Determining how the salt levels change as you get further away from the Great Salt Lake
*I did get permission to get samples from the Great Salt Lake. I only got 4 ounces of each 5 samples. So, I only took 20 ounces total
Background of the Great Salt Lake
The great Salt Lake has about 4.5 to 4.9 billion tons. The reason why the Great Salt Lake is so salty is because it doesn’t have an outlet attach to it. Since it as so much salt, it cannot support fish and most of the aquatic specie, but there are several types of algae that live in the lake. Also brine shrimp and brine flies can survive because they can tolerate the high contents of salt. So much of the lake has shrink. There are some spots on the shoreline where it shrinks about 15 miles.
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I ended up starting at 6.4 and use all of it up to 49.0. To make silver nitrate, we used (0.5 mol) *(.250 dm squared) which equals .125, then times .125 by the molar mass which is 169.82 to get 21.2275 grams. From that point, we were able to make the solution of silver nitrate.
Processed data
In this titration, potassium chromate was used for the indicator. There were 3 drops of indicator each time a titration was done. The potassium chromate was made by (250 mL) *(0.1 dm squared) which equals 0.0050, then times 0.0050 by the molar mass which is 194.19 grams. But we doubled it since we change to 100 mL which made it equal 1.942 grams. Sample number Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3
1 2.7 3.2 2.3
2 2.3 2.6 2.9
3 2.8 3.0 3.0
4 2.4 2.0 2.0
5 1.6 0.8
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From the data table, we can see that the closer the number to zero means it has least amount of salt because it took less silver nitrate for the titration to end. Sample 3 had the most salt which was 30 feet from the Great Salt Lake. Sample 1 and 2 were the next two that had a lot of salt. Sample 5 which was the last sample and in the grass area had the least amount of salt.
Conclusion
With all of the data that I have you can clearly see that as you go out further out from the Great Salt Lake the salt levels decreased due to the different sediments in the samples as you get further along. The Great Salt Lake is one of the saltiest lakes because the lower the lake level, the saltier the lake gets. The Great Salt is getting lower and lower each year which is causing more salt in it because there isn’t enough water for the salt to dissolve. There are strengths and weakness of this experiment. One of the strengths of this experiment is that it is a great environment idea that help with the future of the Great Salt Lake. But a weakness of this experiment is that there could have been more data involved. Maybe time someone could get water samples as well, or they could try multiple locations of the Great Salt Lake rather than just one location like I did. An methodological issue could have been by filtering the samples a different
On Wednesday, February 15th, I was able to have the opportunity to listen to Andrew Lipman. Andrew Lipman is the author of The Saltwater Frontier: Indians and the Contest for the American Coast. In the novel, he explained the life of Native Americans living in New England and on the coast of Long Island. During this time, most individuals relied on trading natural resources. In order for profit for the resources, the colonists and Native Americans used wampum. Wampum was used as a sacred gift in Native American culture as a peace offering, funerals and marriages. Colonialists had an advantage towards using wampum. They used beads as a commodity for furs. Native Americans relied on canoes for transportation. Canoes can hold up to fifty people.
[8.3] In what ways do you think your results would have been different if you had sampled at a different height on the rock?
Up until the early 1900’s, the Salt River flowed without any control or restraints. However, it was a burden for travelers on the trail leading from Prescott to Tucson. In 1911 the Roosevelt Dam was built upstream from Tempe and the flow was reduced until in the late 1930’s when the river ceased to flow altogether. Many people have often wondered what it would be like if the riverbed would once again be filled with water.
The Salton Basin , a below-sea-level depression which extends on the north from Palm Springs , California, to the Gulf of California , in the south. The Salton Sea has undergone historic cycles of filling with water and later drying up. The most recent predecessor to the Sea, that being Lake Cahuilla , last filled this area between 300 to 500 years ago and at one time had a surface elevation above sea level. In 1905 the flooding of the Colorado River was accidentally diverted into the Salton though and thus the Salton Sea was born. When the Colorado River floods retreated in 1907, the surface elevation of the Salton Sea slowly began to drop until the 1930�s when agricultural drainage from the Imperial and Coachella Valleys sustained its level. Soon after , this Sea was turned into a state recreation area, wildlife refuge and a sport fishery. To this day, agricultural drainage and run-off is the major source of water inflow to the Salton Sea.
