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Emerging wireless technology
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INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Wireless sensors Deployment 2 1.2 Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks 3 1.3 The Physical Architecture of WSANs 3 1.4 Difference between WSNS and WS 4 1.5 Requirement of WSNs 5 2. Wireless Ad-Hoc Network 5 3. Current Issues and solution 6 3.1 Key management issue for future 9 4. Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications of WSNs 10 5. Conclusion 11 6. References 12 List of figures Figure 1 Working principle of WSNs 1 Figure 1.3 The Physical Architecture of WSANs 4 Figure 1.3.1 (a) Automated Vs (b) Semi-Automated 4 Figure 3 (a) Example of coverage problem: The sensing ranges are unit disks 7 Figure 3 (b) The sensing ranges are non-unit disks 7 Figure 3.1(a) the coverage problem with irregular sensing region (a) Coverage levels of irregular sub-regions (b) Polygon approx. of sensor Si sensing region (c) Covered segments of sensor Si 8 Figure 3.1.1 Security Requirements for WSN 9 Figure 3.1.2 Common key distribution schemes for WSNs 9 Figure 4 Applications 11 Introduction Wireless Sensor Network The rapid progress of embedded MEMS (micro-sensing technologies) and wireless communication has made wireless sensor networks possible. Such an environment may have many wireless nodes which are inexpensive; each node is capable of collecting, storing and processing environmental data, and communicating with neighboring nodes. These sensors are connected with wires in the past but tod... ... middle of paper ... ... in Wireless Sensor Networks: Current proposal and Future Development, IEEE Xplore, Hong Kong, Oct- 2007. 5) Jeremy Eric Elson, “Time Synchronization in Wireless sensor Networks, University of California, USA: ANSII Std 239-18, 2003. 6) Michele Zorzi, “Wireless Sensor and networks: Recent trends and Research Issues’’, University of Padova, Italy, IEEE communication society, Poland, April 28-30, 2008. 7) CHI-FU HUANG and YU-CHEE TSENG, “Mobile Network and Application”, the coverage Problem in a Wireless Sensor Network, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, Netherland, senior member of IEEE, 2005, Sec. 5. 8) Ian F. Akyildiz, Ismail H. Kasimoglu, “Ad Hoc Networks’’, Wireless sensor and actor networks: Research Challenges, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, May-2004. 9) Salvatore La Malfa, “Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Xplore, 2010.
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The routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and underwater wireless sensor networks can be roughly
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Disclaimer; this is intended to be an introductory technical article; certain details have been excluded in the interests of space and clarity. Network design examples are presented to illustrate specific technical points and are not intended to fully complete.
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The perception layer includes a group of Internet-enabled devices that are able to perceive, detect objects, gather information, and exchange information with other devices through the Internet communication networks. Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID), cameras, sensors, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are some examples of perception layer devices. Forwarding data from the perception layer to the application layer under the constraints of devices’ capabilities, network limitation and the applications’ constraints is the task of the network layer. IOT systems use a combination of short-range networks communication
De Poorter, E., Troubleyn, E., Moerman, I., & Demeester, P. (2011). IDRA: A flexible system architecture for next generation wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 17(6), 1423-1440. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-011-0356-5