Abraham Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1908, to Jewish immigrants from Russia who had little to no education. He had a very sad and lonely childhood. His parents were verbally abusive towards him, calling him “ugly” and other degrading terms. Growing up hearing these things caused him to be very self conscious and have a negative image of himself. Maslow was the only Jewish boy in his neighborhood, so he could not really relate to any of the kids around him. He isolated himself from the other children and spent most of his recreational time in the library reading. There was no love in his household and he didn't have much a relationship with either of his parents. He used books in the library to escape his harsh reality.
He started
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college at the City College of New York to please his father, who wanted him to study law. He was very uninterested in law so he then transferred to Cornell University to study psychology. Maslow lost his love of psychology after a taking a dull introductory course. Then he transferred back to City College and then one last time to the University of Wisconsin, where he received his PhD. After he graduated, he taught psychology at the University of Wisconsin. He attended medical school for a short time and then moved to Columbia University where he worked with Edward L. Thorndike.In 1951 he moved to Brandeis to continue his teaching career until the end of his life. Maslow had a humanistic approach to psychology, primarily focusing on studying human behavior.
His school of thought was that everyone human has certain physical and psychological needs they need to have to survive. He published many articles about his studies on human behavior and sexuality. In these articles he also wrote about the theories of his many mentors. One of Maslow's mentors was Harry Harlow. Maslow observed Harlow's many experiments involving the social behavior of monkeys of all ages.The results of the experiments greatly influenced his own theories.His studies he did by himself were based on observing his peers, Max Wertheimer and Ruth Benedict, while teaching at Brooklyn College. He questioned them each day on how they were feeling emotionally and physically, and why they think they feel that way. His assessments and observations from both his experiment and Harlow's experiments formed the foundation for his theories on human potential and psychological well-being. As a result, he developed his most notable theory known as the hierarchy of needs; which was his theory on the basic needs of humans. The hierarchy of needs is broken up into five sections, biological and physiological (air, food, water, shelter, sex, sleep), safety (security, order, law, stability, freedom), love and belongingness (friendship, intimacy, affection and love) Esteem (achievement, independence, status, dominance, self-respect, respect from others), and self-actualization (realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth experiences). Maslow became one of the leaders of the humanistic school of psychology in the 1950s due to his fascinating observations and
theories. I chose to research Abraham Maslow because I wanted to know how the hierarchy of needs was created. I also was interested in his childhood knowing he was an introvert like myself. He probably was so interested in what was psychological needs were necessary for a human's well being because as a child he did not have all of his needs. I agree with his findings, however location, lifestyle, living condition, etc., will impact someone's basic needs.This theory does not apply to every single person in the world, but it is a basic guideline of what humans, in general, need. I can apply all of the aspects of Maslow’s findings to all of the stages in my life. I will always need water, food, shelter, affection, safety, respect, etc. On the other hand, I may require more or less of some of the things in the hierarchy due to age and location. I can also apply all or a majority of the aspects to everyone lives. The physical aspect will not change for anyone, the psychological aspects will change depending on your life. Abraham Maslow’s research valued the entire field of human psychology because it was a guideline that represented what a basic human needs. Although he did not go into studying people in different locations or lifestyles, the hierarchy of needs still covers some of everyone's basic needs. Now psychologists know what physical and psychological needs a human should have to have a well-rounded life. Everyone applies some of his findings everyday. We apply his findings in basic activities that we do daily like eating, drinking, and sleeping. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs will be relevant and applied for as long as the human race exists.
Maslow’s idea that people with high self-esteem have greater self-worth and self-confidence could be studied through an experiment. Have researchers bring in a subject, talk about all the positive aspects they possess, then give them a survey asking about how they feel. Have another subject come in and discuss all the negative aspects about them. Follow up with the same survey and compare results.
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
Abraham Maslow once stated in his theory "when the need of personality is broken, it creates personality disorder". He meant that, when we are in a situation where we completely lose hope and unable to accomplish certain needs to survive, it causes one 's to move up and down on the ladder of his theory. Maslow began his theory during his studies on monkeys. Being a behavior scientist, he knew that these monkeys had a similar reacting to certain situations that cause them to lack in certain needs they try to accomplish for their survival. But when they are motivated by something or someone else, it encourages them to fulfill the needs they 're lacking.
