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Renaissance and medieval painting
Renaissance and medieval painting
Individualism during the Renaissance
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Sofonisba Anguissola is a very good example of individualism in the Renaissance. She painted several self-portraits, such as the one above, as well as portraits of other people. Strayer defines the individualism movement as “a new emphasis on man as a private person, mainly concerned with himself” (Strayer). It can obviously be seen that Anguissola cared for herself very much as it took a very long time to make a single portrait and to do one of herself must have been very complex. The people that she painted portraits of are also examples of individualism. They had to commission an artist and pose for hours to just have a picture of themself. This behavior of appreciating yourself and your own talents was very different from the Middle Ages,
when more often than not, an artist would not even sign their own work. During the Renaissance, people began to acknowledge the work of others, while making their own opinions and discovering who they were as people. Sometimes this went to extremes, where people became very arrogant and self-concerned. Sofonisba Anguissola was not the only artist painting self-portraits, but she is most well-known for the portraits she created, and did not really make a lot of paintings that were not portraits (Encyclopedia Britannica: Sofonisba Anguissola). This self-portrait is the epitome of individualism in the Renaissance.
2. Castiglione helped developed Italian courtly society with The Book of Courtier. In this book, he talks about certain ideals that aristocrats should have. This book soon became very popular and is a fundamental guidebook for European aristocrats. Castiglione described his ideal courtier with three basic attributes. First, they should have fundamental personality like impeccable character, grace talents, and noble birth. Second, they should do bodily and military exercises and fill his life with arts (musical instrument, drawing, and painting). Finally, nobles have to make good impressions but also be modest. They should show grace in their accomplishments.
Her arthritis caused problems; so, she could not plant anything. Nevertheless, this problem did not make her to feel alone; she always kept in mind her grandmother’s words, “Be Not Solitary, Be not Idle.” Another thing, which should be mentioned about Florence is her attitude toward others. For instance, one day, when she saw a man reaching through the fence to take a tomato, Florence stopped him. Although those tomatoes belonged to someone else, she could not stay apart and watch how a person was taking something which did not belong to him. Also, Florence admired all the gardeners who worked hard to grow something instead of waiting for governmental support.
Sofonisba Anguissola changed or made an impact in Renaissance society by portraying women differently to her male contemporaries and by being one of the first successful independent female artists in the renaissance. She helped the renaissance society by demonstrating the significance of women through her many works of elaborate art.
Sofonisba Anguissola was one of the most prominent female painters of the Renaissance. Not only was she one of only four women mentioned by Giorgio Vasari in his famous Lives of the Artists, she also paved the way for later female artists. One may look at Sofonisba’s upbringing and assume that her talents were a result of her wealth and family background. However, if investigated more carefully through both analytical secondary sources and primary sources, it becomes clear that Sofonisba’s painting abilities formed because of her talent, not her wealth. Sofonisba integrated herself into the artistic community and used her second-class status as a female painter to accelerate her career: because she was not able to study as an apprentice in a workshop, her models were usually family members, she pioneered the style of genre painting. Historian Joan Kelly argues in her essay, “Did Women Have a Renaissance?” that women did not experience a Renaissance during the actual Renaissance. Sofonisba’s training and connections were extremely helpful to launch her career, refuting Kelly’s argument that women only were taught “charm” during the Renaissance. In addition, Sofonisba married her second husband for love, not for money, debunking Kelly’s argument that marriages during the Renaissance were not based on love. Though Sofonisba’s life as a woman is a unique case in terms of wealth and profession, her success and fame, talent, and marriage (van dyck?) disprove Kelly’s argument that women did not have a Renaissance during the Renaissance.
According to Nicholas Mann, "Humanism is that concern with the legacy of antiquity, and in particular but not exclusively with its literary legacy... it involves above all the rediscovery and study of Greek and Roman texts, the restoration and interpretation of them, and the assimilation of the ideas and values they contain." The Studia Humanitatis (Studies of Humanity) is a Latin term used by Roman writers describing a cycle of studies in the humanities including, grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy. Francesco Petrarch, an Italian scholar and poet of the fifteenth century, is considered by many to be the father of humanism. Petrarch 's influential texts had circulated widely throughout Florence and made their way into the government. Thus, humanist learning began to shape political ideologies in Florence. By inspiring humanist philosophy, Petrarch helped pave the way for the start of the Renaissance.
During the Renaissance, people were dedicated to studying human works. They would observe from real life to gain inspiration, new ideas, and to try to recreate the world as they saw it in their art. New techniques such as scientific and atmospheric perspective were created, changing art forever. Artists would use their skills to create works for patrons, from the Church, various guilds, and other religious orders. During the High Renaissance, Julius II commissioned Raphael to decorate the Vatican Palace. The first of the rooms he decorated was The “Room of the Signature”, where he painted The School of Athens. Originally, this room housed Julius II’s personal library, but later on it would be the room where papal documents were signed. In 1508, Raphael began painting four frescoes that represented theology, philosophy, law, and the arts. As stated in Janson’s History of Art Volume II, This fresco “represents a summation of High Renaissance humanism, for it attempts to represent the unity of knowledge in one grand scheme.” Raphael’s The School of Athens is a prime example of humanistic art, as evidenced by the subject of the art itself, the classical elements in the piece, and it’s scientific and illusionistic rendering.
