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Moral issue with gene therapy
Conclussion on gene therapy with ethical issues
Moral issue with gene therapy
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therapy is when the new genes are transferred into the somatic cells of a patient. Any effects of the therapy will be restricted to the patient and will not be inherited. Somatic gene therapy is commonly used to treat a disease in an individual, is either integrated in the genome or as an external episome or plasmid.
Germline gene therapy is when germ cells (sperm or eggs) are modified by introducing new functioning genes, which are then integrated into to their genomes. The germ cells will then combine to form a zygote which will divide to produce all the other cells in an organism and therefore if a germ cell is genetically modified then all the cells in the organism will contain the modified gene. This would allow the organism to have no
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Ultimately it could improve peoples lifestyles and wellbeing improving personal and families lives.
Social and Political Impacts 2
Thursday, 4 September 2014
Because Gene Doping could give athletes and unfair advantage there is a lot of controversy surrounding the subject. Some of the arguments given are that genetic technology could make doping safer therefore making it more ethical. Some scholars believe “That if anything, gene doping will level the playing field if all athletes receive equal access: this will ensure that all athletes compete solely on how well they are performing relative to their maximum potential. (Kayser, Mauron and Miah, 2007)On the other side of the argument, scientists and medics agree “ that any application of a therapeutic intervention for non-therapeutic or enhancing purposes compromises the ethical foundation of medicine and the spirit of sport.” (Kayser, Mauron and Miah,
2007)Currently there are some regulatory bodies which govern the use of gene therapy but there is currently no legislation on gene doping.
Is Management Necessary?
Currently there is no legislation or regulatory bodies for gene doping but as gene
Butryn believes, the challenge that is issued is whether an athlete 's ability has a dramatic change in his performance due to technology. I believe that technology should not give an athlete more ability than a regular athlete because at that point it becomes unfair to both competitors. Trivino states, “The sports practiced by athletes who have had organs or mechanical parts implanted and their desire to take part in regular athletic competitions puts sports authorities in an ethical and legal tight spot” (118). Trivino believes Authorities are put into an ethical and legal tight spot because there must be a line drawn. A line that clearly states what is and isn 't allowed to be able to take part in regular athletic competitions. I believe it becomes unfair and too much of an advantage for the athlete to use in competition. According to Trivino, “The cyberization of sport has occupied a role in medical and sport fields in recent years due to the fact that this issue calls into question the very foundations of contemporary sport,
Somatic cell gene therapy is where genes can be put into specific cells and areas of the body which are affected by the disease. All cellular DNA in our body is essentially the same because it was replicated from the same zygote (fertilized egg). Cel ls differentiate into their respective tissues depending upon which part of the total genome is used.
Differences and inequalities in relation to sport can be based on several elements such as race, gender, class, or disability. We will explain how different sort of evidences from DD102 support the claim made by Kath Woodward that 'Sport reflects and creates differences and inequalities' (Woodward, 2014, p. 73). This essay will look at how the Oscar Pistorius example demonstrates how rules are created in sport. The evidence will highlight differences between disable and body-able. Following that, we will consider barriers that prevent some social groups from participating in sport, namely people with disability and women. Then we will explore number based evidences supporting the claim that sport reflects and creates class differences and inequalities
Gene therapy is an experimental technique that allows doctors to insert a gene into a patient’s cell rather than using drugs or surgery. Gene therapy is a process of which defective or undesired genes in the body with “normal” genes. A vector is re-engineered to deliver the gene to a target cell. Then the gene is transferred to the cell’s nucleus and must be activated in order to function. The main focus of gene therapy is to replace a lost or improper gene with a new functional copy into a vector that is inserted into the subject’s genome by way of penetrating its DNA. Gene therapy can be done outside of the body known as ex vivo by way of taking cells form patients bone marrow or blood and then growing them in a laboratory. Thus the corrected copy of the gene is inserted into the cells before being put back into the body. Gene therapy can also be done in vivo which can be done directly to the patient’s body. The word gene therapy really defines the management of genetic information that is encased in the cells, however, in most recent procedures the available technology is closely related in adding new genetic information, and many researchers favor the term gene transfer rather than gene therapy to mirror the reason that the purpose of gene work cannot always be therapeutic.
