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Benefits of expectancy violations theory
Example of expectancy violation
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Expectancy Violation Theory So a man walks into a bar. He orders a drink from the bartender, some Jack on the rocks. The bartender comes back with a guy sitting on a pile of rocks. The man refuses to pay the tab, and instead leaves the bar. This joke, as terrible as it is, is an amazing example of the Expectancy Violations Theory or EVT for short. This joke symbolizes EVT through the fact that the man expected a certain kind of drink, and instead got something else, because of this his response is to not pay. EVT is simply described as people have expectations for each other, and when someone violate those expectations people will respond either negatively or positively. There are many concepts that have to deal with EVT, including expectancy, violation valence, and communicator reward valence (Griffin, Ledbetter, Sparks). Expectancy is “what is predicted and not what is desired” (Griffin, Ledbetter, Sparks) According to Judee K. …show more content…
This is my violation valence. As a result I will add up the rest of my other grades, and assuming those are also bad I will probably freak out. This is my Communicator Reward Valence. The reason why I like this theory is that it is so applicable to everyday life. This theory does not only require meeting new people nor does it apply to just only people with built relationships. It also applies in almost every situation. Every time someone communicates with someone else, this theory is used. There is the dilemma of the occasional unpredictability of an individual, which brings up a question that I have, If one were to put into consideration all factors that could play a role into someones communicator reward valence could someone truly be able to predict what they would think? Another question I have is that can children think of this? As adults we gain knowledge and understanding through previous communication with other adults, but what about children who have less
B.F. Skinner, a behaviorist, claims that people tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes. He goes further to say that they tend not to repeat responses that are followed by a negative or neutral response. If Skinner were looking at the case of Lionel Tate, he would say that Tate must hav...
only can comedy use the subversion of expectation facetiously, but it can comment on the real
In the experiment, the group of individuals that were heavily influenced that their judgement was poor had no choice but to join the group’s decision despite having opposing views. Similarly, Eric Forman had to stop attending his disco roller-skating events because his friend group was totally against it. Lastly, Varun ended up telling his girlfriend he cheated because his respect from the group was on the line. All in all, this theory that people have to listen to other individual’s opinions to grade their worth has become obvious through these
“Humans are not a rational animal, but a rationalizing one” (“Class 20”). This was asserted by the much acclaimed, significant, and influential social psychologist Leon Festinger as referencing to his theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Social psychology is “a branch of psychology particularly concerned with understanding social behaviors such as” incentive and compliance (Sheehy). Festinger’s contributions to the social and cognitive branches of psychology as well psychology overall prove themselves worthy to today. This theory specifically challenged many common notions that were seemingly already accepted by behaviorists everywhere during his time (Tavris and Aronson). Its reality awakens its verifications. Consecutively, its “enormous motivational power” affects many on a daily basis (Tavris and Aronson). In the final analysis, the theory of Cognitive Dissonance by Leon Festinger is fundamental to behaviorism while directly changing the way human beings across the planet think and do.
"The social psychology of this century reveals a major lesson: often it is not so much the kind of person a man as the kind of situation in which he finds himself that determines how he will act"(Blass, 2009, p101). This is what Stanley Milgram, an American social psychologist, said after conducting the famous obedience experiment. The participants of the experiment were told to deliver electric shocks ranging from 30 to 450 volts to the other person. The participants could see the other person suffering as the intensity of the shock goes up. They could either follow or deny the order from the instructor, but the instructor kept telling them to raise the shock at each level. With this study, Milgram compared and contrasted the relationship
This theory has been subject to many articles and studies in the communication and social departments. Indeed, studying this theory can help us understanding human relations in interpersonal communication. Each of us has been one day confronted to uncertainty, whereas in initial encounters, or moving to a new a new place, or beginning a new work.
What a person can conclude from these descriptions is that expectancy violation is a violation of one’s prediction. This theory understands communication as the discussion of information that can be used to disrupt the anticipations of someone else who will perceive the conversation either positively or negatively. Expectancies are mostly centered upon social standards and stereotypes of the communicators.
