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The mega marketing of depression in japan pdf
The mega marketing of depression in japan pdf
Marketing in healthcare organizations
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In Western society, depression is defined as a downcast mood or a loss of pleasure in previously interested activities. In Japan, however, depression is understood as a mental disorder and often a fatal state of sorrow. People in China describe depression as physical pain, while American Indians describe it as an overwhelming sense of loneliness. A prestigious writer who has published work in the New York Times Magazine, and Wired, among others, Ethan Watters wrote a great piece about the controversial issue of Depression and how it is viewed differently in his piece called The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan. His piece, in my interpretation, concluded that depression is perceived distinctly among different cultures based on the societal
A pharmaceutical company called GlaxoSmithKline was trying to market their antidepressant medication in Japan when there was no interest at the time. However, through a shrewd effort of creating a need for such a substance through what is known as mega marketing, GlaxoSmithKline was able to alter that. What it did first was, it helped reshape the definition of depression in Japan from Utsubyo to Kokoro no Kaze which means a cold of the soul (Watters, 524). This change in terminology reduced the stigma behind having this illness since it was viewed as a cold, which most people contract at some point in their lives. Furthermore, GlaxosmithKline created advertisements promoting the use of their medication and helped to establish news articles that touched upon the serious nature of depression. Not only that, but GlaxoSmithKline helped to translate American books about depression into Japanese in order to continue their mega marketing campaign. Incredulously, the average viewer would not have known how much behind the scenes work GlaxoSmithKline was doing. There was even an advocacy group for depression funded by GlaxoSmithKline (Watters, 525). Not only was the media influenced by GlaxoSmithKline but so was the medical professionals in Japan. So much so that Kalman Applbaum, an anthropologist who gave advice to
And, in turn, its view on health care related issues of depression. Depression can be redefined, however, it is a hard task to accomplish since there are many variables involved in a culture’s view of depression but, it can be cultivated like in Japan. And, even if depression is reinvented, it still has to be developed through an understanding of the culture one is altering. As a result, that culture still has its own unique take on the amended issue, similar to a musician who is influenced by other musicians but still has his/her own unique interpretation and expression of his/her
Subsequently, Begley, as well as Jerome Wakefeild, Eric Wilson, Ed Diener and Allan Horwitz presents vital information explaining the way Americans view unhappiness, the authors then go on to elaborate on why there is no reason to reject your natural feelings. The articles go in depth as to why the actions against morose feelings is in vain, as these glum feelings are innate to everyone. Begley
As an expat child having gown up and lived across three continents-politely labelled as a third culture kid, but in reality not belonging to any one culture-I doubt if my own parents would understand me let alone a doctor in another country. My mother suffers from trichotillomania and on visiting a psychiatrist in a foreign country, he mentioned not seeing this disease often in his country: he had made her feel at once both alienated and awkward, and not likely to trust his diagnosis or his treatment. I have seen her throwing her medication away- Pharmacotherapy cannot work without psychotherapy-and the demands of psychotherapy seem to be only increasing when you add a complex cultural element to it. Gold and his brother argue that both biological and social factors contribute to psychosis. In the field of psychiatric and behavioural sciences this would call for physicians skilled in appreciating all sorts of cultures and environments and while this may seem a tall order, a first step towards a solution would lie in acknowledging the role and importance of such external stimuli. Doctors cannot know it all but at least when they give a label it will be real. In a field where labels tend to stick and where the social stigma attached to mental illness is still considerable, it is worth while for doctors to make more informed diagnoses. Diagnoses that we can
Kleinman, A. 1980. Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: An Exploration of the Borderland between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry. University of California Press.
According to Kirmayer, “...every culture has a type of experience that is in some ways parallel to the Western conception of depression…” (Watters 517). He proves this by explaining how a Nigerian man “might experience a peppery feeling in his head” (Smith 517) or how symptoms of depression in an American Indian project as feelings of loneliness. Depending on the location of the country and the language used to describe distress, symptoms of depression varies from region to region. He described this as “explanatory models” that “created the culturally expected experience of the disease in the mind of the sufferer” (Watters 518). In other words, the cause of depression is different for every country and thus each person experiences and describes depression in a way that matches their culture and environment. American researchers and clinicians often overlook culturally distinct symptoms because Americans classify depression in terms that might contradict the standards of other
The dominant biomedical model of health does not take into consideration lay perspectives (SITE BOOK). Lay perspectives go into detail about ordinary people’s common sense and personal experiences. A cultural perspective, like the Hmong cultures perspective on health, is considered a lay perspective. Unlike the Hmong culture, where illness is viewed as the imbalance between the soul and the body, the dominant biomedical model of health views health in terms of pathology and disease (SITE THE BOOK). Although the Hmong culture considers spiritual and environmental factors, the dominant biomedical model of health only looks at health through a biological perspective, and neglects the environment and psychological factors that affect health. Depression in the U.S. is a medical illness caused by neurochemical or hormonal imbalance and certain styles of thinking. Depression is the result of unfortunate experiences that the brain has difficulties processing (SITE 7). Unlike the Hmong culture, where Hmong’s who are diagnosed with depression report the interaction between a spirit, people diagnosed with depression in the Western culture report themselves to having symptoms such as feeling tired, miserable and suicidal (SITE
Measuring depression in different culture is a complicated task, “there is a need for tools for multicultural mental health primary in order to promote communication and improve clinical diagnosis” (Lehti et al, 2009). This results indicated that there is still a need for a tool to accurately measure depression in patients from different countries/cultures. Each culture is unique in its very own, and certain abnormal behavior can only be found in certain culture. For instance, in western society we have the histrionic personality disorder, in which an individual desperately seek out attention, while in Japan, there is a phenomenon called “hikikomori” is an abnormal behavior where a person would go great length to avoid any social contract at any means. This abnormal behavior is similar to the avoidant personality disorder, however hikikomori is more severe. “Hikikomori is used to refer to group of young people who have withdrawn from social life and have had no relationships outside of family for a period in excess of six months.” (Furlong, 2008). The long period of time to be withdrawn from society is quite serious and will have many psychological damage. Another factor that is important when looking at abnormal behavior is the gender. The gender of an individual have play an important role in shaping the diagnosis and the diagnostic feature of these symptoms.
