Visual arts have, over time, extended from their traditional forms of drawing, painting, sculpture and printing to include more improved forms such as installations and interactive works. The new techniques and methods being embraced by the visual arts field have enabled it to spread to even larger environments such as the media. The extension of art works has caused a considerable conflict concerning the definition of an artwork. Due to this reason, it has been difficult for the judiciary to decide on how to execute the protection of copyrights and the susceptibility of artwork to other additional benefits such as tax exemption or reduction. Viewing it from a general perspective, art can be considered as a multidisciplinary comprising of a …show more content…
The case involved leading contemporary artists, Dan Flavin and Bill Viola against the VAT and Duties Tribunal in England . Haunch of Venison imported Viola’s contemporary artwork from the US into the UK. On arrival, the light installations were subjected to custom charges as the HM Revenue and Customs refused to classify it as a sculpture and instead categorized it as “electrical devices” and specifically under lamp and light fittings. Hence, the sculpture would be subjected to custom duty fee. The case proceeded to court where the HMRC argued that the light installations were not artworks when disassembled to the various electrical constituent parts. The HMRC also argued that since Viola’s work was only limited to digital data, it lacked the three dimensional qualities which qualify a work of art as a sculpture. The witnesses for Haunch of Venison, who included a number of artists gave clear evidence in support of the gallery. Viola demonstrated how he managed to customize digital video apparatus to maximize the artistic impression of his fitting. He also demonstrated how he installed his video installations to give them a three-dimensional quality . The court came to an agreement that sculpture and what should constitute a sculpture has increasingly expanded throughout the 20th and 21st century. It came up with a decision that sculpture …show more content…
For this case, the Gagosian Gallery in New York representing renowned American artists is planning to sell one of his prominent works. The company representing him decided to ship it for an exhibit in Artland. The artwork was shipped in its assembled state and insured the art for the value of $15, 000,000. An agent from the custom authority, however, removed the sculpture from the category of artworks and placed it under the household appliances categories. In this case, the sculpture attracted $3,000,000 VAT, which is equivalent to 15% charged for household appliances. In addition, the sculpture attracted a larger taxation since its assessment value was based on its importer’s declared value which was $15,
The dispute occurred in Victoria between a registered company, Tallerman & Co Pty Ltd ("the plaintiff") and an incorporated company, Nathan's Merchandise Pty Ltd. ("the defendant), where both parties operated their business. Two previous binding contracts (orders No. 58 and No. M57) were made in communications on 14th May 1951 and 2nd August 1951 respectively, each for the sale by the plaintiff to the defendant of 1,000,000 Hungarian .22 bullets. A consignment of 1,800,000 bullets for the above orders was dispatched from Sydney to the defendant by rail on the 12th February 1952 and was received by a carrier employed by the defendant in Melbourne who stored the bullets in the defendant's warehouse, where they resided for three days. Claiming that under the contractual terms, those bullets should only be delivered when requested, the defendant refused to take the delivery, and thus reconsigned the bullets back to Sydney by rail. On 3rd March 1952 a letter by the plaintiff's solicitor was sent out requiring the defendant to accept the "contractual goods" and that otherwise necessary steps would be taken to enforce the plaintiff's legal rights. On 6th March the defendant's solicitors responded by reasserting the stance that it had been settled from the start that delivery of bullets should be made only when the defendant required them, to fulfill its customers' orders. In addition the defendant's solicitors raised the further point that the location of delivery in Melbourne was inconsistent with the contractual terms.
My goal for this paper is to give a practical critique and defense of what I have learned in my time as a Studio Art Major. During my time here I have learned that Pensacola Christian college’s definition of art “art is the organized visual expression of ideas or feelings” and the four parts of Biblosophy: cannon, communication, client, and creativity. Along with Biblosophy I have studied Dr. Frances Schaeffer 's criteria for art, seeing how the technical, and the major and minor messages in artwork. All of these principles are great but they do need to be refined.
What does the work consist of? Who authored it, and how? What is it based on, and how does it relate? What is it, and what will become of it? The answers to these questions, collectively, form an important response to a bigger question: What is art? What does it mean to describe a piece as “a work of art”?
In Gaut’s essay, “The Ethical Criticism of Art”, he addresses the relevance of an art piece’s ethical value when making an aesthetic evaluation. His key argument revolves around the attitudes that works of art manifest such that he presents the following summary “If a work manifests ethically reprehensible attitudes, it is to that extent aesthetically defective, and if a work manifests ethically commendable attitudes, it is to that extent aesthetically meritorious”. In direct contrast with formalists, who divine a work’s merit through an assessment of its style and compositional aspects, Gaut states that any art piece’s value requires a pro tanto judgement. This pro tanto position allows for pieces considered stylistic masterpieces, to be
Nobody comes to watch his show, which makes him feel frustrated. He even receives the harsh criticism that his “processed cartons and tin cans [cannot be classified] as sculpture”. Indeed, there is high possibility that Hap agrees to this comment, calling it “something other than art”. Hap’s reaction to the reality that Warhol’s work has been sold for 23 million dollars is imaginable; of course he would be shocked, pondering whether it is reasonable. The tolerance to embrace others’ style of art does not exist in Hap, since he has distinct
A mutually supportive relationship between artists and society would be the ideal under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Our society would recognize and support an expanded role for artists. Free and diverse artistic expressions are vital for challenging people to rethink their assumptions and for educating people about past and present issues. We should oppose censorship in the arts, and encourage individual and social expression by artists. Only by supporting the voice...