Throughout the semester, we have studied numerous communication theories. Their purpose is to help understand exactly what happens when we interact with others. We might not necessarily agree with all of the theories, but the idea is to develop tools to evaluate situations we may encounter. Often, when the theories are explained in the readings or lecture, it is beneficial to apply the concepts to a "real life" situation. Using this approach, I will use a situation that many of us have faced, or will face, and analyze it according to a particular communication theory.
Social Learning Theory is the progression that happens in the course of watching the punishment of others and by deciding if such activity is important enough to replicate (Wallace, n.d.) Fundamentally, this idea supports that individuals discover by examining others. In the 1930s, the Social discovering idea was evolved by Edwin Sutherland, Robert Burgess, Ronald L. Akers, and Daniel Glaser. This group of theorists evolved the discovering idea by distinguishing examples of criminalistic demeanor and the values that escorted these lawless persons, the way in which they dwelled and broadcast they called differential association (Schmalleger, 2012.) Albert Bandura is another theorist that has aided in the development of the idea. Bandura's work put the focus on reciprocal determinism, which focuses on how a person’s behavior, natural environment, and individual features all reciprocally leverage each other. ("Learning- Theories.com", 2012). Bandura evolved a form that involved the following steps. 1. Attention: In order for an individual to discover, they must be adept to pay vigil...
...e. This theory went a lot deeper than I thought it would, I was genuinely surprised. Most of the interpersonal communication theories that are taught arguably are common sense theories. Yet, when you consider when these theories were constructed and the certain events that took place inspiring the ideas in the first place…it’s actually quite remarkable. Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann had a fundamental idea inspired by researchers before her time, an idea that explains why all humans think a certain way or don’t think a certain way. Quite remarkable.
This theory was expounded upon when viewed in light of the two studies that examined EVT in romantic relationships and in CMC context of social media sites. The Social Expectancy Violations Study revealed that not only do expectancy violations generate larger ERP responses, but also that recall was more consistent with negative than it was with positive behavior. In the Victim Effect Study found that a rape victim was more likely to be believed if their emotional behavior matched police expectancy of stereotypical behavior. The last study, Getting What’s Expected, further strengthened EVT by recording students’ expectancy violations in a sociology course. Of course, this has very practical application in everyday life. I have personally experienced it when facing punishment as a child and can testify to its effectiveness in generating affective responses. This theory may very well lead to an evolution of how we understand human responses to expectancy
Communication affects self-concept and self concept affects how one communicates. If one has poor self-concept and sees oneself as unworthy then they will present themselves this way, which will result in a negative response from people. If one feels good about oneself, they will present themselves as worthy, which will result in a more pos...
... reciprocity into another can be used as a way of changing the nature of a social relationship. Because the form of reciprocity practiced between two individuals is related to the degree of social distance between them, the social distance can be decreased or increased by one party initiating a new form of exchange. For example, someone can draw another person closer by tentatively initiating a relationship of balanced reciprocity. In conclusion, forms of reciprocity tend to be associated with types of social relations, so the reciprocity practiced between people changes as their relationship changes. People can use reciprocity to achieve social goals. For example, people can send positive or negative messages by either reciprocating or refusing to reciprocate gifts or invitations. Lastly, reciprocity can be used as a way of shortening or lengthening social distance.
This theory is applied from the law of effect in which assumes that while there is a tendency of repetition of behaviour followed by pleasant consequences, there is none for unpleasant consequences (Ghillyer 2011, p. 236). There are four different types of reinforcement methods. While avoidance or negative reinforcement assumes employee to avoid negative consequences, punishment tends to reprimand verbally towards undesired behaviour (Lussier 2008, p. 334). However, Commonwealth does not display these methods in their employee management. This might be due to their huge beliefs in positive reinforcement in contrast to negative reinforcement. The corporation believes that recognizing employee performance will be able to produce an advanced and a well-sustained rewards program (CBA,
The behavioral theory involves the formation of associations between stimuli and response (LT, 21). Behaviorism is expressed through conditioning, associating stimuli and responses (LT, 55). As Skinner describes the environment helps to predict the cues for how an individual will respond to a stimulus. Stimuli, response, contingencies are the three contingencies of the basis of behavioral theory. (114). An association through experiences along with trial and error is when learning often occurs. Through trial and error, successful responses are established and unsuccessful ones are abandoned (LT, 73). The shorter time between the stimuli and response the less likely the response will be established. Positive responses are