Hackers: Information Warefare
The Popularity Of The Internet Has Hrown Immeasurably In The Past Few Years.
Along with it the so-called "hacker" community has grown and risen to a level
where it's less of a black market scenario and more of "A Current Affair"
scenario. Misconceptions as to what a hacker is and does run rampant in
everyone who thinks they understand what the Internet is after using it a few
times. In the next few pages I'm going to do my best to prove the true
definition of what a hacker is, how global economic electronic warfare ties into
it, background on the Internet, along with a plethora of scatological material
purely for your reading enjoyment. I will attempt to use the least technical
computer terms I can, but in order to make my point at times I have no choice.
There are many misconceptions, as to the definition, of what a hacker truly is,
in all my research this is the best definition I've found: Pretend your walking
down the street, the same street you have always walked down. One day, you see
a big wooden or metal box with wires coming out of it sitting on the sidewalk
where there had been none.
Many people won't even notice. Others might say, "Oh, a box on the street.". A
few might wonder what it does and then move on. The hacker, the true hacker,
will see the box, stop, examine it, wonder about it, and spend mental time
trying to figure it out. Given the proper circumstances, he might come back
later to look closely at the wiring, or even be so bold as to open the box. Not
maliciously, just out of curiosity. The hacker wants to know how things
work.(8)
Hackers truly are "America's Most Valuable Resource,"(4:264) as ex-CIA Robert
Steele has said. But if we don't stop screwing over our own countrymen, we will
never be looked at as anything more than common gutter trash. Hacking computers
for the sole purpose of collecting systems like space-age baseball cards is
stupid and pointless; and can only lead to a quick trip up the river.
Let's say that everyone was given an opportunity to hack without any worry of
prosecution with free access to a safe system to hack from, with the only catch
being that you could not hack certain systems. Military, government, financial,
commercial and university systems would all still be fair game. Every operating
system, every application, every network type all open to your curious minds.
Would this be a good alternative? Could you follow a few simple guidelines for
Hacking has two primary definitions; the first refers to the enthusiastic and skilful use of computers to solve problems (Techterms, 2013); the second, to “gain unauthorized access to data in a system or computer” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2013). In the context of this essay the second definition is more appropriate and will be the meaning inferred throughout. This definition also more closely aligns with legal terminology used in the UK when describing the hacking of computers. The Computer Misuse Act (1990) introduced three criminal offenses:
Between 1945 and 1960, the Cold War was the conflict between the Communist nations led by the Soviet Union and the democratic nations led by the United States. It was fought by all means – political propaganda, economic trade policy shifts, diplomatic (or flexible response) haggling, and occasional military clashes. It is, quite safe to say that in 1947, “when President Truman, of the United States, declared an anti-communist policy, with the creation of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 and the Marshall Plan, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union began.” (Economic Cooperation, 79)
Hacking has been around since the birth of computers. When the term hacking was first used, its meaning was not that of how we think of it today. At the origins of computing, a hacker was considered to be just a "creative programmer (Baase, 2003)." Early forms of computer games as well as the beginnings of operating systems were discovered and created by these original hackers. These hackers plunged into systems as a way of an intellectual challenge and to aspire to gain knowledge (Baase, 2003). Kevin Mitnick believes he falls into this realm of hackers. Hackers in today's era are now looked upon as criminals who invade the privacy rights of individuals and have the ability to deliver worms/viruses. The differences are that hackers today have full intentions of delivering terrible viruses and worms. Mitnick was one of the most infamous hackers during the 1980's. He molded his hacking style around the stupidity of humans and his quest for intellectual knowledge. The ways in which he wiggled his way into computer systems extenuates many of the issues surrounding computer security and privacy.
Welsh, Brandon C., and David P. Farrington. (2007) "Save Children from a Life of Crime.” Criminology & Public Policy 6.4): 871-79.
White-collar crime, specifically computer crime, is becoming more popular as computers become more readily available. Crimes using computers and crimes against computers are usually committed without fear of being caught, due to the detachment of the offender from the victim.
