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Ethics and nursing research
Ethics and nursing research
Ethical issues in health research
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“Let whoever is in charge keep this simple question in her head not, how can I always do this right thing myself, but how can I provide for this right thing to be always done?” (Nightinggale, 1969). Exercising ethical manner and superior judgment are challenged when the perception of right and wrong is based on personal biases. Individuals that facilitate research studies are constantly faced with ethical dilemmas, and forced to choose from right and wrong. Making ethical decisions in research are important for the greater good of the participants and organizations. Taking on the role as a clinical research coordinator and research assistant exemplified that when making a decision one must not only depend on intuition, but to follow research etiquette. The roles were extremely rewarding, however along the way challenged ethical principles of autonomy and veracity. As a clinical research coordinator, CRC, it is my responsibility to protect and advocate for my participants. During the course of the research committing to autonomy ensured that each of the prospective …show more content…
participants made an informed decision about participating in the melanoma trial. There were opportunities presented where getting the job done, going against the participant’s right appeared to be the easiest. For example, rushing through the consent forms would have been the ideal decision, but choosing to explain the purpose, method, and potential risks allowed the prospective participant to formulate a sound decision. The participant was knowledgeable about the risk and benefits of their involvement, and their right to drop out of the research. The responsibility as a research assistant is to be informed of changes that may occur during the sample selection and the informed consent process.
One of the requirements is to report any participant that has decided to drop out of the study. The responsibilities as an RA were challenged when a few participants decided to drop out of the trial. I had the option to falsify the data, and create enough to be presented. Violating the principle of veracity would have been deliberately withholding information from my PI, and misleading the research trial. I decided to honor the principle, by telling the truth, no matter what the outcome would be. The honesty within our professional relationship is a basic expectation to secure the integrity of all the study participants and researchers. If I falsified the research data the integrity of our work would have been questioned, and reported to the
IRB. The role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) is to review research and ensure that all of the researchers are adhering to the ethical principles and human rights. Research that requires the IRB approval consists of research that involves human subjects. The IRB consist of several individuals that have strong research, cultural, and educational backgrounds; which critique studies for ethical concerns at the levels of exempt, expedited, and complete review. During my role as the CRC, the IRB conducted an audit to guarantee the melanoma trial was in compliance and met the requirements. The trial did not have any misconduct, and I strongly believe that upholding the ethical principles of autonomy and veracity played an immense part. “The goal of research is to generate sound scientific knowledge, which is possible only through the honest conduct, reporting, and publication of studies” (Burns, Gray, and Grove, 2015). Following ethical principles is especially important in research. The principles not only ensures participant’s safety, ultimately it yields valid and reliable results. Applying the principles of autonomy and veracity throughout my role as a clinical research coordinator and research assistant has helped to examine decisions from a utilitarianism perspective placing emphasis on respect for others and the ultimate outcome. Choosing right from wrong is a delicate situation, however in research there are rules and regulations implemented by the IRB, to determine the best actions. Ultimately, making a preeminent choice for you and for others is a rewarding feeling.
Sim, J (1997). Ethical Decision Making in Therapy Practice. Oxford: Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd. p.16.
Clinical Supervision is the life wire of any health are professional. It is the on the job teaching that takes place between the supervisor and supervisee. It is a lifelong learning used for personal and professional development which is useful both in nursing education and clinical practice. Its benefit cannot be overemphasized as it is known to improve job satisfaction and prevention of stress /burnout. Supervision is important because it allows the novice to gain knowledge, skill and commitment.
During the process of research, professionals collect data or identifiable private information through intervention or interaction. While this is a vital part of the scientific and medical fields, every precaution must be taken by researchers to protect the participants' rights. Ethics, outlined by the Belmont report; requirements, described by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); and regulations, laid out by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are verified by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). This procedure assures that all human rights are safeguarded during the entire research process.
