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The European Invasion of the Aztec Civilization
Thunder on their Ships
They are landing with rulers, squares, compasses
Sextants
White skin fair eyes, naked word
Thunder on their ships.
Leopold Sedar Senghor, “Ethiopiques” (Adas)
“Thunder on their ships” can be used to describe Herman Cortes when he landed at what is now Veracruz, Mexico in 1519 A.D. The light skinned and bearded Spaniard led his men into territory occupied by the Aztec civilization. Little did Cortes know, but that happened to be the same year in the Aztec culture when a white and bearded deity was expected to arrive. Montezuma, the Aztec’s ruler, greeted Cortes with honors fit for a God and opened up his empire for Spanish invasion. Cortes and his followers, equipped with the most up to date technology of the time, successfully caused the demise of the Aztec civilization. However, the most contemporary weaponry and technology did not solely destroy the Aztecs. Smallpox, a deadly disease introduced to the Americas by Spanish soldiers, infected the non-immune natives who died rapidly after exposure (Ehrlich, 253). This epidemic swept through the Aztec population, decreasing numbers from twenty-five million to six million (Ponting, 230). The European invasion of the Aztec civilization is just one of many examples of how European expansion affected the world. For centuries, Europeans were the leaders of expansion and exploration to many areas of the world. However, expansion of other, less researched civilizations, such as the Aztecs, occurred on a much smaller scale. The differences between the movement of the Aztec people and the Europeans as well as their effects on the environment are directly correlated to cultural and technological factors of both...
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...ferent cultures and lifestyles influence the movement and effects of civilizations and their environment worldwide.
Sources
Adas, Michael, “Machines as the Meaure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies
of Western Dominance”, Cornell Univ. Press 1989, pp. 1-35.
Cipolla, Carlo M., Epilog from “Guns, Sails, and Empires: Technological Innovation and
the Early Phases of European Expansion, 1400-1700” Sunflower Univ. Press,
1996, pp. 132-148.
Ehrlich, Paul R., “Gods, Dive-Bombers, and Bureaucracy” in “Human Natures:
Genes Cultures, and the Human Prospect” Island Press, 2000, pp. 253-279.
Ponting, Clive. “The Changing Face of Death” in “A Green History of the World.” St.
Martins Press, NYC, 1991, pp. 224-239.
Teresi, Dick, “Lost Discoveries: The ancient roots of modern science”’, Simon and
Schuster, 2002, ISBN 0-684-83718-8, pp. 325-367.
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Both the Spaniards and Aztecs reinvestigated their religions as a result of their encounter and conquest. Understanding the context of both the Spanish and Aztec cultures before their encounter and conquest is important to understanding the events of the conquest. This also sheds light on how both the Spanish and Aztecs learned about each other. They attempted to reflect frameworks from their own cultures onto the new one;
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