What is ‘Art’? Does the term describe a tangible object, experiential event, process, technique, medium, or creative skill? Does it imply attractive decoration, pleasant arrangement, and sound financial investment - or can art provoke, be unattractive, make people uncomfortable, and be fleeting? Today, Art is subjective, open to interpretation and encompasses the spectrum of the visual, literary, dance, and musical humanities - often overlapping one another. As such, Art and its practice can be all of the above and more. Post World War II, Modernist theories were waning and a general dissatisfaction was building in the United States and other westernized countries that ultimately led up to the cultural and social revolution of the 1960’s. The period also parallels a rise in relative wealth and subsequent mass consumption of commodities, education, and cultural activities within all the socioeconomic classes. Personal expression became acceptable and art practice exploded to include multiple fields of activity that Rosalind Krauss likens to “an extraordinary practice in elasticity”. Interest in ecology, performance, process, alternative materials, a loosening of social mores and experimentation with altered states of reality contributed to the rise of what is now known amply as Postmodernism. Civil rights, the anti-war movement, rise of feminism, and a political movement left of center created egalitarian entrances for many into various fields of study including Art. Nevertheless, similar to the current state of Western Civilization, not everyone appreciates an open multiplicity of voices often differing in viewpoints from safer, more conservative ones. It is in this context that artists Robert Smithson and Richard Serra bega...
Art, unlike other words cannot be characterized by one simple definition; the meaning of art is much more than a surface level interpretation. Over many centuries, art has proved to be a way people can express themselves, plays a role in shaping cultures, and allows for communication through many different ways of expression. Art can either take a lifetime to study or can be as straightforward as graffiti on the side of a popular building. The topic of art has been largely controversial dating back to Mo Tzu, and the wide dispute has only evolved over centuries. There are ways to examine the different realms art touches, and how it has evolved over time. While art is widely discussed in many forms, one thing is for sure, art provides an outlet
The definition of art has always been a wondering question throughout the centuries. Even our discussions in class lead back to the meaning of art and the individual viewer. The author Cynthia Freeland in But Is It Art? reviews and examines the diversity of both art theory and art. Most of the theories she examined from the different eras and cultures fell short. None of the theories were successful in defining the definition of art. Cynthia states, “Art enhances our awareness of both ourselves and our world. Unlike scientific theories, a theory of art does not predict what artists are going to do next. Art theory as I have described in this book is still an explanatory enterprise. Art is something special (Freeland 208). Cynthia Freeland realizes she cannot categorize art, but believes that art will always be diverse!
In this case one parent company, D.H.N. Food Distributors ltd [DHN] imported groceries and had a grocery supply business.
International Trade Law Case Study Introduction International trade transaction is essential for the sale of goods with the addition of an international element. In practice, the seller and buyer are in different countries where the goods must travel from the seller’s country to the buyer’s country by various means of transports. In international sale of goods, they usually transit the goods by sea because of the international transactions. Therefore, contracts for the carriage of those goods must be procured between the seller or buyer and common carrier depending on different types of sale of contracts. Moreover, in most of incidences, the agreed goods are usually insured at a reasonable amount in case of being loss or damaged during the transit.
Art is not useless as Oscar Wilde stated; nor is it the death of logic by emotion as Plato supposed. Art is an activist trying to inform and shape the social consciousness. Art by nature is critical and questions how the world is perceived. These questions are pivotal in creating change within society. The Armory Show, a major turning point in American art, for example, was inspired by shifting perceptions of the aesthetic and a stirring toward modernity. The Armory Show was an artistic rebellion against the juries, prizes, and restricted exhibitions that excluded unacademic and yet t...
From Mark Twain to Vincent van Gogh, each genre of art comes with its greatest master. There are many compelling arguments to why this specific artist, musician or writer is the best in their category. In modern days, we don’t have a Mozart, or a Hemingway or even an Andy Warhol. There are many good artists of their own kind and many more are emerging thanks to new technology and new forms of media art. However, many arguments are made as to why these forms of art aren’t considered true forms of art. A few years back and even today, many argue that digital paintings aren’t real art so it is not surprising when people don’t think of a video game as an art form, but it is. The world is at constant change and so is art.
Your leadership skills are average. You are making moderate use of your talents and leadership abilities, but you are functioning well below your peak. You are not employing Optimal Thinking to achieve your greatest mission, vision, values, guiding principles, strategy and best tactics. You are settling for second best. When progress is looking for a partner it doesn't turn to those who believe that they are only average.
Art can be defined in many ways by an individual. One can say that any creative output by a person is considered art. Others contend that art must conform to a societal standard and the basis of the creation should be understood by most intellectual people. For example, some contend that computer-generated images, such as fractals, are not art due to the large role played by a computer. E.O. Wilson states “the exclusive role of the arts is to intensify aesthetic and emotional response. Works of art communicate feeling directly from mind to mind, with no intent to explain why the impact occurs” (218). A simple definition may be that art is the physical expression of the ideals formed by the mind.