The Renaissance Period is widely known for the abundance of amazing portraiture that circulated around Europe. During the Renaissance, Albrecht Dürer, a German artist painted a self-portrait in 1500 that had qualities that differed from the usual style of artist in that time (Chauhan). Jean Clouet also painted a portrait for the King of France and became the official court painter. Both artists had a talent for portraiture, while their styles were quite different. King Francis I wanted to be seen as a powerful man, and appointed Clouet to paint him in a classically renaissance way that highlights his wealth and authority. Dürer, described as a cocky, self-centered man, painted himself in a light that is unique and puts him on a ‘holy’ pedestal (Stokstad 356). In this essay I will show how although both paintings have clear differences with their style, both men in the compositions are conveyed in a great and very powerful sense.
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – 1652), daughter of a well-known Roman artist, was one of the first women to become recognized in her time for her work.. She was noted for being a genius in the world of art. But because she was displaying a talent thought to be exclusively for men, she was frowned upon. However by the time she turned seventeen she had created one of her best works. One of her more famous paintings was her stunning interpretation of Susanna and the Elders. This was all because of her father. He was an artist himself and he had trained her and introduced her to working artists of Rome, including Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. 1. In an era when women artists were limited to painting portraits, she was the first to paint major historical and religious scenes. After her death, people seemed to forget about her. Her works of art were often mistaken for those of her fathers. An art historian on Artemisia, Mary D. Garrard notes that Artemisia “has suffered a scholarly neglect that is unthinkable for an artist of her caliber.” Renewed and long overdue interest in Artemisia recently has helped to recognize her as a talented renaissance painter and one of the world’s greatest female artists. She played a very important role in the renaissance.
The definition of a Renaissance man or woman is a person that is talented in many fields and is held in regard with a group of elites who also share mutual talents. An example of a Renaissance man is someone who can create prestige paintings and also create life like statues from stone. A well-known renaissance man is Leonardo da Vinci, he was credited with creating histories first prototypes of planes and other inventions that were well ahead of his time. On top of that he was also a painter, architect, and student of all things scientific. Although he was a genius to many his thirst of knowledge was great his only regret was that he would not live long enough to see his inventions come to life. His natural genius crossed so many disciplines that he epitomized the term “Renaissance man.” Renaissance Humanism took a
During the renaissance, there was a renewed interest in the arts, and the traditional views of society came into question. People began to explore the power of the human mind. A term often used to describe the increasing interest in the powers of the human mind is humanism. Generally, humanism stresses the individual's creative, reasoning, and aesthetic powers. However, during the Renaissance, individual ideas about humanism differed.
Romantics began to believe that it was important to be in touch with your emotions. Romanticism was viewed as an assertion of intuitive individualism and the primacy of feeling. (Fiero) These ideas lead to more detail and expression in art. Portraits are perfect examples for the subject of the individual because in portraits you can see what the person was feeling. Artists typically painted as a reaction of what was going on around them and portraits gave them the opportunity to express what their society was like. Traditionally, records of individual likeness, portraits became vehicles for expressing a range of psychological and emotional states in the hands of Romantic painters. (Galitz)
Florentine civic humanism was a strong movement during the Italian renaissance. During this time, there were many differing ideas on humanism and how citizens and people should be governed and how they should live their lives. The Florentine civic humanists believed that liberty, virtue, republics and disdain for monarchies were the pillars for government and life. These ideas were earlier set forth by the Roman republic in their establishment of the city of Florence and were enforced and spread throughout the city-state through the Florentine constitution and the works of many humanists such as Bruni, Palmieri and Alberti. Their works demonstrated that living a life through civic humanism would allow one to become the best they could possibly
The Renaissance Era was full of writers like Emily Dickinson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and many others that believed Nature was supreme in the universe. They believed that the trees and the animals were supreme over the world and were the most powerful things in the world. That Nature was beautiful and superior to everyone and everything. I disagree with the Renaissance Era writers. I believe that this is a false statement.
In our modern-day philosophy, we assume it’s natural to consider ourselves as distinctive, independent individuals. We have confidence in our irreplaceable, individual identity. Self-portraits of artists like Rembrandt, Picasso, and Van Gogh are key testaments in the respect of artistic individualism. Where conventional histories of art have plainly or subtly supposed the stress on artistic individualism starting in the Renaissance, current critical theory has stressed that the formation of the person is in reality a production with a precise social history. We intentionally or unintentionally style our individualities out of the choices our cultural contexts give.
The word Renaissance is a French term that means rebirth. Ancient literature and culture was in a deep sleep but reawaken with bright new ideas and customs. Literature was able to flourish when Constantinople fell in 1453. The inventions of written literature, the printing press, and theaters allowed the Elizabethan Period to thrive by creating the Printing Press, having the royal families influence literature, and educating the poor by increasing their literacy.