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The quest for competitive advantage
The quest for competitive advantage
The quest for competitive advantage
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Introduction
In the globalized world, in which we now live economies are rapidly growing, in turn pushing firms to compete in products and service delivery. The best services and products have been produced due to the increase in the bettering of the human resources. A firm needs to implement unique survival techniques within its environment for competitive advantage. Sources have ultimately evolved from being financial resources to technological resources and now its human capital. These propose that the success of a firm is dependent on the attitudes of the employees, skills and competencies. These are the ability to build trust and assurance, communicate effectively and work within a diverse group (Armstrong, 2010). This essay will examine closely how the Resource Based View (RBV) helps organisations build resources that are essential in sustaining a competitive advantage. First, the key concepts used in the essay will be defined. Secondly, models in human resources will be identified, and then thoroughly discussed on how they contribute to generating sustained competitive advantage. Lastly, a conclusion will be presented.
Key concepts defined
Resource Based View (RBV) is a theory representing a principle stating that a firms’ source for competitive advantage lies in its internal resources. Hence within a firm there certain types of resources owned and controlled which have the potential to breed competitive advantage and increase the performance through the rareness and imitability of the resources (Ainuddin et al., 2007). The competitive value can be improved or eradicated by the factors of the external environment (Songonuga, 2007). According to Barney (2002), firm resources consist of possessions, abilities, organisational ...
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In a competitive economic environment, human resource management has taken more of a strategic, hands-on role in many companies to handle the challenges they face to stay competitive. Companies must find ways to bring in customers and keep good, well-motivated employees on the job. With this in mind, companies that are successful must have sound HRM practices and provide a positive workplace for employees. Looking at the Top 10 Companies to work for, we want to know if HRM practices have an effect on that company being one of the best places to work. We will look at REI, number 9 in the top ten companies to work, to see if Strategic Human Resource Management plays a role in their success.
HRM in any company is a weighty issue that needs much attention where business performance is linked to a HR strategy (Caldwell 2008; Ulrich et al. 2008). In the recent past, competition has become stiff, such that organizations need to come up with other means to compete in the extremely dynamic market world. Thus, companies have shifted their emphasis to Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) where they enhance and empower their personnel in order to increase the productivity and the services offered into the market (Mello 2006). This goes against the traditional ways of increasing the means of competition where organizations place emphasis on tangible resources. In the past, organizations competed in terms of machinery and acquisitions. This has changed greatly due to the changing customer tastes and the diversity of the market in the present (Delery & Doty 1996; Lengnick-Hall et al. 2009).
It is also perhaps not feasible to evaluate the attractiveness of an industry independent of the resources a firm brings to that industry. It is thus argued that this theory be coupled with the Resource-Based View (RBV) in order for the firm to develop a much more sound strategy. It provides a simple perspective for accessing and analysing the competitive strength and position of a corporation, business or organisation.
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Organizations’ other resources can be hired, retained and discarded at any time but human resources needs special treatment. It needs to be carefully hired, deserve an extra effort to retain it and requires training & development to upgrade and improve its capabilities. Other resources depreciate with the passage of time but when the human resource gains more and more experience, it becomes more beneficial for the organizations. These characteristics have brought human resources to be the central element for the success of an organization. (Mohammed, Bhatti, Jariko, and Zehri, 2013, pg. 129, para. 2)
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Pitts and Koufopoulos (2012) argue that resources and capability are highly important internal factors that should be taken into account by the organization in order to obtain the successful performance in the long run.
Boudreau, J. W. and Ramstad, P. M. (2003). Strategic HRM Measurement in the 21st Century:
Competitive advantage matters greatly to those responsible for the management of healthcare institutions. Together with rapidly escalating healthcare costs, increasingly complex medical technologies, and growing regulatory and legal pressures, healthcare organizations face a critical need to improve the quality of care at reduced costs (Cu...
...an approach of partnership is critical for organizations that want to gain competitive advantages. Butler, Ferris & Napier (1991) state this as, “the more management believes that HRM contributes to corporate success, the more its role will be integrated into the firm’s strategic planning process.” (as cited by Rose & Kumar, 2006, pg. 3). Additionally, organizations that apply energy and resources to HRD benefit from an increase in human capital. López-Cabrales, Real & Valle (2011) state the benefits of building human capital as, “If the company adopts appropriate procedures of personnel management, human capital can be orientated to the achievement of sustainable competitive advantages” (pg. 5).
Human resource management (HRM) encompasses the activities of acquiring, maintaining, and developing the organization's employees (human resources). "The traditional view of these activities focuses on planning for staffing needs, recruiting and selecting of employees, orienting and training staff, appraising their performance, providing compensations and benefits, and making their career movement and development." HRM involves two aspects:...
Human Resource Management (HRM) is fundamentally another name for personnel management. It is the process of making sure the employees are as creative as they can be. HRM is a way of grouping the range of activities associated with managing people that are variously categorised under employee relations, industrial/labour relations, personnel management and organisational behaviour. Many academic departments where research and teaching in all these areas take place have adopted the title department of human resources management. HRM is a coordinated approach to managing people that seeks to integrate the various personnel activates so that they are compatible with each other. Therefore the key areas of employee resourcing, employee development, employee reward and employee involvement are considered to be interrelated. Policy-making and procedures in one of these areas will have an impact on other areas, therefore human resources management is an approach that takes a holistic view and considers how various areas can be integrated.