According to McGonigle and Matrian (2014), ethical decision making is a systematic process that refers to making informed choices pertaining to ethical dilemmas using a set of established standards to differentiate right from wrong. Ethical dilemmas tend to occur when moral issues, that is society’s opinion of what is right and wrong, raises questions that cannot be answered using clearly defined rules, facts, or authoritative views (McGonigle & Matrian, 2014, p. 71). Fortunately, ethical decision making frameworks can be used as a guide to assist clinicians to reach a rational and justifiable decision (McGonigle & Matrian, 2014). In the case study presented, the Ethical Model for Ethical Decision Making will be applied to analyze an ethical dilemma and to synthesize information obtained using problem-solving, critical-thinking, and decision-making skills in order to reach a justifiable decision (McGonigle 2000; McGonigle & Matrian, 2014).
and virtue ethics are applied to a scenario where a researcher has to determine whether to keep
Slosar, J. P. (2004). Ethical decisions in health care. Health Progress. pp. 38-43. Retrieved from http://www.chausa.org/publications/health-progress/article/january-february-2004/ethical-decisions-in-health-care
Freedman, B. (1987). Equipoise and the Ethics of Clinical Research. New England Journal of Medicine, 48, 44-48.
Husted, J, & Husted, G. (2008). Ethical decision making in nursing and health care. New York: Springer Publishing Company .
This paper will focus on two BNUR leaner outcomes (University of Calgary, 2013) relevant to my learned understanding of nurses as ethical decision makers. I will outline the ways that I have seen ethics used and not used in practice, what I learned about ethics and its use in my theory courses and throughout my practicums, and I will reflect on how this understanding will translate into my professional practice moving forward.
To sum things up, the ethical demeanor of research involves respect for the safety and rights of subjects during the sequence of the trial. This includes protecting privacy and confidentiality, monitoring the condition of research subjects to assure their safety, terminating study participation in the case of hostile events, and notifying enrolled subjects about new risks, benefits, or other information that may bear upon subjects’ decisions to continue enrollment in the research. As new evidence shows itself, trial investigators and data safety monitoring boards (DSMBs) can alter the study plan, initiate notice of enrolled subjects, make changes to the informed consent policies, or stop the trials earlier than intended. Investigators should soon classify a technique for ensuring effective communication between the IRB and DSMB throughout these studies.
Steinbock, Bonnie, Alex J. London, and John D. Arras. "’Rights- Based’ Approaches." Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine. Contemporary Readings in Bioethics. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. 23. Print.
Ethics refers to the values and customs of a community at a particular point in time. At present, the term ethics is guided by the moral principles that guide our everyday actions. These moral principles guide the researcher into deciding what is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. The foundation of medical ethics is governed by two philosophical frameworks that are deontology, and utilitarianism. However ultimately the ethics committees need to balance the risks, and benefits for the participants and the community associated with the particular research proposal. This balance is quite important as the well being of participants is at risk.7
It is stated that ethical approval was gained from ethics committees covering the hospitals that would be connected to the study, and per Barker et al (2016) all research related to health care has been required to gain formal ethical approval since the Research Governance Framework was made law in 2004. This shows ethical issues were obviously addressed for the study to have been conducted and published, however no details of what the ethical issues specifically were or how they were addressed are given in the paper, such as confidentiality of patient identifiable information and anonymity or informed consent, key ethical concerns when conducting research, (Fox & Byatt 2008). More detailed information on what specific ethical issues were and how they were addressed would improve the ethical validity of the
Throughout my final ten weeks at my placement, I have grown and overcome so many obstacles. I have accomplished a wide range of skills since the beginning and have been improving on them as I gained experience. At my placement as a student nurse, I have gained a lot of confidence, skills, knowledge and experiences that have helped me act and work in a professional way. All the experiences I have had during the ten weeks of my student years have helped me in shaping me into a professional.
Making good ethical decisions requires a trained sensitivity to ethical issues and a practiced method for exploring the ethical aspects of a decision and weighing the considerations that should impact our choice of a course of action. Having a method for ethical decision making is absolutely essential. When practiced regularly, the method becomes so familiar that we work through it automatically without consulting the specific steps.