl, unfortunately for Moctezuma having his guards down and his arms open during the start of the war.
Eventually, Cortes found himself in Mexico, where he encounters the Aztec Empire. His first encounter with Aztecs was all based on a lie in which the Aztecs believed he was an ambassador
The reaction of the Aztecs made the Spaniards took refuge. Meanwhile Hernan Cortés was away to fight Panfilo de Narvaez, he was going to apprehend him by order of Diego Velázquez (governor of Cuba). As a result, Cortes returns to the city of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, after having defeated Panfilo de Narvaez, returning with more men and kicking such a war, it is also when the Spaniards throw the bodies of Motecuhzoma and Itzcuauhtzin. After seven days of being besieged Spaniards prepared to leave at night, the city was then that could "get even" the Mexica called it the "Noche Triste", where the Spaniards who remained alive after being thrown into the canal Toltec and keep walking, they took refuge in Teocalhueyacan. The writer talks about the attitude of the Mexica when the Spaniards attacked, they believed that they would never return. so resume their normal activities and celebrations; although its tranquility lasted them little since then there was a plague that struck the Mexica, it was then reappeared Spanish on the side of Cuauhtitlan and resume the war, now by water in the brigs, giving gunshots and moving into the city, while some Mexica took refuge in Tlatelolco tried to defend others. Unfortunately for the Aztecs, the Spaniards took over everything by end of the book. The last pages of the book talks about
By being a cruel man who always wanted his way like a spoiled brat, using people, and destroying one of the greatest civilizations in the world: the Mexicas, also known as the Aztecs.An example of his cruelty is when he threatened to kill any of his men who did not want to continue the expidition, before proceeding to sink their ships. Cortés is also known for using people, specifically the Aztec Empire’s emperor, Moctezuma the Second. He used Moctezuma’s life as a hostage to steal gold, similar to Pizarro, the conqueror of the Incan Empire of modern day Peru. Lastly, he destroyed a great civilization. By committing genocide, and spreading pestilence, Cortés destroyed not only
Montezuma, the ruler of Tetnochitlan, which was soon to be New Spain, welcomed Cortes and his crew at first, but began to fall suspicious and asked them to leave. But for Hernan Cortes, that wasn't an option. He made a promise to the Aztecs, that despised
Ignoring Velázquez's orders to confine his activities to exploration and trade, Cortés set out to conquer the powerful Aztec empire. After making an alliance with the Tlaxcalans, traditional enemies of the Aztecs, Cortés proceeded to the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán, where he was received as an emissary of Charles V by the Aztec leader Montezuma II. Cortés took Montezuma prisoner and for some time was able to rule through him. During an Aztec uprising in 1520, however, Montezuma was slain, either by the Spanish or by his own people, and Cortés and his men were forced out of the city with heavy losses. During this the city was virtually razed, Cortés finally defeated the Aztecs in 1521. The next year the emperor named him governor of Mexico, or "new Spain." Following an abortive expedition into Honduras, Cortés was suspended from the office of governor in 1526. Two years later he returned to Spain to seek redress from the Emperor. Although the Emperor conferred on him the title of Marquis and confirmed his claim to the considerable wealth he had acquired in the New World, Cortés was not reappointed governor. He returned to Mexico that year, but never again exercised political power. In 1540 he retired to Spain, where he died in