Abraham Harold Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was a humanistic psychologist and was best known for “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs” (Good Therapy, 2015). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes the following five levels in ascending order: physiological needs at the base, safety and security, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization at the apex of the pyramid. A person must meet their needs in each level before continuing up the pyramid. Those who reach self-actualization know who they want to become in terms of talents, skills, and abilities (Groff & Terhaar,
Psychologist Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs, outlining and suggesting what a person need to reach self-actualization and reveal the true potential of themselves. In the model, Maslow propose that a person has to meet basic needs in order to reach the true potential of themselves. Biological/physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging need, esteem needs according to Maslow is the fundamental frame for reaching the peak of self. The last need to be met on the scale
Unlike many of his colleagues at the time who were focusing on psychopathology, or what is wrong with individuals, he focused on how individuals are motivated to fulfill their potential and what needs govern their respective behaviors (McLeod)). Maslow developed the hierarchy over time, adjusting from a rigid structure where needs must be met before being able to achieve a higher level, to where the individuals can experience and behave in ways across the hierarchy multiple times daily depending on their needs. The hierarchy is comprised of 5 levels; Physiological, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization. The bottom two levels are considered basic needs, or deficiency needs because once the needs are met they cease to be a driving factor, unlike psychological needs. Loving and Belonging and Esteem needs are considered psychological needs, and are different from basic needs because they don’t stem from a lack of something, but rather the desire to grow. Maslow theorizes that individual’s decisions and behavior are determined based on their current level of needs, and the ideal level to achieve full potential culminates in self-actualization; however, operating on this level cannot be achieved until the preceding levels of needs have been
Foundational thought is concerned with the theories of knowledge that are based on a certain belief. In psychology, the fathers of psychology made a great contribution to the thoughts and knowledge they made and they are behind the knowledge of psychology in place. Many fathers of psychology have made a remarkable contribution to the subject although their arguments are facing criticism by modern psychologists.
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow developed a theory of basic human needs: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. His theory suggests that embedded in the very nature of each human being are certain needs that must be attained in order for a person to be whole physically, psychologically, and emotionally. First, there are phys...
From 1937 to 1951, Maslow was a instructor at Brooklyn College. Here He met Ruth Benedict and Max Werthiemer, whom he admired greatly. These two were so accomplished, and such wonderful human beings in his opinion, that he began taking notes on them and their behavior. This was the beginning of his lifelong research on mental health and human potential. He wrote a great deal about the subject, borrowing from other theorist but adding significantly to them, especially the concepts of a hierarchy of needs, metaneeds, self-actualizing persons, and peak experiences. Maslow became the leader of the humanistic school of psychology that emerged in the 1950’s and 1960’s.
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
He thought that there had to be more to humans than simply rewards, punishments, and subconscious urges according to behaviorists and psychoanalysts. Maslow introduced humanistic psychology as an area to focus on the potential of people to become all that they can be. Other psychologists helped develop different elements of humanistic psychology, but Maslow is largely considered to be the father of the humanist movement in psychology. He steadfastly believed that people are motivated to reach certain needs. When one need is accomplished, a person seeks to fulfill the next one, and so on. At the top of this hierarchy Maslow believed was the possibility of self-actualization; every person is capable and has the desire to move up the hierarchy toward a level of self-actualization. This was, however, seen as a rare achievement only reached by very few people since according to his theory; all lower-level needs had to be met before self-actualization could take place. Unfortunately, advancement is often disrupted by failure to meet the lower level needs. Life experiences may cause an individual to fluctuate between levels of the hierarchy. According to Maslow, only one in a hundred people achieve full self-actualization due to our society rewarding
Because of its foundations, therapy is based on an unconditional positive regard which is full support of the client by the therapist. Carl Rogers also added to this active listening and Fritz Perls added Gestalt therapy. Another important aspect of the humanistic perspective is the hierarchy of needs that has five levels. Developed by Abraham Maslow, an American psychology who believed self-actualization is needed to feel satisfied and comfortable, the hierarchy of needs states each level must be fulfilled in order to reach the next, starting with physiological needs and ending with self-actualization. This means self-actualization is unattainable by many.
Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well.
Abraham Maslow was a psychologist who was not satisfied with the way things had always been done and he did not like the way other psychologists viewed people. He believed that individuals have great potential and thought that there had to be more to humans than simply rewards, punishments, and subconscious urges. To Maslow, people were full of positive potential. He developed humanistic psychology, which focuses on the potential of people to become all that they can be. Other psychologists helped develop different elements in humanistic psychology, but Maslow is largely considered to be the father of the humanist movement in psychology. Weiten (2013) mentioned that Maslow argued that humans have an innate drive towards personal growth that is, evolution toward a higher state of being (p. 377). Maslow wanted to understand what motivates an individual, believing that individuals possess a motivational system unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to attain certain needs. When one need is fulfilled, an individual seeks to fulfill the next one. Maslow 's greatest
Similarly, Maslow's theory also reflects that humans have an internal force to reach their highest potential (Maslow, 1968). Maslow examined the hierarchy of basic human needs and developed a pyramid of requirements which motivates human beings and shapes their personality. At the bottom of his pyramid are found the basic physiological motivations which are necessary for survival such as food and shelter. The next level incorporates the need for safety, both physical and psychological. This is followed by love and belongingness which relate to receiving and giving affection. Presuming the love need is met, the next level up is the need for esteem which includes the feeling of self-esteem and self-respect. At the top of the pyramid stands the complex need for self-actualization which is a meta-need as per Maslow (1964) and we can reach it through peak experiences. It is the highest level of growth when someone reached her or his capacity to the fullest. Maslow estimated that only 1 percent of people ever really fulfil this need (Maslow,