The invention of internal combustion engines in the early 19th century has led to the discovery of utilisation of cheap energy that is petroleum and this enabled the world to develop and progress into the modern world today. Humans were able to accomplish more work done with little manual labour, using internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. Internal combustion engine are mechanical power devices that convert heat energy to mechanical energy with the combustion process taking place in a system boundary (Rolle, 2005). Among the internal combustion engine invented in the 19th century were the Otto engine, Diesel engine and gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engine is one of the popular engines used today due to its high torque per weight ratio relative to other types of internal combustion engines. As explained by Cengel and Boles (2011), the gas turbine engine works on a 6 stages process, namely air intake, compression, fuel injection, combustion, expansion and exhaust (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
Firstly, the gas turbine engine operation begins with the air intake process. As of all internal combustion engine, oxygen is required to support the combustion of the fuel and the source of oxygen is from the fresh air that is taken in. Initially, the fan is rotated by a driving shaft that is powered by the turbine of the engine. A negative or vacuum pressure at the intake side is then created by the rotating fan. Next, the surrounding air is drawn towards the inlet and causes it to flow into the gas turbine engine inlet (Cengel & Boles, 2011). At the same time, the pressure on the other side of the fan is increased as it is compressed at a lower pressure ratio and causes the air in the outlet side of the fan to move fu...
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Works Cited
Cengel, Y. A., & Boles, M. A. (2011). Thermodynamics: An engineering approach (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.¬¬¬¬
Ganesan, V. (1999). Gas turbines. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill.
Rolle, K. C. (2005). Thermodynamics and heat power (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Saravanamutto, H. I. H., Rogers, G. F. C., Cohen, H., & Straznicky, P. V. (2009). Gas turbine theory (6th ed.). London, UK: Prentice Hall.
Sirignano, W. A., & Liu, F. (1999). Performance increase for gas-turbine engine through combustion inside the turbine. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 15(1), 111-118.
Walsh, P. P., & Fletcher, P. (2004). Gas turbine performance (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Wilson, D. G., & Korakianitis, T. (1998). The design of high-efficiency turbomachinery and gas turbines (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
There are many differences between Turbos and Blowers. The first is the power curve. Superchargers build boost as rpm increases in a linear fashion, because they are belt driven from the engine crankshaft. This means that the supercharger is always on and achieves its maximum potential at higher rpm's. The faster the engine is going, the faster the supercharger is turning. T...
Gasoline engines have four strokes and six processes in each cycle. During the intake stroke, air and fuel are drawn into the cylinder; the volume and potential energy increase. Next, the compression stroke adiabatically compresses the gases; the volume decreases and the temperature increases. The spark does not occur during a stroke but when the piston is fully raised, this causes the gases to ignite keeping relatively the same volume. In the power stroke, the gas adiabatically expands; the temperature decreases and the volume increases. Finally, the exhaust valve is opened so in the exhaust stroke when the piston moves up the gasses are released causing the volume to decrease.
As the air-fuel mixture is burned, the gases expand so that the pressure is increased further. Part of this energy is captured by the turbine blades and translated into the rotation of the compressor shaft, and thereby supplying the energy the compressor needs to function.
The main function of the nozzle is to create thrust. As the hot gases are expelled out the nozzle, they exert a force on the plane and propel it forward. Gas turbine engines operate according to Newton’s Third Law of Physics which states that for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
The graph below shows the heat storage for a latent heat system in the case of a solid-liquid change.
Trefil, J. S. (1975) Introduction to the physics of fluids and solids (New York: Pergamon Press).
Select two main types of gas turbine engines and state their pros and cons with respect to their operation, construction and installation arrangement
United States International Trade Commission (2009, June). Wind Turbine Industry and Trade Report. Retrieved, August 12, 2011 from http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/ITS-2.pdf
The aerofoil of the blade also very significant, the shape of the aerofoil that has been used would affect the result of the wind turbine performance. The CFD analysis result, such as pressure and velocity distribution, flow streamlines and calculation results such as rotational speed, torque, power, lift and drag coefficient , effect of TSP and angle of attack can be done. Regards for the shroud reviews, found that the differences between the bare wind turbine and the augmented shroud wind turbine affect the efficiency of power production
...ent on the total solids concentrations. The turbulent flow mixing is modelled by employing the realizable k-ε model. The predicted power and flow numbers of an impeller were validated against the lab specifications. Wu (2011) has done CFD simulation of non-Newtonian fluids in a lab-scale anaerobic digestion tank with a pitched blade turbine (PBT) impeller in turbulent flow regime. Six different turbulence models are used but realizable k-ε and the standard k-ω models were found to be more suitable than the other turbulence models. Ameur and Bouzit (2012) have carried out a CFD simulation of a shear thinning fluid using curved-blade impellers in a cylindrical unbaffled vessel at laminar and transition regime. They have studied the effect of the impeller speed, the fluid rheology and the number of impeller blades on the induced flow patterns and the power consumption.
A steam turbine's two main parts are the cylinder and the rotor. As the steam passes through the fixed blades or nozzles it expands and its velocity increases. The high-velocity jet of steam strikes the first set of moving blades. The kinetic energy of the steam changes into mechanical energy, causing the shaft to rotate. The steam then enters the next set of fixed blades and strikes the next row of moving blades. As the steam flows through the turbine, its pressure and temperature decreases, while its volume increases. The decrease in pressure and temperature occurs as the steam transmits energy to the shaft and performs work. After passing through the last turbine stage, the steam exhausts into the condenser or process steam system. The kinetic energy of the steam changes into mechanical erringly through the impact (impulse) or reaction of the steam against the blades.
A heat engine is a method that executes the transformation of thermal energy or the heat to mechanical energy. That mechanical energy can be used as a mechanical work. This work can be manifest by bringing a working material from a high heat condition to a lower heat condition, by that the heat engine will produce calorific power that creates higher temperature conditions of the working substance. After generating a higher temperature state to the working substance a work will be p...
... air pumping device (such as blower or axial flow fan) is across the tube bundle which may be either forced draft or induced draft as shown in the Figure 2.2. A support structure that high enough to allow air to enter beneath the air cooled heat exchanger.
Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory: using the dynamic programming algorithm. Baik et al. calculated theoretical maximum power of a heat engine using a low-grade heat source of about 100 by the sequential Carnot cycle model.