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Nature and scope of globalization
Nature and scope of globalization
Localization over globalization
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Throughout the past decade globalization and human interconnectedness have grown at a rapidly increasing rate. However, as the world continues down the path towards global convergence the question of what affect this will have on global communities remains. More specifically, as the understanding of time and space continues to change as new technology and transportation advancements are made, what role will local and global space play within the new world order. Bridging the gap between the geopolitical theory of global governance and the human geography theory of Time-Space Compression, the affects of a continuously shrinking world can be analyzed from a cultural, economic, and political perspective. With those perspectives in mind, debate over whether local space has ceased to exist as global space emerges into the forefront or if local and global space can find balance and function simultaneously with each other as emerged. Ultimately, the role that local and global spaces play is a key determinate in deciding whether global convergence has the prospect of becoming an international reality or if the movement of global integration is limited in its power. As there is no general consensus among academics on whether or not we can maintain both local and global spheres as we continue to advance towards greater interconnectedness and globalization, literature from both sides of the debate will be utilized in framing the two positions of local and global spaces.
Looking first at the position that presents the argument that local space will cease to exist as the relationship between time and space continues to decrease, a wide variety of arguments are made from each of the cultural, economic, and political perspectives. Starting with...
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...wer accompanied by increasing human interconnectedness and the widening of the scope of emotional identification.” (Linklater, 172) Linklater further argues that this trend will result in a shift from an ideology of nationalism to one heavily focused in the global sense resulting in the ability of nation states to sacrifice sovereignty to guarantee the success of international organizations. All three academics contend that because the world is shrinking and becoming more interconnected the local space by default is ceasing to exist as the global space infiltrates every aspect of the local sphere. Cultural identities and communities are now bound by the parameters of local borders, local economies are inextricably tied to the global economy, and there is a historical trend that an increase in multiculturalism will result in increased demand for global organizations.
In the book The Power of Place: Geography, Destiny, and Globalization’s Rough Landscape, the author, Harm de Blij, argues that where we are born and our geography can affect who we are and what we will become. He applies his knowledge of geography and other relatable information such as health, economy, languages, and several other areas of subject. De Blij categorizes the earth into three subdivisions: locals, globals, and mobals. He defines locals as “those who are poorest, least mobile, and most susceptible to the power of place” (pg-notes). Globals are those who “whether in government, industry, business, or other decision-making capacities, flatten
Harm de Blij and his “The Power of Place: Geography, Destiny, and Globalization’s Rough Landscape” truly describes how geography is displayed in the world today. In particular on of the major themes that he discusses is the idea of globalization. He actually calls these people the “globals.” In the very beginning of his book he describes two different types of peoples: Locals and Globals. The difference between these people is that Locals are the poorer people, not as mobile, and more susceptible to the concept of place. On the other hand the Globals are the fortunate population, and are a small group of people who have experienced globalization firsthand (5). This idea of globalization is a main theme that Blij refers to throughout the book, however he also indirectly references the five themes of cultural geography: culture regions, cultural diffusion, cultural interaction, cultural ecology, and cultural landscapes. Through Blij’s analysis these five themes are revealed in detail and help explain his overall idea of globalization in the world today.
Fulcher, James. "Globalisation, the Nation-state and Global Society." The Sociological Review 48.4 (2000): 522-43. Print.
John Baylis, Steve Smith and Patricia Owens define globalisation as “mostly simply [or simplistically!] defined as a process of increasing interconnectedness between societies such that events in one part of the world increasingly have effects on peoples and societies far away. A globalized world is one in which political, economic, cultural, and social events become more and more inter connected, and also one in which they have more impact” (John Baylis S. S., 2014, p. 9).
Globalization, properly conceived, refers to what Scholte calls “supraterritoriality.”[1] Scholte proposes that in a globalized world, territory and borders no longer matter or, at the very least, matter far less than they did in previous, non-globalized, eras.
