The essential points of the green-frosting are the concentration and absorbance value in each diluted which the process of serial dilution. The standard curve of Blue#1 and yellow #5 provide the equation of the trend-line in order to calculate the concentration in the diluted solution of the green frosting. The mole of dye in 100mL green stock solution, mole of dye in 5 gram and 1 gram of frosting, the Beer –Lambert Law, and the compare to amount desired by the company can be determined. The Beer-Lambert Law is the relationship between color and the concentration and equation A=Ebc. The “A” is absorbance, the “C” is a concentration in molarity, the “E” is a molar absorptivity and “b” is the path-length. The goal of the lab is to use the absorbance and the Beer-Lambert law to determine the amounts of blue#1 and yellow #5 in the green frosting.
Procedure and Data statement
The complete experimental procedure is available in the General Chemistry Laboratory Manual for CSU Bakersfield, CHEM 213, pages 20-22, 24-25. Experimental data are recorded on the attached data pages.
Discussion
The amount of blue#1 and yellow #5 are 6.432e-7 and 9.602e-8 in units of moles dye per gram frosting. The standard amounts of blue#1 and yellow#5 desired by the company are 1.0e-5 and 5.0e-6 in units of
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moles dye per gram frosting. The blue#1 amount is lower than the desire amount of company by 9.357e-6 in units of moles dye by gram frosting. The amount of yellow#5 is also lower than the company desire amount by 4.904e-6 mol/g. The company should increase the amount of blue#1 and yellow #5 to match the data. In the blue#1 standard curve, the concentration range covered by the linear portion of the curve from 1.1e-6 M to 1.8e-5 M. The analyzed blue#1wavelength was determined to 635nm because the Micro lab equipment is restricted in the wavelength. The R2 value of the graph is 0.9972, and evaluate the level of data accuracy it indicates acceptable. One data point excluded from the standard curve because the Micro lab cannot determine the first absorbance value correctly, not in the linear curve and absorbance range. The first absorbance data point was 2.000, it is not included in the range of concentration. In the yellow#5 standard curve, the concentration range covered by the linear portion of the curve from 2.7e-7 M to 5.4e-5 M.
The analyzed yellow#5 wavelength was determined to 395nm because the actual wavelength 427nm was restricted in the Micro lab. The R2 value of the graph is 0.9827, and the level of data accuracy it indicated extremely weak data correlation. The first one dilution data points excluded from the standard curve because the point is not in the linear curve. The first concentration and absorbance value are the highest point in the graph that cannot connect as linear with another data point. After removing the first data point, the standard curve is clear and make
sense. In the lab, some stock solution does not exactly match at the line of 100ml volumetric flask, it might affect the accuracy concentration and absorbance. Other potential sources of error are the pipet did not clean it up which still contains some of the previous solution to affect the next round of solution concentration. The standard curve might be wrong too, because some of the data points should not plug in the curve. Conclusion The amount of blue#1and the yellow#5 were 6.432e-7 and 9.602e-8 in units of moles dye per gram frosting that indicated both the food-grade dyes are too lower than the desire amount of manufacturing company. Reference 1. General Chemistry Laboratory Manual for CSU Bakersfield, CHEM 213, 1st ed. Buschhaus, M. 2013.
Absorbance was defined as: log I_o/I where I_o is incident light and I is the transmitted light. Fluorescence emission spectrum is different from fluorescence excitation spectrum because it records different wavelengths of chemical s...
Experimental: The experimental procedure outlined in the OU Physical Chemistry Laboratory Manual was followed without any deviations.
The purpose of this experiment was to see how much the time spent baking in an oven would effect a cupcake. More specifically, how much it effects the rise. Also I wanted to see if I could find the perfect bake time where they tasted the best in my opinion. I was able to do that quite easily, with only a few problems.
PURPOSE: The purpose of the experiment is to determine the specific types of pigments found in water-soluble marker pens by using paper chromatography and water as a solvent.
David and John Free. (26 Nov 2006). MadSci Network: Chemistry. Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-02/1171045656.Ch.r.html
Refer to Chemistry Lab # 2 – Investigating Changes. No changes have been made in this experiment. Methods = == ==
Both Lavender and Scarlet get a devil’s food cake with pink frosting on their birthday in the book Switched at Birthday. This cake seems to appear many times during the book, and is clearly inserted by the author, Natalie Standiford, for a reason. At first glance, this could be overlooked as just a coincidence, but a further glance shows that the pink devil’s food cake is actually there to symbolize Scarlet’s and Lavender’s personalities.
