External Recall Cue Memory Study

335 Words1 Page
bulb-icon

Recommended: How does sleep affect memory

The consolidation of declarative memories is enhanced during the retention intervals filled with sleep. Studies state that recently gained declarative memories are unconsciously reactivated especially during periods of slow wave sleep. This results in a better transfer and integration of temporarily stored memories in the hippocampus into the neocortical regions. This study was based on the possibility of improving the memory reactivation process by presenting an external recall cue during the slow wave sleep and the external recall cue that was used was an

olfactory stimulus because odors are highly capable of inducing odor-associated memories. However, it has been discovered that this stimulus type have small effects on the sleep process

Show More
Related

  • Significant Role of the Hippocampus

    1158 Words  | 3 Pages

    Hippocampus is a small, curved region, which exists in both hemispheres of the brain and plays a vital role in emotions, learning and acquisition of new information. It also contributes majorly to long term memory, which is permanent information stored in the brain. Although long term memory is the last information that can be forgotten, its impairment has become very common nowadays. The dysfunction is exemplified by many neurological disorders such as amnesia. There are two types of amnesia, anterograde and retrograde. Anterograde amnesia is inability in forming new information, while retrograde refers to the loss of the past memory. As suggested by Cipolotti and Bird (2006), hippocampus’s lesions are responsible for both types of amnesia. According to multiple trace theory, the author suggests that hippocampal region plays a major role in effective retrieving of episodic memory (Cipolotti and Bird, 2006). For example, patients with hippocampal damage show extensively ungraded retrograde amnesia (Cipolotti and Bird, 2006). They have a difficult time in retrieving information from their non-personal episodic events and autobiographical memory. However, this theory conflicts with standard model of consolidation. The difference between these theories suggests that researchers need to do more work to solve this controversy. Besides retrieving information, hippocampus is also important in obtaining new semantic information, as well as familiarity and recollection (Cipolotti and Bird, 2006). For instance, hippocampal amnesic patient V.C shows in ability to acquire new semantic knowledge such as vocabularies and factual concepts (Cipolotti and Bird, 2006). He is also unable to recognize and recall even...

    Read More

  • Hippocampus Essay

    1137 Words  | 3 Pages

    However, scientists are beginning to uncover that stress can also inhibit the plasticity and neurogenesis within the hippocampus. By inhibiting these processes, stress can negatively influence the mechanism responsible for memory consolidation in the brain. These effects, if not treated promptly with suitable sleep, could have harmful and damaging effects on nerve cells in the hippocampus. By identifying these effects within sleep deprivation, scientists can formulate new effective drugs and mechanisms to enhance memory impairment caused by sleep loss.

    Read More

  • Memento (2001): Anterograde Amnesia

    512 Words  | 2 Pages

    There are many examples of published research that considers this phenomenon. Lenny’s predicament is like the case of patient HM explored in Corkin (2002). This man suffered from intractable epileptic seizures in the Media temporal lobe. To reduce his epilepsy surgeons removed part of the brain, losing two thirds of his hippocampus which is critical for the formation on new memories. Like Lenny patient HM wakes everyday with no memory of the previous day but sustained his older memories before his operation (Corkin,

    Read More

  • How Does Sleep Affect Memory Consolidation?

    1684 Words  | 4 Pages

    Rasch, B., Buchel, C., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2007). Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation. Science, 315, 1426–1429.

    Read More

  • Sleep Physiology And Chronobiology Essay

    1611 Words  | 4 Pages

    ...ep. There are events in sleep that are associated with synaptic modification, which is the basis of brain rewiring that enhances cognition. There is evidence that sleep accelerated transcription of cortical genes that are associated with protein synthesis9. These newly generated proteins are known to be required for strengthening of existing synapses and building new synapses. Studies have found increase of factors associated with brain-plasticity and enhanced learning during sleep5. These factors include phosphorylated or activated CREB, a transcriptional factor, as well as Arc, BDNF, and NGFI-A. These evidence help explain how sleep can influence brain rewiring through synaptic modification. This mechanism helps explain how sleep can modify the brain and ultimately enhance learning. This is a strong evidence that supports the synaptic downscaling hypothesis.

    Read More

  • Declarative Memory Essay

    1877 Words  | 4 Pages

    I will first be discussing declarative memory, which is characterized by knowledge of facts and events. Much of our current knowledge of the structure and substrates of declarative memory derives from studies of amnesiac patients, from which we can derive two primary findings: declarative memory is separate from other forms of memory such as working and non-declarative memory, and function of declarative memory is dependent on structures

    Read More

  • Why Sleep is Crucial

    809 Words  | 2 Pages

    The brain is the most important organ in the body and without it life would not exist. In a metaphorical sense, the brain can be thought of as a master computer. Functions of the brain include physical behavior, emotion, learning capability and memory. Since the beginning of scientific exploration, the brain has been a significant area of interest and its complexity still puzzles scientists today. New research methods and advances in technology have allowed humans to understand more about the brain within the past 10 years than in the preceding centuries (Brain Basics, 2013.) Research on the role of sleep in brain functionality shows surprising promise. The amount and quality of sleep an individual receives effects learning ability and the risk of developing brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

    Read More

  • Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia

    789 Words  | 2 Pages

    Making and storing memories is a complex process involving many regions of the brain. (3). Most experts agree that we have two stages of memories - short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory is the immediate memory we have when we first hear or perceive someth...

