Research is finding out information in relation to a hypothesis a researcher has constructed in order to prove or disprove it. Research designs refer to the way in which this information is collected in order for it to be analysed, it provides a standard layout for data collection. A research design is chosen by the researcher in order to fit the criteria of the required data to satisfy their hypothesis. The two forms of research designs discussed in this essay will be Experimental and Correlational research.
The purpose of experimental research is to compare situations in a controlled environment, under strict conditions in order to establish causality. Causality is the relationship between the reason for something and the subsequent effect this reason has on the outcome. By manipulating a single aspect while controlling all others as strictly as possible, researchers are able to determine what may cause the effect. Results from manipulating this aspect will support or refute a hypothesis. Experimental research is very analytic and focuses on a specific element of research. Researchers have a high control of context and high explicitness with the data collection.
An experiment is set up with a control group and experimental group. The control group acts as a constant with all the set conditions and no change to any aspect. They serve as base line to which to compare the experimental group too in order to identify an effect. The experimental group are under the exact same conditions except for an aspect that is changed in order to learn the result of this change. Cause-and-effect is the desired outcome from the experimental group in comparison to the control group. Randomisation is a key factor in the unbiased allocation of sub...
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...e research, there must be at least two measures, or it will be impossible to calculate a correlation. A correlation may be statistically significant but be weak or low which means it is not associated and has no practical significance.
When a correlational research design is appropriate for a study, it can be designed by following the steps outlined by Creswell (2008) and Lodico et al. (2006):
• Identify two variables that may be related
• Select a sample
• Select a method of measurement
• Collect necessary data
• Analyze the data
• Interpret results
In conclusion the purpose of correlational research is to discover relationships between two or more variables. It is important to remember that correlation does not prove causation but can prove an association between two variables making it useful for researchers to use as a pre-cursor to experimental research.
There are many different factors to consider that play a part in experimental procedures. Without these variables, researchers would have a hard time making a claim about a particular topic, because they did not consider all sides of the experiment. An example of the variations done in experiments can be seen throughout Solomon Asch’s “Opinions and Social Pressure,”
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
Experimental research is the one type of research that allows psychologists to make causal statements. It is where the researcher changes one or more variables that may have an effect on some other variables (King, 2016). The hypothesis is a specific expectation about what is going to happen in the experiment (King, 2016). In the research, the hypothesis was that women would perceive fat talk to be more socially acceptable than men (Katrevich et al., 2014). The other elements of experimental method are dependent and independent variables. The independent variable (IV) is the cause of the results, and it is changed by the experimenter to find the effects, but the dependent vari...
In order to have a successful, reliable experiment you need sufficient data and evidence, reliable research, variables to test and a follow – up experiment. There are several types of variables you need to do an experiment. An independent variable is the manipulated experimental factor that is changed to see what the effects are. A dependent variable is the outcome. This factor can change in an experiment in reaction to the changes in the independent variable. An experimental group is the group of participants that are exposed to the change that the independent variable represents. The control group is participants who are treated in the same way as the experimental group except for the manipulated factor which is the independent variable (King 24). Proper data, evidence and research is also needed so the experiment turns out correctly and you know what you are testing. A follow – up experiment is not required, however it helps the validity of the conclusion of the experiment. Validity is “the soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment” (King 25). Conducting a follow – up experiment will help researchers and people alike see if the experiment worked properly, continues to help people and see how participants are doing after the experiment is over.
The laboratory experiment gives the experimenter a greater chance to control the conditions and enables you to measure behaviour with greater precision. This method also allows for quantative research and also enables greater control of variables. Although it gives the experimenter greater control, this can also seem daunting to the subject who may feel more uncomfortable and is less likely to ...
Experimental designs are viewed as the most accurate, and most demanding of research designs, requiring strict attention to rules and procedures. Researchers use these research designs to manipulate and control testing procedures as a way to understand a cause and effect relationship. Commonly, independent variables are manipulated to judge or decide their effect on a dependent variable (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008).
Planning or conducting a study requires research and a good design. “A good design, one in which the components work harmoniously together, promoting efficient and successful functioning; a flawed design leads to poor operation or failure” (Maxwell, 2013, p. 2). When conducting research, the research questions are the normal starting point. They are what drives the study and, therefore, the piece that controls the design which all other components must follow (Maxwell, 2013). With the research questions at the center of the design, unlike typical research models, the interactive model of research design is connected in such a way as to provide
The nature of research instruments, the sampling plan and the type of data the research design constitutes the blueprint for the collection, the measurement and analysis of data. It aids the researcher in the allocation of his limited resources by posing crucial choices.
For this research requirement I chose three different experiments to examine thoroughly. The first of these experiments came from the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. The study done in this journal was an examination of orthographic learning and self-teaching in a bilingual and biliterate context. The aim of the study was to figure out the advantages and/or disadvantages of a student learning a native language when they are either monolingual, bilingual, or biliterate, and the study was focused on learning English because this is the most commonly learned non-native language in the world.
There are hypotheses or questions that the researcher wants to address which includes predictions about the possible relationship between two they are investigating (variables). However, in order to find answers to these questions, the researcher will have different instruments and materials, paper/complete tests and observation
The first method to be discussed and analysed are experimental methods. There is a variety of experimental methods including; laboratory, field and natural experiments. These methods are the most scientific method due to them being highly objective and systematic. In addition, this method is regarded as the most powerful research method used in psychology because of the potential to investigate the causes of events and therefore, identifying the cause and effect relationship. When carrying out an experiment the researcher intervenes directly in the situation being investigated. The researcher manipulates an independent variable (IV) in order to investigate whether there is a change in the dependent variable (DV). Any other variables that could have an
Experimental research is what a lot of people think of a being more scientific. Its in our nature to unconsciously want to find out what occurs to us when changes are offered in variables. As in the example provided above about blood pressure and cholesterol levels, a research can deliberately increase the blood pressure of a subject and then take down his or hers cholesterol levels to see if there is any changes in his or her blood pressure. If changes happen in one variable lead to changes in another variable, a examiner is in place to say there is a something happening between the two.
Research design is an outline of research study which indicates that what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis and its operational implications to the final analysis of data. A research design is the arrangement of conditions for data collection and analysis of data in such a way that it will aim to combine relevance to research purpose with implementation of developed framework from research proceedure[1]. Research design constitutes conclusion regarding what, why, where, when and how concerning an inquiry or a research study. Overall research design may be divided into the following parts. [2]
Striating from the research idea to the culmination of the findings, the research process entails many segments, all of which are imperative. By choosing the research methodology, the researchers can formulate the path to be used in conducting the study and reporting the findings. The methodology helps in the search of literature, development of research questions and the creation of the most suitable study design. It also assists in the interpretation of the results and the publication of the findings in journals.
After establishing the research problem and what results are wanted, it will define how it will find the answers. Research is a form of collection and interpretation of information that will form the basis of finding answers to questions. The research uses theories and methods that h...