A Survey on IEEE 802.11n 802.11 are just digits for someone from outside wireless but for people interested in wireless technologies they have a significant value. Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) sets up certain standards for researching technologies in certain fields. 802 is such standard which deals with local area networks and metropolitan area networks. 802.11 is the standard dealing with implementation of wireless-LAN. IEEE introduced 802.11 in order to improve communication between computers and similar devices. 802.11 mainly deals with different mechanisms utilized in physical and MAC layers to ultimately control the data rate, which defines the efficiency of the system. The first of it was introduced in 1997 and later several amendments were made to those standards in order to gain better data rate with the help of cutting edge technologies. While introducing new standards, mostly the former standards were collaborated in the new standard. Moreover, a huge number of companies make their products based on these standards so that they can cope up with their competitors. 802.11a and 802.11g were the most popular protocols prior to the revision of 802.11n standard. 802.11a is a wireless protocol introduced in 1999. This protocol works in a 5GHz band and uses basic orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform and attains a maximum data rate of around 54 Mbps. It was one of the most widely used protocols for wireless systems. However, 802.11g operated at 2.4 GHz band and used the same OFDM waveform as that of 802.11a. It was revised in 2003 and came into public use with a maximum possible bit rate of about 54 Mbps. IEEE 802.11n wireless protocol was not just a revision but some revol... ... middle of paper ... ... 802.11n standard like MIMO, OFDM, channel bonding and other factors that are changed in 802.11n compared to its previous standards. These journals also give an idea on how a protocol is implemented and conditions involved in achieving maximum throughput using a 802.11n system. Along with those, I came across some interesting publications and websites which are included in the reference section that give brief introduction to wireless communications and significance of the 802.11 protocols while communication occurs among computer or other devices. These publications clearly depict the functionality of the 802.11n protocol and also describes different factors involved in achieving maximum throughput of 600Mbps. Thus, I would like to discuss all the above mentioned topics as a part of my survey report on IEEE 802.11n with the help of the references mentioned above.
Research suggests that managers and employees in the wireless industry have faced tough challenges in their daily work. Managers have had the difficult job of crafting appropriate business strategies and human resource practices in the face of technological uncertainty, volatile demand, and heightened price competition in markets plagued by overcapacity (Batts, Colvin, Katz & Keefe (2005). This paper will examine the challenges facing the wireless industry the near future and recommend ways in which my new organization, Twenty1Wirless, can meet those challenges. First we will discuss the challenges we are facing as an organization. Next, we will explore the opportunities Twenty1 Wireless has to overcome these challenges. Finally, we will discuss
The 802 committee and the OSI model both relate to one another. The OSI model shows how the layers of the internet are able to communicate and function with each other. While the 802 committee will add onto that by showing how network protocols should function. With that being said there are numerous working groups under the 802 committee however the one that I will be writing about is the 802.2 or the logical link control (LLC). The logical link control is in the 2nd layer (data-link) of the OSI model. The purpose of this protocol is flow and error control along with multiplexing and demultiplexing. How multiplexing works is by getting multiple data streams and combining them into one shared stream. This is mainly seen in the common forms
There multiple LAN standards because there might be wide range of data rate and transmission that might need to support. For that reason there are a set of standard that are developed by IEEE 802 committee which are accepted and used by most of the product in the market today. Some may use the standard for Token ring, Ethernet and Wireless.
Wireless networks – While the term wireless network may technically be used to refer to any type of network that is wireless, the term is most commonly used to refer to a telecommunications network whose interconnection between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network. Wireless telecommunication networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or “layer” network.
...rly in the 90s. Eventually, it increased its speed and added more functionality like General Packet Radio System (GPRS) to the system which enhanced it to 2.5G status. 2.5G has data rates up to about 144kbit/s. It typically uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
J. A. Gutierrez ,M. Naeve , E. Callaway , M. Bourgeois ,V. Mitter and B. Heile "IEEE 802.15.4:adeveloping standard for low-power low-cost wireless personal area networks", IEEE Network, vol. 15, no. 5, pp.12 -19 2001
The Great Depression was a period in America's history, from 1929-1939, when America’s economy went into a deep recession. The stock market crashed, banks closed, jobs closed down and 1 in 4 Americans was unemployed. In 1932, the people elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt to be President of the United States. He made a plan to try and stop the Great Depression and that plan is called the New Deal. In the New Deal, there were a lot of plans and agencies that would relieve the American people, help them recover, and then make reforms so the Great Depression won't happen again. Under recover, there was an agency called the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The construction of the LaGuardia airport is a project by the WPA.