Technology has opened new encounters and opportunities for the criminal justice system. There are so many new practices of criminal activity, such as computer crimes. There are different types of computer crimes that many people become victims of every day. Computer crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target ("Computer Crime: Chapter 2: What Are the Crimes?", n.d.). Crimes such as data diddling, pump and dump, social engineering and spoofing are computer crimes. Even though these crimes are difficult by privacy issues, the new technology has made investigations and prosecutions well organized and effective. Though views are different on the pros and cons of specific technological changes in the criminal justice system, there is an agreement the system has changed affectedly ("Effects of Technology in Criminal Justice | eHow", n.d.).
With the numbers of people using social media, marketers are quickly coming to understand how it can be an important and effective tool to create a positive influence and relationships with consumers, customers, and other businesses. Consumers will use social media to learn about new goods and services, conduct research, and share information in order to make a choice. Sites such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter are among those that consumers commonly rely on to learn about new goods and services. Blogs and social networking sites are useful to conduct research and study a topic in depth, which can carry a lot of weight in making a purchasing decision. By studying these consumers and the modes of social media they use, businesses are able to gather data. Marketers can then use this data to develop social media marketing campaigns.
Social media has become an important tool for like-minded individuals because it’s changed the way we learn, communicate and even the way companies interact with customers. Although people learn new information every day, the average person forgets about 80% of what they have learned all together in a given sitting. While social media may have ruined a bit of face-to-face interaction, conversing over an internet site has become the new standard of communication today. Brands who communicate with their target market are likely going to make more capital because positive responses to the customer, trigger a sense of being wanted and customers love that feeling more than anything in the world.
Chi (2011) defines social media marketing as a “connection between brands and consumers, [while] offering a personal channel and currency for user centered networking and social interaction.” The tools and approaches for communicating with customers have changed greatly with the emergence of social media; therefore, businesses must learn how to use social media in a way
This review will address studies on how social media and online advertising to attract new customer in a business environment. The CEO, Ms Louisa Gradgrind is the one who has commissioned this review. The aim of this review is to make people realize on how social media and online advertising play important role in business environment in order to attract new customers. This review was conducted by Heidy Mulyani, in the period from April 2014 to May 2014. The publication date range of text cited is between 2004 to 2014. The information in this review was found by researching library database, Google Scholar, books and journal articles.
“Social media is the democratization of information, transforming people from content readers into content publishers” (Evans, 2012). “Social media has existed since the 1990s; however, only in the last several years has it made substantial gains in popularity worldwide” (Campbell, 2013). Social media can have a very big impact on the reputation of a company. Because we are living in an age of information, people could be easy to get some important information from social media. These services contained features such as chat programs, games, mail, and instant messaging. Every day, people use social media for work, shopping or fun. So, if a company wants a successful marketing strategy, it must make good use of the Internet. Although some people
Social media is a very well proven marketing platform and 75% of people have said that they have been influenced to buy a product because of it (Benefits of Social Media).The above graph shows how social media advertisements have been more effective than any other method. Research has shown that 88% of businesses use social media as a form of advertisement (Whiting par. 1). Since companies do not have to pay to post advertising on social media, they can reduce the cost of advertising. This also gets an effective advertisement quickly to their potential clients. Another way social media can help business is by connecting with their customers. One example of this being done was by a fast food company called Wendy’s (Jackson 1). They would post comments to promote their restaurants on platforms like twitter. This provides the company with a faster communication system to their customers, builds brand recognition, and builds brand
toward the road and I first come across a basketball court. To the left of the
While comparing prices of different types of sheds, we found that plastic storage sheds were less expensive than most metal sheds of similar sizes. The heavy molded plastic made these sheds stronger and more durable, which is what we were looking for. The shed was the perfect solution for a yard gone wild with scattered tools, toys and lawn chairs. We love to spend time outside playing with the kids or cooking out, but things tended to stay wherever they landed when we went back inside the house. It is easier now that we have a nice place to put everything, and I no longer fear looking out the back door after a day of play.