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Social determinants of health conclusion
The 12 social determinants of health
Social determinants of health conclusion
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In this paper, we will focus on cancer. As cancer is well-known because of its high death rate and difficult to cure. Although the technology of medical is developed in tremendous speed nowadays, the number of cancer patient still increase without any letup and it have been predicted in 2035 there will be a 70 percent increase on cancer cases. In this paper, we will mainly focus on Colorectal cancer which is the top four common types of cancer occurred in 2016.
Colorectal cancer is more likely appear in developed countries and 54 percent of the it occurred in developed countries. As developed countries usually developed more complete with better living environment and condition, so the life quality of those citizen will be higher than those
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Health Belief Model is based on psychological knowledge, it uses as an explanation and prediction of an individual’s health behaviors through understanding one’s attitude and beliefs towards health. The model was composed by three main assumptions. First, if he/she think that himself/herself can avoid the negative health condition. Second, if the person feels optimistic about he/she can avoid the negative condition by taking a suggested action. Third, if the person was confident that he/she can execute the suggested action …show more content…
It means the person has correct evaluation and judgment to oneself, and believe that they can achieve an expected outcome successfully by putting efforts during the action. It is important for oneself to overcome the barriers or difficulties, as high self-efficacy can provide confident and willpower to deal with those obstructions and helps to stay positive and determination. Finally, Cues to Action are the readiness of acting. It is about whether the person gains enough information from difference source, for example, they can receive information from health professions remind, media promotion and close-related past experience. To enhance their awareness and reminders to take prevention. Besides the six components, there are also several factors will affect cues to action such as their knowledge of the disease, past experience, social class, etc. The model also mentioned that the individual only feels confident and able to maintain a long period improvement if they are afraid of their poor behavior and believe alter their behavior can result in much more benefits than
Cancer is one of the 9 National Health Priority Areas (NHPA), areas which account for a significant portion of the burden of disease, but have sizeable potential for improvement. In Australia, CRC is the second most common cancer, after prostate (in men) and breast cancer (in women) (AIHW, Cancer incidence projections). The incidence has gradually increased (by 13% in males from 1982-2007) (AIHW, Cancer in Australia an overview). This is compounded by the ageing population and population growth, with 14,860 new cases in 2010 (http://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer). This graph demonstrates this upward trend ((AIHW, Cancer incidence projections):
It indicated that people will carry out a health-related action if they have the perception
One target behavior needing change is to recognize symptoms of diseases and to get regular check-ups. These two were chosen as one behavior change because they both go hand in hand in preventing diseases. For example, by physically examining myself and by determining if something is wrong by what I know I could seriously limit my chances of illness by scheduling an appointment with my doctor. By communicating this information with my doctor we can come up with a diagnosis together by evaluating all the signs and symptoms. Doing both of these behaviors is essential for a healthy disease free body because even though doctors know how to cure and diagnose diseases no one still knows their bodies better then the patient. For example, doctors may diagnose someone with diabetes due to the physical signs they can see, such as ketone body urination; However, because doctors cannot read the patients mind it is possible that the diagnosis is incorrect. One possible scenario could be that the patient drank a lot last night and so they still experiencing splitting headaches and dehydration. Ketone body urination is a sign doctors can see through a urinalysis but the headache is not and so therefore it's considered a symptom because only a patient can determine the headache as being truth. That being said communicating all this information to the doctor could accurately lead them to diagnosing and treating you for alcoholic ketoacidosis instead of diabetes. So therefore if I understand the symptoms of diseases and then schedule an appointment to communicate with my doctor and get examined then I can become as healthy and as well as possible by limiting my chances of physical harm.
The psychological model also looks at people’s wellbeing and the effect that diabetes has on people psychologically. Diabetes can be caused by depression, which is a health issue that affects people’s behaviour and personality because it is a condition that can cause mental breakdown as diabetes is a condition that has to be controlled to be able to live a healthy lifestyle. People that are affected by a health issue because of psychological problems are at risk of developing diabetes which is usually caused by comfort eating and peer
Personal models refer to patients’ representations of their illness, and include knowledge, beliefs, experiences and emotions concerning their health condition (Petrie & Weinman, 1997; Skelton & Croyle, 1991). Within self-regulation theory, they are assumed to play an important role in determining a person’s response to a health threat and their subsequent health-related behaviour (Leventhal, Leventhal, & Contrada, 1998; Leventhal, Nerenz, & Steele, 1984). Consistent with self-regulation theory, personal models of diabetes have been shown to be predictive of diet and, to a lesser extent, exercise self-management among older people with diabetes (Hampson, 1997a).
