Fluidized bed reactors Large volume of fluid could be processed using the fluidized-bed reactors. It is mainly utilized for catalytic cracking of petroleum napthas in petroleum refining technology. When the small solid particles are suspended in the upward direction, fluidization begins. Nowadays its importance is utilized in wastewater treatment too (Yen and Yu, 1966). When a gas or a liquid is passed at very low velocity up through a bed of solid particles the particles do not move and the ΔP is given by the Ergun equation. If the fluid velocity is steadily increased the ΔP and the drag on individual particles increase, and the particles start to move and become suspended in the fluid and the suspension behaves like a dense fluid. This Demerits Uneven contacting of gas and solid. Erosion of vessel internals. Attrition of solids. Because of attrition, the size of the solid particles is getting reduced, and possibilities for entrapment of solid particles with the fluid are more. (Trambouze and Euzen 2004). References Yen, C.T. and Yu, Y.H. (1966). Mechanics of fluidization. Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series, Vol. 62, pp. 100-111. Davidson, J. F., and D. L. Keairns, Fluidization. Proceedings of the Second Engineering Foundation Conference, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. Geldart, D. (1973) Types of gas fluidization, Powder Technology, Vol. 7, pp,
They just forgot to mention the other effects of fluids in nature. “The influence of the fluid on a body moving through it depends not only on the body’s velocity but also on the velocity of the fluid,” this is called relative velocity ( ). The relative velocity of a body in a fluid has an effect on the magnitude of the acting forces. For example, as a long distance runner is running into a head wind, the force of the fluid is very strong. If the runner is running with the help of a tail wind, the current’s force is reduced and may even be unnoticeable.
In classical fluid dynamics, the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids and its special (limiting) case the Euler equations for inviscid fluids are sets of non-linear partial differential equations that describes the spatiotemporal evolution of a fluid (gas). Both equations are derived from conservative principles and they model the behavior of some macroscopic variables namely: mass density, velocity and temperature.
10)Alexander H. Tullo (2007) Texas Hold Em, Chemical Engineering News. Volume 85 Issue 15 | pp. 24-25
As the pressure drop increases in the column, it is observed that the degree of foaming becomes more violent and more spread out. When the pressure drop is relatively high, it means that the pressure exerted by the vapour is insufficient to hold up the liquid in the tray, causing the gas bubbles to appear on top of the sieve trays. To add on, the higher the pressure drop, the higher the velocity of the vapour passing up the column. As a result, more vapour will penetrate the liquid and more bubbles formation is observed. Due to more bubbles formation, the degree of foaming are more agitated, rapid and spread out.
The temperature dependence of viscosity can be very strong; for example, in motor oil, η can diminish ten-fold with only a 10% increase in the absolute temperature. Therefore, if temperature is not uniform but varies with position in a flow, one cannot obtain a single value for its viscosity. The other dependence of viscosity, on shear rate, is a non-Newtonian property of some fluids; this effect is called “shear thinning” if η diminishes with increasing γ.31 Shear thinning can be avoided in an experiment by applying a small shear stress, so that conditions are relatively close to
This report will outline the steps taken to design a packed distillation column. The column needs to separate a 50:50 mixture of ethanol and isopropanol into a distillate stream containing no more than 3 wt% isopropanol and a bottoms stream containing no more than 3 wt% ethanol. The design of the full-scale column was based on a laboratory simulation column. This column allowed the team to determine vapor velocities and HETP values for the 0.24 inch Pro-Pakq packing.
The Olefins II Unit makes hydrocarbons from naphtha or natural gas using furnaces. After distillation, the p...
There are three main variables that determine whether a liquid will posses capillary action. (Davis, 1995)
The purpose of this experiment is to examine the performance and characteristics of a centrifugal pump, its motor, and the corresponding piping system, used to pump an ethylene glycol solution. The pump used in this experiment has a performance curve based on water, so pump performance curves, as well as motor performance curves, will be developed over a wide range of flow rates to determine the effect that the liquid viscosity and density have on the performance of this pump. Also, the pressure drop of the piping system will be examined to determine the extent of, if any, fouling in the pipes.
The catalytic process occurs at lower temperature anf offers higher selectivity but requires frequent regeneration of the catalyst. Then, the products are cooled and introduced into a pair of separators which separate the unreacted hydrogen. The unreacted hydrogen is compressed and recycle back to the feed and reactor. The products that leaving the separators are heated before introduced into a distillation column which the toluene is separated from the stream and recycle back to the...
On a more scientific note I am interested in mechanics of fluids. This interest was enforced last year when I had the opportunity to attend a lecture on fluid mechanics at P&G. At the conference I greatly expanded my knowledge regarding the physical aspect of fluids and their properties. In last year's AS course we have met a topic in this field. I will be applying ideas and knowledge gathered from last year for this investigation.
Živković, Snežana; Takić, Ljiljana; Živković, Nenad UNAPREĐENJE EKOLOŠKIH PERFORMANSI PRIMENOM STANDARDA ISO 14001 - STUDIJA SLUČAJ.. Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly. 2013, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p541-552. 12p. DOI: 10.2298/CICEQ120513088Z. ,
Cengel, Y. A., & Boles, M. A. (2011). Thermodynamics: An engineering approach (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.¬¬¬¬
The various processes and concepts involved in industries responsible for the production of innumerable day to day goods have always captured my fascination. The production and processing of chemicals form the crux of such industries. What started as a fascination has turned into a passion, and the next step in this journey is why i am aspiring towards a Master of Science degree in CHEMICAL ENGINEERING at PENN ENGINEERING specializing in {Specialization}.
2 Fast Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed. 3 Dual Fluidized Bed. 4 Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier. *Dry basis