At the beginning of the article a brief history of ketamine is given, describing its use as a anaesthetic during the Vietnam war in the 1960s, its use in veterinary medicine as a horse tranquiliser and its revolution as a drug of abuse in the dance scene in the 1990s. The article also mentions the side effects heavy users have experienced from using ketamine, mainly increased bladder and kidney damage. Furthermore, after a review by the Government’s Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, concerns have increased about this side effect, as patients have become very unwell needing a total bladder removal. Laurance mentions Robert Dunman, who describes ketamine as the “biggest breakthrough in depression research”. Professor Duman studied the effects of ketamine, which are meant to be triggering the release of glutamate, increasing and restoring the function of neuron synapses, which are reduced in patients with chronic depression. The article states that ketamine has shown to be able to increase mood levels with a single dose and effects lasting up to 10 days. Due to this Laurance sanctions ketamine’s potential use as a treatment for depression, mentioning that a third of patients with depression are not improving from current treatments available for depressio...
... the body feels as the result of any number of reasons. Spreading more information to the public to raise awareness of the detrimental effects of antidepressants is the only way to combat the ongoing problem.
Depression is considered a mental disorder that can lead an individual to commit suicide, experiment fatal risk that can injure his or her life. Furthermore, an individual feeling depressed lacks motivation to do anything progressive with his or her life. With that said, these individuals sometime gives up interest in activities that were once enjoyable, gets in a phase were he or she loses appetite, begins to overeat, loses concentration on what he or she is trying to complete, and becomes indecisiveness. Moreover, depression is a condition that makes an individual feel miserable, have no motivation to any activity that can influence his or her views, actions, welfare. Furthermore, depressed individuals at times may feel sad, apprehensive, desperate, destitute, useless, awkward, short-tempered, and agitated. In addition, the melancholy of depression is categorized by a greater concentration and length that is attached to severe symptoms. According to Wedding & Corsini (2014) states, “Physical disease, severe and acute stress, and chronic stress area also precipitating factors” (Pp. 240) of an individu...
As Descartes argued, the mind and the body are the base of our existence, and many different cultures view different illnesses positively or negatively. Certain cultures, like the Hmong, believe that epilepsy is a good spiritual thing, but others, such as Western culture, believe that it is medically bad because it could cause death. Many illnesses can be viewed both negatively and positively, some more than others. However, one such illness that is mostly viewed negatively is depression. It is viewed negatively in a symptomatic sense – the symptoms are useless – and in a diagnostic sense – those diagnosed with depression are not actually depressed and the illness itself does not exist; it is simply an excuse to be lazy. There are many different approaches to depression and most of them consider that this illness is negative; however, depression is actually an evolutionary tactic subconsciously employed by humans that can have very positive effects.
Clinical depression is very common. Over nine million Americans are diagnosed with clinical depression at some point in their lives. Many more people suffer from clinical depression because they do not seek treatment. They may feel that depression is a personal weakness, or try to cope with their symptoms alone. On the other hand, some people are comfortable with admitting their symptoms and seeking help. Such a discrepancy may account for the differences in reported cases of depression between men and women, which indicate that more than twice the numbers of women than men are clinically depressed. According to the numbers of reported cases of depression, 25% of women and 10% of men will have one or more episodes of clinical depression during their lifetimes.
Depression is an illness within itself that affects the “whole body”. (Staywell,1998) The body, feelings, thoughts, and behavior are all immensely altered when someone is depressed. It is not a sign of personal weakness, or a condition that can be wished or willed away. For some people depression is just temporary, but for others it can last for weeks, months and even years.
Cassano, P. Fava, M. (2002). Depression and public health: an overview. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 849–857. Retrieved from http://www.psychology.com/resources/depression.php
Depression can affect anyone, being rich, poor, young, old, race, or religion (D-1). Because depression is a medical condition dealing with the functioning of brain chemicals and emotion, that make any person susceptible. Common causes for depression include death, romance divorce, or moving (D-2). Pain is caused from a displeasure from something that is important to the person suffering. Divorce rates are rising, making it no surprise that people are suffering due to a relationship problem. Being overweight can be a degrading trait, especially to teens and young adults because of them importance of appearance (D-3). Obesity in America is becoming more prevalent, therefore making the chance of depression and suicide much higher for many more pe...
There are many people in the world who are struggling with the disease depression. Depression is the state in which a person feels very sad, hopeless and unimportant. The thing about depression is that it affects both genders and any ages. Depression is something that deserves full attention. For many reasons doctors believe that when a person has depression, they have to start taking medication for it as if medications help. People are becoming more dependent on antidepressants when there are other techniques for dealing with depression.