6) Michele Zorzi, “Wireless Sensor and networks: Recent trends and Research Issues’’, University of Padova, Italy, IEEE communication society, Poland, April 28-30, 2008.
The propose research will address a problem confronting many two year institutions in the present-day (i.e. how to best plan, design, and implement WLAN technologies). While WLAN technologies offer the benefits of mobility, reduced installation time, and decreased cost, many challenges must be met by institutions deploying them (Geier, 2005). These issues are related to security, speed, interoperability, and equipment selection, ease of use, reliability, signal interference, installation, and health risks.
Print. The. Gordon A. Gow, and Richard K. Smith. Mobile and wireless communications: an introduction, McGraw-Hill International, 2006. Print.
The world has gone through a lot of changed as time passes by. With advancements in the technological field people are can communicate with ones from around the world without having to even lift a finger. To make things more efficient and more cost saving industries have made technology wireless. Wireless technology gives people the chance to get up from their stationary computer, or cord phone and able to freely move without restrictions. The IT, or Information Technology has become a standard and very critical part of today’s society. Wireless technology came from the basic just cellular usage to sensors in the medical field. Wires are now a thing of the past in today’s world with forever revitalizing technology.
LANs systems can be defined and connected in many different ways. This is the reason for the standardization for every one can have a common ground to start from. “The LANs described Herein are distinguished from other types of data networks in that they are optimized for a moderate size geographic area such as a single office building, warehouse, or a campus. The IEEE 802 LAN is a shared medium peer-to-peer communications network that broadcasts information for all stations to receive. As a consequence, it does not inherently provide privacy. The LAN enables stations to communicate directly using a common physical medium on a point-to-point basis without any intermediate switching node being required. There is always need for an access sublayer in order to arbitrate to access to the shared medium. The network is generally owned, used, and operated by a single organization. This is in contrast to Wide Area Networks (WANs) that interconnect communication facilities in different parts of a country or are used as a public utility. These LANs are also different from networks, such as backplane buses, that are optimized for the interconnection of devices on a desk top or components within a single piece of equipment.”(IEEE 802 Standard 1990) That is the standard definition for LANs by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer committee 802. They are the committee used to set the standard in workmanship and operations for technicians that set-up and perform maintenance on LANs systems. And through all the technical words what they are trying to say is a LAN is a small area network that distributes information among computer in a small work environment unlike WANs that distribute information across global areas.
G in 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G stands for the “Generation” of the mobile network. Today, mobile operators have started offering 4G services a higher number before the ‘G’ means more power to send out and receive more information and therefore the ability to achieve a higher efficiency through the wireless network. During the time of 1G, radio signals were transmitted in ‘analogue’ form. 2G networks, on the other hand, are based on narrow band digital networks. The 3rd generation of mobile networks has become popular and users access the Internet over devices like mobiles and tablets.
Wireless is everywhere today whether at home working from your WIFI network to work where you might be linked a wireless network or even through your phone through a 3G or 4G network to connecting to an open wireless networks. As you can see for the most part people are connecting to wireless from the moment they leave their home till they get to work and then back. While wireless comm...
Introduction: This is a 21th century, technology is the most important and improved thing of the human life. It makes life easier and faster. Development of faster sophisticated technology we have better and fast life. So all we are connect each other by computer network. There are two different way of network: Wired and wireless. Now day we can found network almost everywhere. Home, business, public place, Airport, Planes, hospitals, school, train everywhere we can found networking. Therefore, almost every sector of the economy that has affected by wired and wireless technology. Wired network and wireless protect both has security, But in general wireless network is less secure than wired networks. For proper security AP (access point) and its antenna should be right position. Also add a wireless access point or use a wireless router we can connect to network wirelessly. AS we using more and more of devices (smart phones, tablet and computers) rely on wireless networking, we have to improve our network security too.