The impact of exploration-exploitation is unpredictable and there is no general rule how to trade-off between these two learning in dynamic environments (Laureiro-Martínez, Brusoni, & Zollo, 2009). It is difficult to integrate both exploration and exploitation simultaneously to improve efficiency in short terms and innovation in long-term as different firm has a different way of thinking and routines for exploration compared to those needed for exploitation (Gupta et al., 2006). Understanding how both knowledge exploration and exploitation can be implemented is crucial. Pursuing both learning is depending on how these tasks are considered either as competing or complementary source for (Gupta, Smith, & Shalley, 2006) value creation that lead to firm performance. As such, the result of pursuing both explorative and exploitative learning towards firm performance is different. Whether it is in terms of its individual effect (Isobe, Makino, & Montgomery, 2004; Yu & Yang, 2011), interaction of both learning (Z.-L. He & Wong, 2004; Zhan & Chen, 2010), imbalance (Z.-L. He & Wong, 2004; Zhan & Chen, 2010) or balance effect (Z.-L. He & Wong, 2004; Lavie & Rosenkopf, 2006; J. Lee & Bae, 2012). In many researches, the focus of a domain can be single or multiple domains. A domain refers to the field of action or thought or region which have particular characteristic (http://dictionary.reference.com). According to (Y. Li, Vanhaverbeke, & Schoenmakers, 2008) domain can be categorized in terms of supply, demand and geographic domain. The authors propose domain function should clearly be identified to provide meaningful finding. Besides that, interaction of exploration and exploitation can be conceptualized either in multiple domai... ... middle of paper ... ...to balance exploration and exploitation: specialization and ambidexterity. However, this can be done in a broader system such as both learning are implemented in two firms instead of an individual firm. One firm may specialize in exploration, and the other specializes in exploitation by controlling the mutual complement resources to avoid waste of resources, to search continuous need for exploration and exploitation, and to obtain adequate compensation for their effort through low co-specialization. However, both exploration and exploitation may be merged through routine task to become more creative; maintain their individual culture and structure together, change employee job from routine to non-routine tasks. Thus, the role of ambiguity and role of conflict will weaken the role of specialization and this create disadvantage to firm (Hjelmgren & Dubois 2013).
The article “Navigating the Age of Exploration” by Ted Widmer explains how people view American history with only the assumptions pertaining to the present boundaries of the United States instead of seeing the world as explorers did during the Age of Exploration and expanding our boundaries to understand America’s history more fully. Widmer points out that many teachers of American history don’t teach a full continental perspective extending beyond American borders, which doesn’t give credit to the various cultures that contributed to the foundation of the United States. Today, people know little about the contributions of explorers during the Age of Exploration, and their impacts on America. During the Age of Exploration, the Europeans created
Europeans explored continents and countries in the 1400’s to the 1700’s, this is know as the Age of Exploration. The impact of Europeans on global trade was disease, new crops, and slavery.
Throughout history, there have been turning points that have changed the course of society. The three most important turning points were the Age of Exploration, the Renaissance, and the Reformation. Each had many positive and negative effects on history. During the Age of Exploration, many explorers set out in their massive sailing ships to find another way to get to India, but what they discovered was a major turning point in the history of the world. During the Renaissance, many people in Europe began having new ideas and concepts about life and even started believing in humanism, which was emphasizing the value of humans in many forms (during this time it was art). And finally during the Reformation, it was a time of religious conflict was shaped Europe into what it was today.
The trade routes were the communications highways of the ancient world. New goods and raw materials, were transmitted by people moving from one place to another to conduct business (“"Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History”). When the Ottoman Empire took control of Constantinople in 1453, it blocked European access to the area, severely limiting trade. In addition, it also blocked access to North Africa and the Red Sea; two very important trade routes to the Far East (“Begin Exploring the Age of Exploration with This Handy Overview”). The need of goods and resources was a major concern after the Crusade Wars. Europe was slowly starting to become urbanized. Villages were turning into cities and the population was growing rapidly (Cole). The need
The Gold Rush was a time when many people in United States rushed west in hopes of discovering gold. This attracted thousands of people from all around America. Women played a key role in the Gold Rush. They had lots of jobs when it came to migrating west.