Chemical-laced dust kicked up from its rapidly receding shoreline contributes to an asthma rate for local children three times higher than the state average. In the recent years because Salton Sea started shrinking and evaporating rapidly that will soon represent even e bigger health problem in Riverside county, Imperial Valley and even Los Angeles. It is predicted that the shoreline will recede by up to several miles, leaving at least 21,120 acres of sediments to the mercy of hot, dry winds. Salton Sea mud contains enough arsenic and selenium to qualify for disposal in a dump reserved for the most toxic of society's trash. Chromium, zinc, lead and pesticides, including DDT, are also in the lake bottom. The Salton Sea, the largest lake in California, encompasses about 380 square miles. It rests in one of the driest places in the nation. Gale-force winds are not
The purpose of the lab is to determine the effectiveness of using gravimetric analysis in determining the hardness of a water sample. More specifically, this lab tests for the amount of dissolved substances such as magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. The amount of these substances dissolved in water determines water hardness as they contribute cations to water which result in a buildup of scum or solid CaCO3 as a precipitate. All water tends to have a different hardness as it is determined by the geography area of the water as different regions contain different substances that can dissolve into water.
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
Salinity is major a biotic factor that reduce growth and yield below optimum level. Salinity is the global issue that results in osmotic stress and reduction in plant growth. In Pakistan, out of 20 million hectares of agriculture land 6.67 million hectares are salt affected. More than 800 million hectares of land throughout the world are salt affected which is over than 6% of total land area in the whole world, therefore it is a serious issue.
Salt water intrusion, or encroachment, is defined by Freeze and Cherry (1979) as the migration of salt water into fresh water aquifers under the influence of groundwater development. Salt water intrusion becomes a problem in coastal areas where fresh water aquifers are hydraulically connected with seawater. When large amounts of fresh water are withdrawn from these aquifers, hydraulic gradients encourage the flow of seawater toward the pumped well or wells. Salt water intrusion is a problem that affects coastal areas around the world. Groundwater Problems in Coastal Areas (Custodio, 1987) is an excellent reference for more information on global salt water intrusion problems, while Atkinson (1986) details salt water intrusion problems for the coastal areas of the United States.
Displacement of groundwater contained in deeper aquifers. The upward movement of groundwater containing a high salt content from deep confined aquifers to more shallow aquifers can cause the increase in salinity.
The abnormal salinity concentration is caused by high evaporation, lack of significant tributaries and limited connection with the Indian Ocean, which has lower water salinity.
Salt is a flavour enhancer. When salt is missing from food, all the other flavours turn dull and bland, and as my kids rightly remarked, the food tastes disgusting. We are called the salt of the earth because we are people that influence, we set a high standard of living and morality. We are flavour enhancers of this world, without us the world is bland and tasteless. We accentuate that by living our lives as God intends us, thereby we influence others to walk in the path of righteousness, by living justly, loving tenderly and walking humbly with our God. When we live our lives like this, it is evidence of God working in us, which invites others to taste and see that the Lord is good.
One theory states that the sea is salt because of the “mid-Ocean” rift. Fresh basalt flows up through the rift along with “juvenile water; water that is made up of many of the components of sea water including chlorine, bromine, iodine, and many other molecules. Also some salts get into the ocean through volcanoes and even fresh water rivers carries salt into the sea. The sea is composed of many other things. Scientist over the years has conducted many experiments to prove not only of what the sea is made have but also many other things. In 1715 a scientist named Edmund Halley had a theory to prove the age of the ocean by the rate of salt that is transported through the rivers. In 1889 a scientist by the name of John Joly decided to test this theory and found out the sea is approximately ninety million years old. Also another scientist by the name of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier conducted the first analysis of seawater two hundred years ago. Another concept developed by John Murray in the nineteenth century states that the weight is never determined but instead the total amount of chloride ion is carefully measured and a total for all other ions is computed by applying the constancy of relative proportions. Also A.M. Marcet, Johann Forchammer, and Wilhelm Dittmar have researched this theory. Now in the last forty years geochemist have really began looking into the chemistry of the ocean. Not only can the chemistry tell us what the sea is made have but also a history of the sea. For example the salinity of the sea has not really change in its history. The reason the sea’s salinity has not changed is because of its strong buffering zones. Today’s scientist has also begun to look at rain as it reaches the sea.
5. The average amount of salt in one litre salt water is 35 grams. If the freezing point if salt water decreases the amount of salt ink the water increases. (To be continued)
The question that was proposed for investigation was: Can the exact concentration of 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution be determined by titration (Lab Guide pg. 141)?