Human behavior is a vital component in the sustainment of health and the prevention of illness. For some decades now there has been an increasing attention to the contribution of psychological and social components to improving and changing health. Health specialists have used the help of models of behavior change in order to reduce health risks. Through all these years psychosocial models have been a leading influence in predicting and explaining health behaviors. The most accustomed are the social cognition models. A central principle of social cognition is that people’s social behavior is comprehended by examining their perceptions about their own behaviour
The key concept of the health belief model includes threat perception (perceived threat), behavioral evaluation, self-efficacy and other variables. The threat perception has very great relevance in health-related behaviors. This perception are measured by perceived susceptibility (the beliefs about the likelihood of contacting a disease) and perceived severity (the feeling about the seriousness of contacting an illness and leaving it untreated). The behavioral evaluation is assessed by the levels of perceived benefits (the positive effects to be expected), perceived barriers (potential negative aspects of a health behavior), and cues to action (the strategies to activated one’s readiness). The self-efficacy key concept was not originally included in of the health belief model, and it was just added in 1998 to look at a person’s belief in his/her ability to take action in order to make a health related change. The other variables that are also the key concepts of the model include diverse demography, sociopsychology, education, and structure. These factors are variable from one to another and indirectly influence an individual’s health-related behavior because the factors influence the perception...
Self-efficacy: emphasizing that the subject is the primary determinant of the effectiveness of the treatment and valorize the efforts already accomplished.
Health belief model is becoming aware of threat, if a person does not see a healthcare behavior as risky or threatening there is no encouragement to act. For example, when Sabrina swims at their summer lake every day, she doesn’t realize that she is at risk of skin cancer and will most likely to continue to swim at the infected lake. According to several search, there are two main types of perceived threats such as perceived susceptibility and perceived severity. Susceptibility refers to how much risk a person perceives he or she has. On the other hand, severity refers to how serious the consequences might be to effectively change health behaviors, most people however usually believe in both susceptibility and severity. Because both susceptibly
Lets make it quite clear that change doesn’t happen overnight nor is it ever a process easy. To make a proper and healthy life-style behavior change, you must be dedicated to put in the time and effort that’s necessary for accomplish any goal. When I first began to become engage in exercising and becoming more physically fit I found that the Health Belief Model and the Social Cognitive Theory demonstrated the progression that I have made throughout my change. To begin you do not need to try and follow through the steps provided in any given model or a theory, the reasoning behind that statement is that everyone is different so our stages of change will all differ from one another. For me, once I decided that I wanted to begin attending group-fitness classes I found that through the Health Belief Model I had to understand the perceived benefits of my change, I had to
Self-efficacy is the belief that someone has the inherent ability to achieve a goal. A student who has a high self-efficacy allows himself to believe that he can be successfully academically.(Bozo & Flint, 2008) He believes that a challenging problem is a task that can be mastered This student is more committed to work in the classroom. (Schunk,1991). On the other hand, a student who has a low level of self-efficacy is likely to be academically motivated. He is more likely to avoid a task that is difficult, give up, make excuses, or lose confidence in his abilities (Margolis & McCabe, 2006). This failure becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Teachers need to find ways to motivate these students by increasing their self-efficacy.
The Concept of Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy, for the purpose of this study, may be defined as a person’s optimistic self-belief. This is the belief that a person can develop the skills to perform new or difficult tasks to cope with changes in health and functioning. When a person perceives self-efficacy, it will facilitate goal-setting, effort, investment, persistence, overcoming obstacles and recovery from disappointments and failures. It can be regarded as a positive outlook or proactive way to handle stress factors. It is the ability to successfully cope with health changes, and implies an internal and stable acceptance of changes and ability to successfully adapt to those changes.
Dr. Diane Lauver is a professor and director of the NP program at the University of Wisconsin. She has been studying why people do or do not engage in selected health-related behavior. So, she decided to review models of health behavior. The models considered as a proposal of this theory are Health Belief Model by Becker & Maiman (1975), Theory of Reasoned Action by Ajzen
Health psychology is a relatively new concept rapidly growing and could be defined as the biological and psychological influences affect ones behaviour also bringing in social influences of health and illness (MacDonald, 2013). Biological determinants consider genetic and biological factors of an illness whereas psychological determinants focus on the psychological factors such as why people behave the way they do when dealing with issues such as anxiety and stress. Models such as the Health Belief Model and Locus of Control were developed in attempt to try and explain psychological issues around a chronic illness such as breast cancer (Ogden, 2012). Sociological factors can cause an enormous amount of pressure for one to behave in a certain way for example gender roles in society and religious considerations when dealing with health beliefs. Health Beliefs can be defined as one’s own perception to their own personal health and illness and health behaviours (Ogden, 2012). There are also theories and models used to explain pain and coping with diagnosis such as Moos and Schaefer (1984) Crisis theory and Shontz (1975) cycle of grief people go through when being diagnosed with a serious illness.
The concept of self-efficacy is grounded in Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory. Bandura (1994) defines perceived self-efficacy as “people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce efforts” (p. 71). In essence, one having strong self-efficacy experience increase in motivation, accomplishment, and personal well-being ( Bandura, 1994). Those with a low sense of self-efficacy, on the other hand, often suffer stress and depression; unbelieving of their capabilities and often succumbed to failure (Bandura, 1994).