Frostbite is a form of skin damage that comes as a result of prolonged exposure to the cold and/or extreme cold winds. Frostbite generally occurs in the extremities with the hands and feet accounting for 90% of frostbite injuries and the nose, cheeks, ears and lips accounting for the other 10% [8]. Frostbite initiates once the skin reaches 0oC [4] so those in sub 0 environments are most at risk. Susceptibility to frostbite increases in people without optimal circulation such as those with diabetes, autoimmune vascular disorders or atherosclerosis obliterans [6]. The elderly and very young are also at greater risk of frostbite because their bodies do not regulate temperature as effectively and have higher surface area–to-body–mass
The dark ink gets its shading from a mixture of different colored inks mixed together. The primary shade of ink to show up on the hydrogen peroxide mobile phase channel paper was trailed by pink, orange, yellow, violet then blue. However, in ethanol mobile phase channel paper was trailed by blue and pink. These two color only clearly visibled. The colors isolated the way did as a result of the distinctions in their atomic qualities, particularly, their solvency in hydrogen peroxide, ethanol and their rate of ingestion by the paper. The most solvent and promptly ingested ink shading was the blue. The slightest dissolvable and minimum absorbable ink shading was the pink. In hydrogen peroxide mobile phase distance migrated by solvent front is 9.9cm. In ethanol mobile phase distance migrated by solvent front is
Schreuder, Jolanda A. H.; Roelen, Corné A. M.; van Zweeden, Nely F.; Jongsma, Dianne; van der Klink, Jac J. L.; Groothoff, Johan W.
Each student will then taste the PTC strip and record their tolerance or level of bitterness on a scoring card. Based on how the student perceives the level of bitterness of the PTC paper, the result will indicate whether the student is a non-taster or taster for PTC. Polls will be taken for the number of non-tasters and for PTC tasters students. After the poll is taken, students will be given sour patch soft candy (1 piece) to taste and poll will be taken for this portion. The students will indicate their taste of bitterness levels after tasting the candy. Even though the sour patch candy is sour and slight sweet in the aftertaste, the level of bitterness will be asked to be marked from 0-5 based on bitterness detection of the candy. Next students will be provided will be a piece of tasteless paper, this serves to be a control to cleanse out some portion of the taste of the sour patch candy. At this point, the sourness and sweetness of the candy can influence and serves as masking agent. After tasting the white tasteless paper, the experiment resumes by the tasting of the dark chocolate (90% cocoa) given. Students will mark their scorecard for the ranges from 0 to being unable to detect any bitterness or up to 5, highest in bitterness. All scorecard will be collected from 23 student participants and data analysis will be reported in tables and charts as
Plontke, R. (2003, March 13). Chemnitz UT. TU Chemnitz: - Technische Universität Chemnitz. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/en/
In chemistry, Colorimetry is used a lot. They use it for things such as colour painting, food manufacturing, and textiles. Colorimetry can also be used to measure light. The amount of light absorbed is called and also is measured as the absorbance which is a use of the coloured solute concentration. To use a colorimeter, different kinds of solutions have to be made, this includes a regulator or orientation of identified concentration.
...linder. We let it dry and then we repeated the application of the extract on the pencil line up to four times. Make sure the band of pigments are really dark. The following steps were performed in a hood. Following the previous step, we placed the pigment extract to chromatographic paper that was in a cylinder. The cylinder then will be placed in a jar with petroleum ether and acetone. Let the chromatography advance 3 cm over the cylinder. Lastly, the cylinder was taken out from the jar. When analyzing the paper chromatography, golden yellow represented carotene, pale yellow represented xanthophyll, green grass represented chlorophyll a, and yellow- green represented chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll b was all the way at the bottom of the paper making it the most polar and the least soluble in the solvent. Carotene was the most nonpolar and the most soluble in the solvent.
The production and processing technology of high-quality pigments must be studied more extensively. When the mixing ratio of the red pigment (P/C) RA was changed from 3% to 12%, the flow of the red mortar decreased by 8 mm to 39 mm, respectively, and when the red pigment RZ was used, the flow of the red mortar RZ decreased by 11 mm to 40 mm compared with the standard flow of 210 mm. If the pigment mixing ratio exceeded 9%, flow value decreased to 26 – 58 mm from the standard flow. Accordingly, the acceptable mixing ratio of the red pigment must be below 9% to obtain fluidity over a flow of 180 mm, considering its workability at the site. When the yellow pigment was mixed with the cement mortar, the pigment decreased the fluidity of the mortar because it contained needle-shaped particles. If the mixing ratio of the yellow pigment exceeded 6%, the flow of the yellow mortar may decrease to 180 mm, as well as the fluidity of the mortar, adversely affecting workability. In this regard, the proper mixing ratio should be below 6%. In the case where the green or black pigment BZ was mixed with the cement mortar, a flow decrease as the result of mixing of the pigments does not need to be considered because there was almost no