“The dawn of the 21st century is replete with discourses of globalization.” (Brah 31). Such is the opening of Avtar Brah’s introduction to her critical article “Global Mobilities, Local Predicaments: Globalization and the Critical Imagination”. And it is within this very context of incredibly varied discourse that she presents her own analysis of ‘globalization’ within the ‘global’ and ‘local’ arenas, guiding readers through brief historical deconstructions of such terms. In doing so, Brah presents a carefully constructed argument asserting the necessity of applying perspectives of intersectionality and critically driven imaginations as the means to answering the “question of the global” (Brah 44), which she addresses through proposing the
Globalization is the process where societies emerge and grow increasingly interdependent, surpassing geographic, political, cultural and economic barriers. It refers to the concept where our lives are shaped by events that occur and decisions that are made at a great distance from us. Therefore, it highlights the intensification as well as the broadening of political processes in the sense that local, national and international events constantly correlate with each other.1 Today, globalization continues to affect and evolve the human landscape. From the streets of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, to the heart of Canada, Toronto, globalization left its mark and carved the present world. Factors such as technological
Globalization has several definitions, as Andrew McGrew underlines it. He uses four different ones in order to get a more complete definition. In this way globalization is defined as ‘the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shared by events occurring many miles away and vice versa’, ‘the integration of the world-economy’, the ‘de-territorialisation – or growth of supraterritorial relations between people’ and finally as ‘time-space compression’ (Giddens, 1990, p. 21, Gilpin, 2001, p. 364, Scholte, 2000, p. 46, Harvey, 1989, cited in Mc...
Globalisation can be construed in many ways. Many sociologists describe it as an era in which national sovereignty is disappearing as a result of a technological revolution, causing space and time to be virtually irrelevant. It is an economic revolution, which Roland Robertson refers to in his book ‘Globalisation’ 1992 pg 8, as “the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole”. It is argued that globalisation allows the world to become increasingly more united, with people more conscious of ethnic, societal, civilizational and individual aspects of their lives.
Globalization is a broad concept and the angle taken to define it can lead us to interpret the idea in many different ways. There is much controversy about what globalization actually means and many definitions fail to encompass social, cultural and technological exchanges between world systems. John Pilger suggests that "it is a jargon term which journalists and politicians have made fashionable which is often used in a positive sense to denote a 'Global village' of free trade, hi-tech marvels and all kinds of possibilities that transcend class, historical experience and ideology." (J.Pilger 1998:63). Taking a broader point of view, Bilton et al defines globalization as "The process whereby political, social, economic and cultural relations increasingly take on a global scale, and which has profound consequences for individuals, local experiences and everyday lives."
Globalization is defined as “the historical process involving a fundamental shift or transformation in the spatial scale of human social organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across regions and continents (Baylis, 2014).”
After the cold war, word ‘globalization’ was commonly used at a time of unprecedented interconnectedness when advanced nations experienced a ruthless development by exploiting energy resources and stressing culture forms in developing countries. To identify the definition of ‘globalization’, it is significant to clarify its appearance as well as implication.
Globalization can be explained in economic and sociological contexts. Malcolm Waters, in his book– ‘Globalization’ writes that “Globalization is a social process in which the constraints of geography on economic, political, social and cultural arrangements recede, in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding and in which people act accordingly.” Whereas, Nobel laureate and economist Joseph Stiglitz in his book ‘Globalization and Its Discontents’ says that ”Globalization is the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world ...brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders." However, according to Jon Aart Scholte- an authority on the subject- globalization as a process is ‘deterritorialization’; i.e., under the conditions of the process of globalization, territories- geographical boundaries have transgressed and have become extraneous to human relations. For instance, employees of a call-centre in Noida can sell insurance schemes to a resident of New York. Malcolm Waters based on the different forms of human exchange proposed a ‘Globalization Theorem.’ The theorem states that-“Material exchanges localize; political exchanges internationalize; and symbolic exchanges globalize.” Material exchange refers...
Globalization has taken place in the past when state and empires expanded their influence far outside their border. However, one of the distinctions of globalization today is the speed with which it is transforming local culture as they took part in a worldwide system of interconnectedness. Through globalization, many cultures in the world have changed dramatically.
"Globalization is a process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer. It pertains to t...