Have you ever heard about racial discrimination and what is it? Racial discrimination is defined as the action of a persons who treat differently or who excludes another person just for his or her racial or ethnic origin. Racial discrimination continues to exist in the world and may never end with it. For example, in the documentary "Linsanity" Lin mentions that he was a victim of racial discrimination and that despite everything that happened, he was able to reach the American dream. Finally, from watching this documentary, I can strongly be argued that Discrimination is also present in sports, and that depends on what privileges you enjoy will be easier the way to reach what you want.
To conclude, although gene therapy can cure a wide variety of diseases which cannot be cured by traditional medicine, and patients can get permanent cure without rejections, it can be high-risk and immoral. The negative effects of gene therapy lead to the shrink of the number of volunteers, and many trials have been forced to cease. The Gene therapy's potential to revolutionize medicine in the future is exciting, and hopes are high for its role in curing and preventing childhood diseases.
In the past 40 years, scientists have developed and applied genetic engineering to alter the genetic make-up of organisms by manipulating their DNA. Scientists can use restriction enzymes to slice up a piece of DNA from an organism with the characteristics they want and spliced (joint) to a DNA from another organism. DNA that contains pieces from different species is called recombinant DNA, and it now has different genetic material from its original. When this DNA inserted back into the organism, it changes the organism’s trait. This technique is known as gene-splicing (Farndon 19).
You begin life as a single cell, formed when the sperm fertilises the egg. Out of all the sperm it only takes one sperm and one egg to fertilise at conception. This is called fertilization; which takes place in the Fallopian tube, the fertilized egg then divides
In this manner, it is clear that these athletes are taking strides towards equality by affecting the future of our society, youth. Though as a society we face many remaining obstacles in striving toward gender equality in sport, it is important to look at what has been accomplished, and also look to the future for what can still be done.
Since its inception, gene therapy has captured the attention of the public and ethics disciplines as a therapeutic application of human genetic engineering. The latter, in particular, has lead to concerns about germline modification and questions about the distinction between therapy and enhancement. The development of the gene therapy field and its progress to the clinic has not been without controversy. Although initially considered as a promising approach for treating the genetic of disease, the field has attracted disappointment for failing to fulfil its potential. With the resolution of many of the barriers that restricted the progress of gene therapy and increasing reports of clinical success, it is now generally recognised that earlier expectations may have been premature.
Gene therapy enables patients to survive incurable diseases. In the field of genetic diseases, ADA-SCID, CGD and hemophilia are three main ones. ADA-SCID is known as the bubble boy disease. CGD is related to immune system that would lead to fungal infections which are fatal. Patients with Hemophilia are not able to induce bold bleeding (Gene therapy for diseases, 2011). Gene therapy also has good effects on cancer treatment and neurodegenerative diseases, which include Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Viral infections, including influenza, HIV and hepatitis can also be treats by it (Gene therapy for diseases, 2011). According to the Science Daily in 2011, gene therapy now can apply to heart failures and neurologic diseases as well.
Turning sports into a way of life instead of a leisure activity has generated fierce competition for athletes to be the best at what they do. Having a "natural ability" no longer is enough. One must work long and hard hours to gain an edge on the competition. However, these days, even good training cannot guarantee a victory. For athletes and coaches the drive to be at the top is so great that they look for shortcuts to their end goal: winning. The one who wins is always the one who is remembered in the end; finishing second is worse than finishing last. When this type of attitude becomes predominant, it is not so surprising that they try any and all methods of cheating the system. In this way, doping has become a common practice for athletes to gain advantage on their competition. Is this a practice that we as the general public should accept, or is there something we can do to change the status quo?
Once the sperm fuses with the ovum both chromosomes will pair up and begin the first stages of cell division.
Position Paper: Gene Therapy in Humans. Advancements in science and medicine are usually accompanied by a myriad of ethical and moral implications. The fairly recent advancement in genetics, called gene therapy, is no exception to the baggage of polarizing views that come with new technology. Gene therapy is an extremely hot topic in both the scientific world and everyday life. New technology, discoveries, and breakthroughs are rapidly occurring in the field every day.
Now becoming readily available for a range of different applications, such as, future disease risk and ancestry exploration, genetic testing has also become popular in sports as many online genetic testing companies offer a variety of different sports performance tests. These tests range from single gene tests to multiple detailed tests on numerous sports performance genes. In a sports culture that has established a mindset for success as “winning is everything”, the pressure from society to use these genetic testing procedures in youth has brought a greater challenge to specialists across the world of sports (Brooks, Alison, and Beth A. Tarini. Mar. 2011.). This essay will analyse and bring forth arguments concerning this issue and whether