Although it already existed long before through primitive trade and migration, globalization has become a major factor in the world organization since the twentieth century. With the creation of transnational companies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, political and economic associations appeared new powerful actors that cannot be left apart in states’ decisions and whose influence may, according to some, threaten the authority of nation-states. Indeed it can be thought that globalization is causing the end of borders between countries and what is more that it is creating a sort of universal society in which states’ sovereignty is not the main authority anymore. However this essay will try to demonstrate that globalization is not undermining state sovereignty but that it is in fact leading to its transformation and to a new variety of nations. In order to prove it I will first define the main key words and will then focus on the different arguments about the effects of globalization and finally I will demonstrate that globalization has led to a transformation of the concept of state sovereignty. Globalization has several definitions, as Andrew McGrew underlines it. He uses four different ones in order to get a more complete definition. In this way globalization is defined as ‘the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shared by events occurring many miles away and vice versa’, ‘the integration of the world-economy’, the ‘de-territorialisation – or growth of supraterritorial relations between people’ and finally as ‘time-space compression’ (Giddens, 1990, p. 21, Gilpin, 2001, p. 364, Scholte, 2000, p. 46, Harvey, 1989, cited in Mc... ... middle of paper ... ... Politics: A New Introduction. London, Routledge. ( Strange, S. (1996), The retreat of the state: the diffusion of power in the world economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Strange, S. (1994), ‘Wake up Krasner! The world has changed’, Review of International Political Economy, Summer 1994, 1 (2), pp. 209-20, Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Weiss, L. (1997),’Globalization and the Myth of the Powerless State’, in New Left Review, September-October, 225 (1), pp. 3-27 [Online]. Available at: http://newleftreview.org/I/225/linda-weiss-globalization-and-the-myth-of-the-powerless-state (Accessed: 4 March 2014). Willetts, P. (2011), ‘Transnational actors and International Organisations in Global Politics’ in Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P. (eds) The Globalization of World Politics. An Introduction to International Relations. 5th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press
John Baylis, S. S. (2011). The Globalisation of World Politics; An Introduction to international relations (Fifth ed.). Oxford.
Lamy, Steven L, John Baylis, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens. Introduction to Global Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Both Marxist and liberal thinkers conclude that globalisation has made the state an institution which allows capitalism to flourish, whereas neorealists argue that the state is autonomous of globalisation. They all, however, once again subscribe to the fundamental realist principle of self-interest. The spread of capitalist ideology through globalisation is seen as a positive development by liberals who advocate that this has increased migration. John Kenneth Galbraith articulated, “migration is the oldest action against poverty… It is good for the country to which they go; it helps break the equilibrium of poverty in the country from which they come.” This is in keeping with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states “everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and return to his own country.” The free movement of people is needed in order to boost their economy, in addition the state must also be willing to allow emigration in order to break the equilibrium of poverty. Therefore, the spread of capitalist ideas is good because it benefits world economy, making for stronger interdependence between states, thus increasing security. The Marxist approach to the role of the state is different, but the underlying principles remain the same as liberal thought. Marxists argue that the superstructure exists to maintain the power of the dominant economic class over the subordinate class and that the state
These ideas, Fletcher believes, miss the mark. Each of these thoughts on globalization assumes that globalization is a force that cannot be stopped and will happen whether States like it or not. This is not the case. Instead, Fletcher argues, should be “how far will it go,” “what shape will it take,” and “what measures should States take to influence it.” These questions show that globalization is a choice that States can make and direct in the ways they choose....
Niam, M. (2008). The Five Wars of Globalization. In K. A. Mingst, Essentials of International Relations (pp. 151-159). New York: W.W Norton& Company Inc.
In 2014 the world has become more of a global society due to globalization. In this essay I will define globalization and describe the factors which lead to this phenomenon. I will examine some institutions that are related to trade and development on a global scale. I will aslo point out the positives and negatives of globalization for industrialized countries and underdeveloped countries around the globe.
Globalization refers to the extraordinary compression of time and space reproduced in the tremendous increase of social, political and cultural interconnections and interdependencies on a international scale (Eitzen&Maxine 2009). Following the Second World War, the imperialist returned political independence to their third world colonies (Eitzen&Maxine 2009). Globalization however, has maintained economic dependency on Western Europe and The United States (Eitzen&Maxine 2009). The assumptions that the spread of democracy and capitalism through globalization benefits most countries are inherently misguided. Rather, the nature and performance of globalization are contradictory. For a state to be truly democratic it needs to maintain its sovereignty. However, globalization fuelled by neo liberalism has diminished the sovereignty of the nation state (Eitzen&Maxine 2009). Although, proponents of globalization posit that it benefits all states, it simultaneously leads to the creation of the “failed states”. The modernization theory, suggesting that globalization and the acceptance of modern progressive concepts of democracy and capitalism are precursors to development (Allahar 1994). Nonetheless, proponents of this ignore the fact that capitalism is based on the unequal distribution of labor and wealth, which is subsequently contradictory to freedom and equality. The unequal distribution of capital throughout history thus renders one nation dominant over others leaving subordinate nations in a state of perpetual poverty. Thus, the modernization theory ignores the role the west plays in causing the continuous state of poverty and unrest and how this helps maintain power and control over the third world. By focusing on the issues of pirac...
Scholte, Jan Aart. Globalization - A critical introduction. International Politics Studypack for Term 2, 2006.
Globalization is a social process independent of man’s will. It is also a dynamic development process with inner contradictions and a dual nature. Although it provides a rare historic opportunity for many countries to develop, it also creates differences, competition and conflicts of interest. Globalization’s contradictions and dual nature also exert a complicated influence on contemporary international relations.
Robinson, W. I. (2005). Global capitalism: the new transnationalism and the folly of conventional thinking. Science & Society, 69(3), 316. Retrieved October 10, 2005, from ProQuest database.
Sakamoto, Y, 1994, Global Transformation: Challenges to the state system , Japan: United Nations University Press.
Mann, M. (2013). The Sources of Social Power: Volume 4, Globalizations, 1945-2011. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Baylis, J., Smith , S., & Owens, P. (2011). The globalization of world politics. (5th ed.). NY: Oxford University Press
Yeates, Nicole “Globalization and Social Policy,” in John Baldock, Nicholas Manning, and Sarah Vickerstaff, eds., Social Policy, 3rd edn. (Oxford University Press, 2007), chapter 21.
In recent decades, globalization has become a trend though hundreds nations around the world. Generally, globalization refers to trend of countries joining together in alliances or unions to support each other in many aspects such as politics, economy, education, and even military (Burbules & Torres, n.d.). While globalization brings a huge package of advantages to many nations and states, it would be fair to recognize a long list of disadvantages from this trend. In my opinion, one of the most significant problem is globalization has undermined the power of the nation state. This essay is going to explain the definition of globalization, analyzes the impacts of this trend on political aspects, and discuss how globalization has undermined the