Salinity And Plant Essay

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Effects of salinity on plants
Definition:
Salinity is the state of high salt concentration or it can be define as the presence of minerals at high levels in water and soil. For example, there are some cations: Na, K, Mg, Ca and anions: NO3, HCO3, SO4, Cl, which accumulates in soil at high concentration and cause salinity in that soil.
Introduction:
Salinity is major a biotic factor that reduce growth and yield below optimum level. Salinity is the global issue that results in osmotic stress and reduction in plant growth. In Pakistan, out of 20 million hectares of agriculture land 6.67 million hectares are salt affected. More than 800 million hectares of land throughout the world are salt affected which is over than 6% of total land area in the whole world, therefore it is a serious issue.
Figure 1: Percentage of land affected by salinity http//www.intechpen.com …show more content…

Its pH is less than 8.5. Saline .soil is covered with white incursion therefore it is called white alkali .It contains sulphates and chlorides of sodium, potassium and magnesium.

Figure 2: Saline Soil as white alkali http://permaculturenews.org

Effects of High Salinity on plants:
High concentration of salts dissolved in soil water is harmful to plants. Soil salinity affects plants mainly in three ways:
1. Physiological affects
2. Ion toxicity
3. Nutrients imbalance
Physiological Effects:
Salinity stress cause changes in various physiological and metabolic processes which just depend on severity and duration of the stress. Salinity effects physiological and biochemical processes including plant growth, seed germination, water uptake, vegetative growth, reproductive development and yield.
1. Effect on

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