    Read More

  • Oswald's Restoration Theory of Sleep

    505 Words  | 2 Pages

    Many studies of the role of sleep are partial or total sleep deprivation studies which support Oswold’s restoration theory. One of these supporting studies was Dement’s. He deprived participants of REM sleep and consequently found that they increased their number of attempted REM stages from 12 to 26 over 4-7 nights. During their first uninterrupted night, participants increased their REM sleep by 10% which is known as REM rebound. This suggests the importance of REM and the possibility that the purpose of sleep is to get into REM sleep. The participants reported anxiety, irritability and difficulty concentrating which shows that REM sleep is needed to avoid these affects and enable brain recovery which corresponds with Oswold’s theory. Even so, Dement’s study has low ecological validity, it has low population validity because there were only 8 participants and they were a self-selected sample. Participants would probably have shown demand characteristics because the experiment took place in a lab. It also has low mundane realism because people would not usually sleep in a lab and be interrupted repeatedly.

    Read More

  • Impact of Suggestibility and Sleep Deprivation on Memory Distortions

    1238 Words  | 3 Pages

    However, there are few studies investigating the effect of sleep deprivation on false memory formation; these studies offer conflicting evidence and are based on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task—a test where participants memorize lists of words associated with a word not on the list and are tested on their memory—instead of more naturalistic stimuli meaning that the effect constructive memory retrieval would have on false memory formation is more diminished (Frenda et al., 2014). The purpose of the study by Frenda et. al was to gain stronger evidence for any relationship between sleep deprivation and false memory formation within real-life situations. The results from this study may have practical applications, especially in eyewitness testimonies (Frenda et al., 2014). Determining whether or not sleep deprivation causes false memory formations could be tantamount to verifying the accuracy of eyewitness testimony of the

    Read More

  • Exploringn a Neurobiological Theory of Dreaming

    487 Words  | 1 Pages

    However one criticism of this theory is that the supporting research which was done for this was in a laboratory where participants slept and this however differs significantly from sleep in more natural settings. This theory is in good in explaining why smells and taste rarely or never appear in our dreams because only those parts in vision and hearing are activated. This theory also accounts for why we often find our dreams hard to understand as it stated that dreams are not functioning effectively and due to random activity.

    Read More

  • The Importance Of Smells And Memory

    867 Words  | 2 Pages

    With smells, people have a lot of extra processing before they even realize the smell. A lot of people's bodies contain many more smell receptors (about 1,000) than any amount of receptors for other senses. This means that the odor-cued memories are much stronger. In an experiment, adults were given three cues ( a word, a picture, or an odor) and asked to try and recall memories from that specific word, picture, or odor. The results confirmed that odor-cued memories were usually within the first ten years of the adult’s life, but the visual and verbal information were from the participants early

    Read More

  • Persuasive Essay: Getting The Eight Hours Of Sleep

    845 Words  | 2 Pages

    With the body being reset and the mind functioning correctly, with the students and adults, their minds will increase the productivity during a work day and in learning. When the body has a better ability to memorize and learn new information and content, students and adults will be able to increase their knowledge base and learn more about anything they are doing. “A growing body of evidence suggests that offline periods of waking rest and sleep benefit memory” (Graveline, Wamsley). When individuals get the required eight hours of sleep, they have the ability to increase their growing while they sleep. If the body has not gone through REM, rapid eye movement sleep, then the sleep was almost worthless. REM sleep is the deepest part of sleep and it is when the most chemicals and healing occurs. REM sleep can occur at different times for different individuals and can be recurring throughout the sleep

    Read More

  • Why we should have enough sleep

    551 Words  | 2 Pages

    Sleep plays a vital role in a person’s mental well-being. Sleeping affects how well people think, react, work, learn, and get along with others. While a person is sleeping, his brain is preparing to help him learn and remember information. A good night’s sleep enhances learning and problem solving skills. It is very important for the students to have sound sleep as it can improve their concentration, memory and creativity. Furthermore, having enough sleep increases the ability to m...

    Read More

  • Effects Of Lack Of Sleep Essay

    1279 Words  | 3 Pages

    Rasch, Björn, and Jan Born. "About Sleep 's Role in Memory." Physiological Reviews. American Physiological Society, n.d. Web. 06 May 2016.

    Read More

More about External Recall Cue Memory Study

Open Document