The Age of Exploration was the time for many great discoveries to rise. There was a great amount of growth for the Europeans as well. At this time period, there was a great deal of decline for the Native American people. Some of these European explorers tried to help others as well as themselves along the journey. Other Europeans helped themselves while making others suffer for their lives. A person who can be described as this is Hernando Cortes. Cortes was born around 1485 at Medellin, Spain. He is mainly known for defeating the Aztec empire and claiming Mexico for Spain. Although he claimed a piece of land for Spain, I believe that Cortes does not deserve to be called a great leader. He destroyed the Aztec civilization and wiped out mostly all the Aztec people. Not only that, Cortes used many people and as well as the Aztecs to gain more power. Killing the people and ending a powerful civilization during the age of exploration does not make Hernando Cortes a “great” leader.
The Wild West was a place of lawlessness and opportunity for those brave enough to risk it all in the harsh environment that was the west. The golden years of the Rush lasted from 1848 to roughly 1858. Over the decade, over a hundred thousand people migrated to the west. Over ten years and with all those new people in a foreign land, some interesting things were bound to occur.
The Exploration age for the europeans was the way to get rich famous and make money for their mother country. With the new exploration tools that helped many explores sail to the new world and explore the land and to learn about the native people culture and how they lived. With the new knowledge of the new world introduces new threats to both the Europeans and the Natives such as disease, enslavement of people and the decimation of populations in the new world due to exploration. The age of exploration was started when christopher columbus went to the new world which he thought was india in 1492. After the first trip to the new world with Columbus there was a boom in Europe and the race to make it and explore, and colonize the new world was
The Age of Exploration was one of the most important time periods to have ever impacted the world. The Age of Exploration started in the late 1400’s until the 17th Century. During this time major events take place, such as trading between nations, new sailing routes, and the establishment of the New World.
The Age of Exploration was a time period when Europeans made discoveries that transformed the world. The Age of Exploration was due to scientific developments and the desire for wealth. The Age of Exploration is a period that started in the 15th century with the first Portuguese explorations. During The Age of Exploration, Europeans used many tools and technology to make discoveries that transformed the world. During The Age of Exploration many explorers wanted to explore for many different reasons. Since they wanted to explore, they did explore and they made discoveries and explorations, and as a result, many effects many effects were made on the world.
Too many times in history has the government thrown aside the rights of the individual in the pursuit of their own agenda. This subsequently often led to their downfall as well. This happens far too often, even in our modern world. You would think that by now, despite all of the horrible things that came about as a result of these instances, we would have learned our lesson. But we still haven’t been able to get the message. Why? Because the power of greed is far more powerful than that of humanity. This has been visible since the dawn of man. Even though humans have a natural desire to care for one another, greed still conquers all, and that’s the sad truth of the matter. Unfortunately, governments take the greedy road far too often than they should. They get caught up in the moment and forget about what it’s all really about, which is fulfilling their side of the mutualistic relationship between them and the people. The one thing that we have in common is also the most overlooked.
1. Division of work ? To allow the individual to build up experience and improve its
This essay is the respond to the Local Council Member who has wrong idea about a common archetype of adventure tourist. This misconception based on ignorance of current tourism industry, could potentially be a dangerous for local economy and development. The local authority must be well informed about present conditions with the tourism market, before they will make a far reaching decisions about the development direction in this industry. Currently, there are many organisations whose monitoring an international tourism business and this knowledge supposed to be good use for our common good.
1997). By reviewing the literature on learning and innovation, we try to answer the following
Innovation may be defined as exploiting new ideas leading to the creation of a new product, process or service. It is not just the invention of a new idea that is important, but it is actually